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Seridi N, Hamidouche M, Belmessabih N, El Kennani S, Gagnon J, Martinez G, Coutton C, Marchal T, Chebloune Y. Immortalization of primary sheep embryo kidney cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:76-85. [PMID: 33415664 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sheep primary epithelial cells are short-lived in cell culture systems. For long-term in vitro studies, primary cells need to be immortalized. This study aims to establish and characterize T immortalized sheep embryo kidney cells (TISEKC). In this study, we used fetal lamb kidneys to derive primary cultures of epithelial cells. We subsequently immortalized these cells using the large T SV40 antigen to generate crude TISEKC and isolate TISEKC clones. Among numerous clones of immortalized cells, the selected TISEKC-5 maintained active division and cell growth over 20 passages but lacked expression of the oncogenic large T SV40 antigen. Morphologically, TISEKC-5 maintained their epithelial aspect similar to the parental primary epithelial cells. However, their growth properties showed quite different patterns. Crude TISEKC, as well as the clones of TISEKC proliferated highly in culture compared to the parental primary cells. In the early passages, immortalized cells showed heterogeneous polyploidy but in the late passages the karyotype of immortalized cells became progressively stable, identical to that of the primary cells, because the TISEKC-5 cell line has lost the large SV40 T antigen expression, this cell line is a valuable tool for veterinary sciences and biotechnological productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Seridi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Unit of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology "Houari Boumediene", Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Hamidouche
- Laboratory of Production and Development of Viral Veterinary Vaccines, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria
| | - N Belmessabih
- Laboratory of Production and Development of Viral Veterinary Vaccines, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria
| | - S El Kennani
- INRAE/UGA USC 1450, Pathogenesis and Lentivirus Vaccination Laboratory, PAVAL Lab, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J Gagnon
- INRAE/UGA USC 1450, Pathogenesis and Lentivirus Vaccination Laboratory, PAVAL Lab, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G Martinez
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - C Coutton
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - T Marchal
- VetAgro Sup, UPSP ICE 2011.03.101, Laboratoire d'Histopathologie, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Y Chebloune
- INRAE/UGA USC 1450, Pathogenesis and Lentivirus Vaccination Laboratory, PAVAL Lab, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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2
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Egloff M, Hervé B, Quibel T, Jaillard S, Le Bouar G, Uguen K, Saliou AH, Valduga M, Perdriolle E, Coutton C, Coston AL, Coussement A, Anselem O, Missirian C, Bretelle F, Prieur F, Fanget C, Muti C, Jacquemot MC, Beneteau C, Le Vaillant C, Vekemans M, Salomon LJ, Vialard F, Malan V. Diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with isolated increased nuchal translucency: a French multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52:715-721. [PMID: 29027723 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and nature of copy number variants (CNVs) identified by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in a large cohort of fetuses with isolated increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT) ≥ 3.5 mm. METHODS This was a retrospective, multicenter study, including 11 French hospitals, of data from the period between April 2012 and December 2015. In total, 720 fetuses were analyzed by rapid aneuploidy test and the fetuses identified as euploid underwent CMA. CNVs detected were evaluated for clinical significance and classified into five groups: pathogenic CNVs; benign CNVs; CNVs predisposing to neurodevelopmental disorders; variants of uncertain significance (VOUS); and CNVs not related to the phenotype (i.e. incidental findings). RESULTS In 121 (16.8%) fetuses, an aneuploidy involving chromosome 13, 18 or 21 was detected by rapid aneuploidy test and the remaining 599 fetuses were euploid. Among these, 53 (8.8%) had a CNV detected by CMA: 16/599 (2.7%) were considered to be pathogenic, including 11/599 (1.8%) that were cryptic (not visible by karyotyping); 7/599 (1.2%) were CNVs predisposing to neurodevelopmental disorders; and 8/599 (1.3%) were VOUS. Additionally, there was one (0.2%) CNV that was unrelated to the reason for referral diagnosis (i.e. an incidental finding) and the remaining 21 were benign CNVs, without clinical consequence. Interestingly, we identified five genomic imbalances of the 1q21.1 or 15q11.2 regions known to be associated with congenital heart defects. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the benefit of CMA in the etiological diagnosis of fetuses with isolated increased NT. It is worth noting that most (69%) of the detected pathogenic CNVs were cryptic. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Egloff
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - B Hervé
- Unité de Cytogénétique, CHI de Poissy St Germain, Poissy, France
- EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - T Quibel
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHI de Poissy St Germain, Poissy, France
| | - S Jaillard
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - G Le Bouar
- Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - K Uguen
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Cytologie et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU, Brest, France
| | - A-H Saliou
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Prénatal, CHRU, Brest, France
| | - M Valduga
- Service de Génétique, CHRU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - E Perdriolle
- Service d'Obstétrique, CHRU Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A-L Coston
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Couple Enfant, Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Coussement
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - O Anselem
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique de Port-Royal, Maternité Port-Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Broca Hôtel-Dieu, APHP, Paris, France
| | - C Missirian
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Timone Enfants, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - F Bretelle
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU Nord, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - F Prieur
- Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique Moléculaire, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C Fanget
- Service d'Obstétrique, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C Muti
- Génétique Constitutionnelle, Laboratoire de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - M-C Jacquemot
- Consultation de Diagnostic Prénatal, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - C Beneteau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C Le Vaillant
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - M Vekemans
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - L J Salomon
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service d'Obstétrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - F Vialard
- Unité de Cytogénétique, CHI de Poissy St Germain, Poissy, France
- EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - V Malan
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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3
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Smol T, Petit F, Piton A, Keren B, Sanlaville D, Afenjar A, Baker S, Bedoukian EC, Bhoj EJ, Bonneau D, Boudry-Labis E, Bouquillon S, Boute-Benejean O, Caumes R, Chatron N, Colson C, Coubes C, Coutton C, Devillard F, Dieux-Coeslier A, Doco-Fenzy M, Ewans LJ, Faivre L, Fassi E, Field M, Fournier C, Francannet C, Genevieve D, Giurgea I, Goldenberg A, Green AK, Guerrot AM, Heron D, Isidor B, Keena BA, Krock BL, Kuentz P, Lapi E, Le Meur N, Lesca G, Li D, Marey I, Mignot C, Nava C, Nesbitt A, Nicolas G, Roche-Lestienne C, Roscioli T, Satre V, Santani A, Stefanova M, Steinwall Larsen S, Saugier-Veber P, Picker-Minh S, Thuillier C, Verloes A, Vieville G, Wenzel M, Willems M, Whalen S, Zarate YA, Ziegler A, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Kalscheuer VM, Gerard B, Ghoumid J. MED13L-related intellectual disability: involvement of missense variants and delineation of the phenotype. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:93-103. [PMID: 29511999 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular anomalies in MED13L, leading to haploinsufficiency, have been reported in patients with moderate to severe intellectual disability (ID) and distinct facial features, with or without congenital heart defects. Phenotype of the patients was referred to "MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome." Missense variants in MED13L were already previously described to cause the MED13L-related syndrome, but only in a limited number of patients. Here we report 36 patients with MED13L molecular anomaly, recruited through an international collaboration between centers of expertise for developmental anomalies. All patients presented with intellectual disability and severe language impairment. Hypotonia, ataxia, and recognizable facial gestalt were frequent findings, but not congenital heart defects. We identified seven de novo missense variations, in addition to protein-truncating variants and intragenic deletions. Missense variants clustered in two mutation hot-spots, i.e., exons 15-17 and 25-31. We found that patients carrying missense mutations had more frequently epilepsy and showed a more severe phenotype. This study ascertains missense variations in MED13L as a cause for MED13L-related intellectual disability and improves the clinical delineation of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France
| | - F Petit
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - A Piton
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Keren
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - D Sanlaville
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Afenjar
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - S Baker
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E C Bedoukian
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E J Bhoj
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Bonneau
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - E Boudry-Labis
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Bouquillon
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - O Boute-Benejean
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - R Caumes
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - N Chatron
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Colson
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - C Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - F Devillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Dieux-Coeslier
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - M Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, EA3801, SFR-CAP Santé, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - L J Ewans
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares 'Anomalies du Développement, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Fassi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Field
- The Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Fournier
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Francannet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Genevieve
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Giurgea
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - A K Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A M Guerrot
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - D Heron
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - B Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Unité de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B A Keena
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B L Krock
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Kuentz
- Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Lapi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - N Le Meur
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - G Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Li
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Marey
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Nava
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Nicolas
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Roche-Lestienne
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - T Roscioli
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Santani
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Stefanova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Steinwall Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Saugier-Veber
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Picker-Minh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Thuillier
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Verloes
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - G Vieville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - M Wenzel
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Whalen
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Y A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Ziegler
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - S Manouvrier-Hanu
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - V M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Gerard
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France. .,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France.
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4
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El Chehadeh S, Touraine R, Prieur F, Reardon W, Bienvenu T, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Doco-Fenzy M, Landais E, Philippe C, Marle N, Callier P, Mosca-Boidron AL, Mugneret F, Le Meur N, Goldenberg A, Guerrot AM, Chambon P, Satre V, Coutton C, Jouk PS, Devillard F, Dieterich K, Afenjar A, Burglen L, Moutard ML, Addor MC, Lebon S, Martinet D, Alessandri JL, Doray B, Miguet M, Devys D, Saugier-Veber P, Drunat S, Aral B, Kremer V, Rondeau S, Tabet AC, Thevenon J, Thauvin-Robinet C, Perreton N, Des Portes V, Faivre L. Xq28 duplication includingMECP2in six unreported affected females: what can we learn for diagnosis and genetic counselling? Clin Genet 2017; 91:576-588. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. El Chehadeh
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | - R. Touraine
- Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire; CHU de Saint-Etienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - F. Prieur
- Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire; CHU de Saint-Etienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - W. Reardon
- Clinical Genetics, Division National Centre for Medical Genetics; Our Lady's Children's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - T. Bienvenu
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, HU Paris Centre, Site Cochin, France; Université Paris Descartes; Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016; Paris France
| | - S. Chantot-Bastaraud
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - M. Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, EA3801; SFR-CAP Santé, CHU de Reims; Reims France
| | - E. Landais
- PRBI, Pôle de Biologie Médicale; CHU de Reims; Reims France
| | - C. Philippe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale; Hôpitaux de Brabois CHRU; Vandoeuvre les Nancy France
| | - N. Marle
- Service de Cytogénétique; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | - P. Callier
- Service de Cytogénétique; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | | | - F. Mugneret
- Service de Cytogénétique; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | - N. Le Meur
- Etablissement Français du Sang; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - A. Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen; Inserm et Université de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - A.-M. Guerrot
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen; Inserm et Université de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - P. Chambon
- Laboratoire D'histologie, Cytogénétique et Biologie de la Reproduction; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - V. Satre
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - C. Coutton
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - P.-S. Jouk
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - F. Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - K. Dieterich
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - A. Afenjar
- Service de Génétique; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - L. Burglen
- Service de Génétique; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - M.-L. Moutard
- Unité de neuropédiatrie et pathologie du développement; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - M.-C. Addor
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - S. Lebon
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - D. Martinet
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Constitutionnelle et Prénatale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J.-L. Alessandri
- Pôle Enfants; CHU de la Réunion - Hôpital Félix Guyon; Saint-Denis France
| | - B. Doray
- Service de Génétique; CHU de la Réunion - Hôpital Félix Guyon; Saint-Denis France
| | - M. Miguet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | - D. Devys
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique; CHU de Strasbourg - Hôpital Civil; Strasbourg France
| | - P. Saugier-Veber
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie; Rouen France
| | - S. Drunat
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire; Hôpital Robert Debré; Paris France
| | - B. Aral
- Service de Biologie Moléculaire; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | - V. Kremer
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | - S. Rondeau
- Service de Pédiatrie Néonatale et Réanimation; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - A.-C. Tabet
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique; Hôpital Robert Debré; Paris France
| | - J. Thevenon
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- GAD, EA4271, Génétique et Anomalies du Développement; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - C. Thauvin-Robinet
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- GAD, EA4271, Génétique et Anomalies du Développement; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - N. Perreton
- EPICIME-CIC 1407 de Lyon, Inserm; Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU-Lyon; Bron France
| | - V. Des Portes
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique; CHU de Lyon-GH Est; Bron France
| | - L. Faivre
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- GAD, EA4271, Génétique et Anomalies du Développement; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
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5
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Ray PF, Toure A, Metzler-Guillemain C, Mitchell MJ, Arnoult C, Coutton C. Genetic abnormalities leading to qualitative defects of sperm morphology or function. Clin Genet 2016; 91:217-232. [PMID: 27779748 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infertility, defined by the inability of conceiving a child after 1 year is estimated to concern approximately 50 million couples worldwide. As the male gamete is readily accessible and can be studied by a simple spermogram it is easier to subcategorize male than female infertility. Subjects with a specific sperm phenotype are more likely to have a common origin thus facilitating the search for causal factors. Male infertility is believed to be often multifactorial and caused by both genetic and extrinsic factors, but severe cases of male infertility are likely to have a predominant genetic etiology. Patients presenting with a monomorphic teratozoospermia such as globozoospermia or macrospermia with more than 85% of the spermatozoa presenting this specific abnormality have been analyzed permitting to identify several key genes for spermatogenesis such as AURKC and DPY19L2. The study of patients with other specific sperm anomalies such as severe alteration of sperm motility, in particular multiple morphological anomalies of the sperm flagella (MMAF) or sperm unability to fertilize the oocyte (oocyte activation failure syndrome) has also enable the identification of new infertility genes. Here we review the recent works describing the identification and characterization of gene defects having a direct qualitative effect on sperm morphology or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.,UF de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Toure
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - C Arnoult
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - C Coutton
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.,UF de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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6
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Mitchell MJ, Metzler-Guillemain C, Toure A, Coutton C, Arnoult C, Ray PF. Single gene defects leading to sperm quantitative anomalies. Clin Genet 2016; 91:208-216. [PMID: 27779755 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Azoospermia, defined by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate, is estimated to affect up to 1% of men in the general population. Assisted reproductive technologies have revolutionized the treatment of infertility, and some azoospermic men, those with a post-meiotic defect, can conceive following the use of viable spermatoza recovered from testicular or epididymal biopsies. Although male infertility is a multifactorial disease, it is believed that genetic factors are predominant in the etiology of azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Despite that assumption, substantiated by the high number of infertile knockout (KO) mice and the even higher number of genes expressed essentially in the testis, little is known about the pathophysiology of reduced sperm production, its primary causes or the genetic and epigenetic consequences for the gamete and the future conceptus. The identification of genetic abnormalities is therefore paramount to understand spermatogenesis, to adopt the best course of action for the patient and to provide adequate genetic counseling. We provide here a review of the recent literature on the genetics of azoospermia and oligozoospermia, focusing on defects directly altering sperm production. New sequencing technologies are contributing to the rapid evolution of the recent field of infertility genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mitchell
- Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - C Metzler-Guillemain
- Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - A Toure
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Coutton
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - C Arnoult
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - P F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, UF de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Grenoble, France
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7
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Coutton C, Arnoult C, Ray PF. Comprehensive investigation in patients affected by globozoospermia. Andrology 2015; 3:1183. [PMID: 26418511 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Coutton
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility" Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France.,Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - C Arnoult
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility" Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France
| | - P F Ray
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility" Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique et Moléculaire, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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8
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Coutton C, Poreau B, Devillard F, Durand C, Odent S, Rozel C, Vieville G, Amblard F, Jouk PS, Satre V. Currarino Syndrome and HPE Microform Associated with a 2.7-Mb Deletion in 7q36.3 Excluding SHH Gene. Mol Syndromol 2013; 5:25-31. [PMID: 24550762 DOI: 10.1159/000355391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common forebrain defect in humans. It results from incomplete midline cleavage of the prosencephalon and can be caused by environmental and genetic factors. HPE is usually described as a continuum of brain malformations from the most severe alobar HPE to the middle interhemispheric fusion variant or syntelencephaly. A microform of HPE is limited to craniofacial features such as congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis and single central maxillary incisor, without brain malformation. Among the heterogeneous causes of HPE, point mutations and deletions in the SHH gene at 7q36 have been identified as well as extremely rare chromosomal rearrangements in the long-range enhancers of this gene. Here, we report a boy with an HPE microform associated with a Currarino syndrome. Array CGH detected a de novo 2.7-Mb deletion in the 7q36.3 region including the MNX1 gene, usually responsible for the Currarino triad but excluding SHH, which is just outside the deletion. This new case provides further evidence of the importance of the SHH long-range enhancers in the HPE spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France ; AGIM CNRS FRE3405, Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer', Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - B Poreau
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique et Procréation, Grenoble, France
| | - F Devillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - C Durand
- Service de Radiopédiatrie, Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - S Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Rennes, France
| | - C Rozel
- Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - G Vieville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - F Amblard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - P-S Jouk
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique et Procréation, Grenoble, France
| | - V Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France ; AGIM CNRS FRE3405, Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer', Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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9
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Coutton C, Bidart M, Rendu J, Devillard F, Vieville G, Amblard F, Lopez G, Jouk PS, Satre V. 190-kb duplication in 1p36.11 includingPIGVandARID1Agenes in a girl with intellectual disability and hexadactyly. Clin Genet 2013; 84:596-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Département de Génétique et Procréation; Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
- Equipe “Génétique, Infertilité et Thérapeutique”; Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405; Grenoble France
- Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
| | - M Bidart
- Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
- INSERM, U836, Team7 Nanomedicine and Brain, BP 170; Grenoble France
- Biology and Pathology Institute; University Hospital Centre; Grenoble France
| | - J Rendu
- Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire; CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - F Devillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Département de Génétique et Procréation; Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - G Vieville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Département de Génétique et Procréation; Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - F Amblard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Département de Génétique et Procréation; Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - G Lopez
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique et Procréation; Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - P-S Jouk
- Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique et Procréation; Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - V Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Département de Génétique et Procréation; Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble; Grenoble France
- Equipe “Génétique, Infertilité et Thérapeutique”; Laboratoire AGIM, CNRS FRE3405; Grenoble France
- Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
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10
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Ben Khelifa M, Coutton C, Blum MGB, Abada F, Harbuz R, Zouari R, Guichet A, May-Panloup P, Mitchell V, Rollet J, Triki C, Merdassi G, Vialard F, Koscinski I, Viville S, Keskes L, Soulie JP, Rives N, Dorphin B, Lestrade F, Hesters L, Poirot C, Benzacken B, Jouk PS, Satre V, Hennebicq S, Arnoult C, Lunardi J, Ray PF. Identification of a new recurrent Aurora kinase C mutation in both European and African men with macrozoospermia. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:3337-46. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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11
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Coutton C, Vieville G, Satre V, Devillard F, Amblard F. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) et sondes « à façon » entièrement synthétiques. Guide pratique, recommandations et expérience au CHU de Grenoble. Ing Rech Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Coutton C, Zouari R, Abada F, Ben Khelifa M, Merdassi G, Triki C, Escalier D, Hesters L, Mitchell V, Levy R, Sermondade N, Boitrelle F, Vialard F, Satre V, Hennebicq S, Jouk PS, Arnoult C, Lunardi J, Ray PF. MLPA and sequence analysis of DPY19L2 reveals point mutations causing globozoospermia. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2549-58. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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13
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Ray PF, Pierre V, Martinez G, Coutton C, Delaroche J, Novella C, Pernet-Gallay K, Hennebicq S, Arnoult C, Rivera R, Meseguer M, Romany L, Pellicer A, Remohi J, Garrido N, Ozturk S, Kayisli-Guzeloglu O, Sozen B, Demir N, Ilbay O, Lalioti DM, Seli E, Chiu PCN, Lee CL, Zhao W, Huang VWX, Lam KKW, Ho PC, Yeung WSB, Subramani E, Basu H, Chattopadhyay R, Mathur D, Chakravarty BN, Chaudhury K, Alhalabi M, Samawi S, Khalaf M, Khatib A, Sharif J, Hamad W, Othman A, Breznik B, Kovacic B, Vlaisavljevic B. SESSION 72: CLINICAL AND BASIC ANDROLOGY 2. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
It has been clearly demonstrated that cellular antigens (HLA, beta 2-microglobulin) are incorporated at the virion surface. The same epitope derived from beta 2-microglobulin is presented on all virus isolates. The peptide was identified by blocking the neutralizing capacity of a monoclonal antibody directed to R7V epitope: using this peptide for developing an ELISA, we have detected antibodies in nonprogressor patients with neutralizing property to laboratory strains and primary isolates. Purified anti-R7V antibodies immunoprecipitate all HIV isolates at concentration dependent. R7V is immunogenic after rabbit immunization and induces HIV immunoprecipitating and neutralizing antibodies. The patient's as well as the immunized rabbit antibodies did not bind to any cell. No autoimmune disease is found in nonprogressor patients. For all these reasons, R7V is a good candidate for an universal AIDS vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Galéa
- INSERM Unité 322, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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15
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Coutton C, Chermann JC. In vitro study of Seraspenide on HIV-induced inhibition of granulopoiesis. Eur J Haematol 1997; 59:184-9. [PMID: 9310127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1997.tb00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Soluble(s) factor(s) produced by HIV-infected cells have been implicated in bone marrow dysfunction observed in AIDS patients. We have shown previously that infected macrophage but not CBMC-derived conditioned medium inhibited the differentiation of purified CD34+ cells, suggesting that accessory cells play a crucial role in granulopoiesis inhibition induced indirectly by HIV. In order to prevent this inhibition we tested the potential protective effect of Seraspenide, a reversible inhibitor of hematopoietic progenitors. We showed that 20 h pretreatment of mononuclear cells with Seraspenide at 10(-10) mol/l prevents CFU-GM inhibition induced by HIV-infected cell-derived conditioned medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coutton
- INSERM U322, Unit of Retroviruses and Associated Diseases, Marseille, France
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16
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Coutton C, Guigon M, Bohbot A, Ferrani K, Oberling F. Photoprotection of normal human hematopoietic progenitors by the tetrapeptide N-AcSDKP. Exp Hematol 1994; 22:1076-80. [PMID: 7925774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The tetrapeptide AcSDKP (Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro) is a reversible inhibitor of normal human hematopoietic progenitor growth. In this paper, we report that preincubation of bone-marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) with AcSDKP at 10(-10) M for 20 hours protects the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) progenitors against photofrin II-mediated phototherapy. This protective effect was observed after short-term exposure to photofrin (2.5 micrograms/mL) and irradiation by high-energy doses at 514 nm. Nevertheless, AcSD-KP, which has no effect on leukemic cell proliferation, does not protect the HL-60 and K-562 leukemic cell lines against photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coutton
- Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Hospices civils, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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