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Steel H, Box C, Oelfke U, Bartzsch S. PV-0568: Remarkable normal tissue sparing effects are seen in vitro in response to microbeam radiation. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Nimalasena S, Gothard L, Kothari G, Allen S, Sinnett V, Musallam A, Kirby A, Ross G, Lucy C, Castell F, Cleator S, Locke I, Sawyer E, Tait D, Westbury C, Wolstenholme V, Box C, Robinson S, Yarnold J, Somaiah N. EP-1315: KORTUC phase I/II trial testing a novel radiation sensitiser in breast cancer: preliminary results. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brueningk S, Costa M, Box C, Rivens I, Nill S, Oelfke U, Ter Haar G. EP-2335: 3D tumour spheroids as an alternative to clonogenic assays for predicting radiation response in vivo. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jackson KA, Sanchez-Santos MT, MacKinnon AL, Turner A, Kuznik K, Ellis S, Box C, Hill J, Javaid MK, Cooper C, Arden NK, Newton JL. Bone density and body composition in newly licenced professional jockeys. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2675-2682. [PMID: 28612306 PMCID: PMC5550520 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The primary objective is the description of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in newly licensed jockeys. One in three male, flat jockeys has a very low bone mineral density. Further research is needed to assess the short-term risk of fractures and long-term health implications of these findings. INTRODUCTION Describe bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in entry-level male and female, flat and jump jockeys in Great Britain. METHODS Data was collected on jockeys applying for a professional jockey license between 2013 and 2015. Areal BMD at the spine, femoral neck (FN), total hip and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. We examined differences between BMD and body composition by gender and race type (flat or jump). Volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) of the spine and FN was also calculated to account for group differences in bone size. RESULTS Seventy-nine male flat jockeys (age 18.5 ± 1.9, BMI 19.0 ± 1.4), 69 male jump (age 20.7 ± 2.0, BMI 20.6 ± 1.3) and 37 female flat jockeys (age 19.3 ± 2.0, BMI 20.8 ± 1.7) took part in this study. Spine BMD Z-scores ≤-2 for male flat, male jump and female flat jockeys were 29, 13 and 2.7%, respectively. Spine BMD was lower in male than female flat jockeys (p<0.001). All BMD scores were lower in male flat compared to male jump jockeys (p<0.001). Body fat percent (BF %) was lower in male flat jockeys compared to male jump and female flat jockeys (p<0.05). Lean mass index (LMI) was lower in male flat compared to male jump jockeys (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Male flat jockeys had a significantly lower BMD, LMI and BF% compared to jump jockeys and female flat jockeys. Male flat jockeys had lower spine BMD scores than females. Individual bone maturation may influence these findings. Further investigation into the relevance of low BMD and altered body composition on jockey health is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jackson
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - M T Sanchez-Santos
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A L MacKinnon
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Turner
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Kuznik
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- British Horseracing Authority, 75 High Holborn, London, UK
| | - S Ellis
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Box
- University of Oxford Medical School, Oxford, UK
| | - J Hill
- British Horseracing Authority, 75 High Holborn, London, UK
| | - M K Javaid
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N K Arden
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J L Newton
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Beloueche-Babari M, Box C, Arunan V, Parkes HG, Valenti M, De Haven Brandon A, Jackson LE, Eccles SA, Leach MO. Acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors alters the metabolism of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells and xenograft tumours. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1206-14. [PMID: 25742484 PMCID: PMC4385966 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired resistance to molecularly targeted therapeutics is a key challenge in personalised cancer medicine, highlighting the need for identifying the underlying mechanisms and early biomarkers of relapse, in order to guide subsequent patient management. METHODS Here we use human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) models and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess the metabolic changes that follow acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and which could serve as potential metabolic biomarkers of drug resistance. RESULTS Comparison of NMR metabolite profiles obtained from control (CAL(S)) and EGFR TKI-resistant (CAL(R)) cells grown as 2D monolayers, 3D spheroids or xenograft tumours in athymic mice revealed a number of differences between the sensitive and drug-resistant models. In particular, we observed elevated levels of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) in CAL(R) relative to CAL(S) monolayers, spheroids and tumours, independent of the growth rate or environment. In addition, there was an increase in alanine, aspartate and creatine+phosphocreatine in resistant spheroids and xenografts, and increased levels of lactate, branched-chain amino acids and a fall in phosphoethanolamine only in xenografts. The xenograft lactate build-up was associated with an increased expression of the glucose transporter GLUT-1, whereas the rise in GPC was attributed to inhibition of GPC phosphodiesterase. Reduced glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and phosphocholine were observed in a second HNSCC model probably indicative of a different drug resistance mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal metabolic signatures associated not only with acquired EGFR TKI resistance but also growth pattern, microenvironment and contributing mechanisms in HNSCC models. These findings warrant further investigation as metabolic biomarkers of disease relapse in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beloueche-Babari
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - C Box
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - V Arunan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - H G Parkes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - M Valenti
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - A De Haven Brandon
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - L E Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - S A Eccles
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - M O Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
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Hagen DA, Box C, Greenlee S, Xiang F, Regev O, Grunlan JC. High gas barrier imparted by similarly charged multilayers in nanobrick wall thin films. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Super oxygen barrier trilayer thin films have been deposited using two successive anionic layers of clay and polymer following every cationic polymer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Hagen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station, USA
| | - C. Box
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station, USA
| | - S. Greenlee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station, USA
| | - F. Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station, USA
| | - O. Regev
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev
- 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - J. C. Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
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Rogers S, Collier R, Clark E, Tanay M, Hickey J, Box C, Rhys-Evans P, Nutting C, Eccles S, Harrington K. PP127 INHANCE (Iressa™ Novel Head and Neck Chemotherapy Evaluation) randomised phase II trial: clinical findings and associated translational research into EGFR-related biomarkers in tumour and skin biopsies. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)72202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Eccles S, Rogers S, Box C, Rhys-Evans P, Harrington K. 49 INVITED What are the determinants of response to EGF-R signalling inhibitors in HNSCC? EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kirby AM, A'hern RP, D'ambrosio C, Tanay M, Syrigos KN, Rogers SJ, Box C, Eccles SA, Nutting CM, Harrington KJ. Gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa) as palliative treatment in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:631-6. [PMID: 16495923 PMCID: PMC2361202 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the level of activity and toxicity of gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa™) in a population of patients with locally recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer. Patients were recruited into an expanded access programme through the multidisciplinary head and neck clinics at the Royal Marsden and St George's Hospitals. Patients were required to have received at least one course of standard systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or be medically unfit for chemotherapy. Patients were commenced on single-agent gefitinib at a dose of 500 mg day−1. Clinical, symptomatic and radiological response, time to progression (TTP), survival and toxicity were recorded. A total of 47 patients were enrolled (35 male and 12 female) with a median age of 62 years (range 18–93 years). The observed clinical response rate was 8% with a disease control rate (complete response, partial response, stable disease) of 36%. In all, 34% of patients experienced an improvement in their symptoms. The median TTP and survival were 2.6 and 4.3 months, respectively. Acneiform folliculitis was the most frequent toxicity observed (76%) but the majority of cases were grade 1 or 2. Only four patients experienced grade 3 toxicity of any type (all cases of folliculitis). Gefitinib was well tolerated and yielded symptomatic improvement in one-third of patients. However, this agent appeared to possess limited antitumour activity in this group of patients with head and neck cancer in whom the objective response rate, median TTP and survival were all lower than has been reported in a previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kirby
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - R P A'hern
- Department of Statistics, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - C D'ambrosio
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - M Tanay
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - K N Syrigos
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - S J Rogers
- McElwain Laboratories, Institute for Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, UK
| | - C Box
- McElwain Laboratories, Institute for Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, UK
| | - S A Eccles
- McElwain Laboratories, Institute for Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, UK
| | - C M Nutting
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - K J Harrington
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK
- Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London, UK. E-mail:
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