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Kuttippurath J, Singh A, Dash SP, Mallick N, Clerbaux C, Van Damme M, Clarisse L, Coheur PF, Raj S, Abbhishek K, Varikoden H. Record high levels of atmospheric ammonia over India: Spatial and temporal analyses. Sci Total Environ 2020; 740:139986. [PMID: 32927535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is an alkaline gas and a prominent constituent of the nitrogen cycle that adversely affects ecosystems at higher concentrations. It is a pollutant, which influences all three spheres such as haze formation in the atmosphere, soil acidification in the lithosphere, and eutrophication in water bodies. Atmospheric NH3 reacts with sulfur (SOx) and nitrogen (NOx) oxides to form aerosols, which eventually affect human health and climate. Here, we present the seasonal and inter-annual variability of atmospheric NH3 over India in 2008-2016 using the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) satellite observations. We find that Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is one of the largest and rapidly growing NH3 hotspots of the world, with a growth rate of +1.2% yr-1 in summer (June-August: Kharif season), due to intense agricultural activities and presence of many fertilizer industries there. However, our analyses show insignificant decreasing trends in annual NH3 of about -0.8% yr-1 in all India, about -0.4% yr-1 in IGP, and -1.0% yr-1 in the rest of India. Ammonia is positively correlated with total fertilizer consumption (r = 0.75) and temperature (r = 0.5) since high temperature favors volatilization, and is anti-correlated with total precipitation (r = from -0.2, but -0.8 in the Rabi season: October-February) as wet deposition helps removal of atmospheric NH3. This study, henceforth, suggests the need for better fertilization practices and viable strategies to curb emissions, to alleviate the adverse health effects and negative impacts on the ecosystem in the region. On the other hand, the overall decreasing trend in atmospheric NH3 over India shows the positive actions, and commitment to the national missions and action plans to reduce atmospheric pollution and changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuttippurath
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - A Singh
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - S P Dash
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - N Mallick
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - C Clerbaux
- LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Van Damme
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Clarisse
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P-F Coheur
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Atmospheric Spectroscopy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Raj
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - K Abbhishek
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - H Varikoden
- ESSO-Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India
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Fortems-Cheiney A, Chevallier F, Pison I, Bousquet P, Szopa S, Deeter MN, Clerbaux C. Ten years of CO emissions as seen from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karagulian F, Clarisse L, Clerbaux C, Prata AJ, Hurtmans D, Coheur PF. Detection of volcanic SO2, ash, and H2SO4using the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pumphrey HC, Filipiak MJ, Livesey NJ, Schwartz MJ, Boone C, Walker KA, Bernath P, Ricaud P, Barret B, Clerbaux C, Jarnot RF, Manney GL, Waters JW. Validation of middle-atmosphere carbon monoxide retrievals from the Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nassar R, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Clerbaux C, Coheur PF, Dufour G, Froidevaux L, Mahieu E, McConnell JC, McLeod SD, Murtagh DP, Rinsland CP, Semeniuk K, Skelton R, Walker KA, Zander R. A global inventory of stratospheric chlorine in 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Clerbaux
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire , Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium
- b Boursi`ere IRSIA , Belgium
| | - R. Colin
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire , Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium
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Turquety S, Hadji-Lazaro J, Clerbaux C, Hauglustaine DA, Clough SA, Cassé V, Schlüssel P, Mégie G. Operational trace gas retrieval algorithm for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Turquety
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - J. Hadji-Lazaro
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - C. Clerbaux
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - D. A. Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - S. A. Clough
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | - V. Cassé
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Toulouse France
| | - P. Schlüssel
- European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); Darmstadt Germany
| | - G. Mégie
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
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Clerbaux C, Chazette P, Hadji-Lazaro J, Mégie G, Müller JF, Clough SA. Remote sensing of CO, CH4, and O3using a spaceborne nadir-viewing interferometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Direct determination of the radiative forcing of trace gases will be made possible by use of the next generation of nadir-looking spaceborne instruments that provide measurements of atmospheric radiances in the infrared spectral range with improved spectral and spatial resolution. An inversion statistical method has thus been developed and applied to the direct determination of the radiative forcing of methane, based on such instruments as the Fourier-transform Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases launched onboard the Japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite in 1996 and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer planned for the European polar platform Meteorological Operational Satellite in 2000. The method is based on simple statistical laws that directly relate the measured radiances to the radiative forcing by use of an a priori selection of appropriate spectral intervals and global modeling of methane spatial variations. This procedure avoids the use of an indirect determination based on an inversion process that requires precise knowledge of the methane vertical profiles throughout the troposphere. The overall accuracy and precision of this new algorithm are studied, and interfering gases and instrumental characteristics are taken into account. It is shown that radiative forcing can be determined at high horizontal spatial resolution with a precision better than 7% in cloud-free conditions and with well-known surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chazette
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace, C. E. Saclay, Bâtiment 709, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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