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Gabrielse G, Glowacz B, Grzonka D, Hamley CD, Hessels EA, Jones N, Khatri G, Lee SA, Meisenhelder C, Morrison T, Nottet E, Rasor C, Ronald S, Skinner T, Storry CH, Tardiff E, Yost D, Martinez Zambrano D, Zielinski M. Lyman-α source for laser cooling antihydrogen. Opt Lett 2018; 43:2905-2908. [PMID: 29905720 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a Lyman-α laser developed for cooling trapped antihydrogen. The system is based on a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser operating at 729 nm that is frequency doubled using an LBO crystal and then frequency tripled in a Kr/Ar gas cell. After frequency conversion, this system produces up to 5.7 μW of average power at the Lyman-α wavelength. This laser is part of the ATRAP experiment at the antiproton decelerator in CERN.
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DiSciacca J, Marshall M, Marable K, Gabrielse G, Ettenauer S, Tardiff E, Kalra R, Fitzakerley DW, George MC, Hessels EA, Storry CH, Weel M, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Sefzick T. One-particle measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:130801. [PMID: 23581304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.130801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For the first time a single trapped antiproton (p) is used to measure the p magnetic moment μ(p). The moment μ(p)=μ(p)S/(ℏ/2) is given in terms of its spin S and the nuclear magneton (μ(N)) by μ(p)/μ(N)=-2.792 845±0.000 012. The 4.4 parts per million (ppm) uncertainty is 680 times smaller than previously realized. Comparing to the proton moment measured using the same method and trap electrodes gives μ(p)/μ(p)=-1.000 000±0.000 005 to 5 ppm, for a proton moment μ(p)=μ(p)S/(ℏ/2), consistent with the prediction of the CPT theorem.
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Affiliation(s)
- J DiSciacca
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Gabrielse G, Kalra R, Kolthammer WS, McConnell R, Richerme P, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Sefzick T, Zielinski M, Fitzakerley DW, George MC, Hessels EA, Storry CH, Weel M, Müllers A, Walz J. Trapped antihydrogen in its ground state. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:113002. [PMID: 22540471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antihydrogen atoms (H¯) are confined in an Ioffe trap for 15-1000 s-long enough to ensure that they reach their ground state. Though reproducibility challenges remain in making large numbers of cold antiprotons (p¯) and positrons (e(+)) interact, 5±1 simultaneously confined ground-state atoms are produced and observed on average, substantially more than previously reported. Increases in the number of simultaneously trapped H¯ are critical if laser cooling of trapped H¯ is to be demonstrated and spectroscopic studies at interesting levels of precision are to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Gabrielse G, Kolthammer WS, McConnell R, Richerme P, Kalra R, Novitski E, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Sefzick T, Zielinski M, Fitzakerley D, George MC, Hessels EA, Storry CH, Weel M, Müllers A, Walz J. Adiabatic cooling of antiprotons. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:073002. [PMID: 21405511 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adiabatic cooling is shown to be a simple and effective method to cool many charged particles in a trap to very low temperatures. Up to 3×10(6) p are cooled to 3.5 K-10(3) times more cold p and a 3 times lower p temperature than previously reported. A second cooling method cools p plasmas via the synchrotron radiation of embedded e(-) (with many fewer e(-) than p in preparation for adiabatic cooling. No p are lost during either process-a significant advantage for rare particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Gabrielse G, Kolthammer WS, McConnell R, Richerme P, Wrubel J, Kalra R, Novitski E, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Sefzick T, Zielinski M, Borbely JS, Fitzakerley D, George MC, Hessels EA, Storry CH, Weel M, Müllers A, Walz J, Speck A. Centrifugal separation of antiprotons and electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:213002. [PMID: 21231298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.213002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal separation of antiprotons and electrons is observed, the first such demonstration with particles that cannot be laser cooled or optically imaged. The spatial separation takes place during the electron cooling of trapped antiprotons, the only method available to produce cryogenic antiprotons for precision tests of fundamental symmetries and for cold antihydrogen studies. The centrifugal separation suggests a new approach for isolating low energy antiprotons and for producing a controlled mixture of antiprotons and electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Gabrielse G, Larochelle P, Le Sage D, Levitt B, Kolthammer WS, McConnell R, Richerme P, Wrubel J, Speck A, George MC, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Sefzick T, Zhang Z, Carew A, Comeau D, Hessels EA, Storry CH, Weel M, Walz J. Antihydrogen production within a Penning-Ioffe trap. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:113001. [PMID: 18517780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Slow antihydrogen (H) is produced within a Penning trap that is located within a quadrupole Ioffe trap, the latter intended to ultimately confine extremely cold, ground-state H[over ] atoms. Observed H[over ] atoms in this configuration resolve a debate about whether positrons and antiprotons can be brought together to form atoms within the divergent magnetic fields of a quadrupole Ioffe trap. The number of detected H atoms actually increases when a 400 mK Ioffe trap is turned on.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Gabrielse G, Larochelle P, Le Sage D, Levitt B, Kolthammer WS, Kuljanishvili I, McConnell R, Wrubel J, Esser FM, Glückler H, Grzonka D, Hansen G, Martin S, Oelert W, Schillings J, Schmitt M, Sefzick T, Soltner H, Zhang Z, Comeau D, George MC, Hessels EA, Storry CH, Weel M, Speck A, Nillius F, Walz J, Hänsch TW. Antiproton confinement in a Penning-Ioffe trap for antihydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:113002. [PMID: 17501048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antiprotons (p[over]) remain confined in a Penning trap, in sufficient numbers to form antihydrogen (H[over ) atoms via charge exchange, when the radial field of a quadrupole Ioffe trap is added. This first demonstration with p[over] suggests that quadrupole Ioffe traps can be superimposed upon p[over] and e(+) traps to attempt the capture of H[over] atoms as they form, contrary to conclusions of previous analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Storry CH, Speck A, Le Sage D, Guise N, Gabrielse G, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Schepers G, Sefzick T, Pittner H, Herrmann M, Walz J, Hänsch TW, Comeau D, Hessels EA. First laser-controlled antihydrogen production. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:263401. [PMID: 15697977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.263401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are used for the first time to control the production of antihydrogen (H ). Sequential, resonant charge exchange collisions are involved in a method that is very different than the only other method used so far-producing slow H during positron cooling of antiprotons in a nested Penning trap. Two attractive features are that the laser frequencies determine the H binding energy, and that the production of extremely cold H should be possible in principle-likely close to what is needed for confinement in a trap, as needed for precise laser spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Storry
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Gabrielse G, Speck A, Storry CH, LeSage D, Guise N, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Schepers G, Sefzick T, Pittner H, Walz J, Hänsch TW, Comeau D, Hessels EA. First measurement of the velocity of slow antihydrogen atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:073401. [PMID: 15324235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The speed of antihydrogen atoms is deduced from the fraction that passes through an oscillating electric field without ionizing. The weakly bound atoms used for this first demonstration travel about 20 times more rapidly than the average thermal speed of the antiprotons from which they form, if these are in thermal equilibrium with their 4.2 K container. The method should be applicable to much more deeply bound states, which may well be moving more slowly, and should aid the quest to lower the speed of the atoms as required if they are to be trapped for precise spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Gabrielse G, Bowden NS, Oxley P, Speck A, Storry CH, Tan JN, Wessels M, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Schepers G, Sefzick T, Walz J, Pittner H, Hänsch TW, Hessels EA. Driven production of cold antihydrogen and the first measured distribution of antihydrogen states. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:233401. [PMID: 12485006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.233401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold antihydrogen is produced when antiprotons are repeatedly driven into collisions with cold positrons within a nested Penning trap. Efficient antihydrogen production takes place during many cycles of positron cooling of antiprotons. A first measurement of a distribution of antihydrogen states is made using a preionizing electric field between separated production and detection regions. Surviving antihydrogen is stripped in an ionization well that captures and stores the freed antiproton for background-free detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Gabrielse G, Bowden NS, Oxley P, Speck A, Storry CH, Tan JN, Wessels M, Grzonka D, Oelert W, Schepers G, Sefzick T, Walz J, Pittner H, Hänsch TW, Hessels EA. Background-free observation of cold antihydrogen with field-ionization analysis of its states. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:213401. [PMID: 12443407 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.213401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A background-free observation of cold antihydrogen atoms is made using field ionization followed by antiproton storage, a detection method that provides the first experimental information about antihydrogen atomic states. More antihydrogen atoms can be field ionized in an hour than all the antimatter atoms that have been previously reported, and the production rate per incident high energy antiproton is higher than ever observed. The high rate and the high Rydberg states suggest that the antihydrogen is formed via three-body recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gabrielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Storry CH, George MC, Hessels EA. Precision microwave measurement of the 2 3P1-2 3P2 interval in atomic helium. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:3274-3277. [PMID: 11019068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The 2 3P1-to- 2 3P2 interval in atomic helium is measured using a thermal beam of metastable helium atoms excited to the 2 3P state using a 1.08-&mgr;m diode laser. The 2 3P1-to- 2 3P2 transition is driven by 2.29-GHz microwaves in a coaxial transmission line. Our result of 2 291 174.0+/-1.4 kHz is the most precise measurement of helium 2 3P fine structure. This measurement plays a key role in obtaining a new value for the fine-structure constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- CH Storry
- Department of Physics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Storry CH, Rothery NE, Hessels EA. Precision separated-oscillatory-field measurement of the n=10 F3-+G4 interval in helium: A precision test of long-range relativistic, radiative, and retardation effects. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:3249-3252. [PMID: 10059536 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Rothery NE, Storry CH, Hessels EA. Precision radio-frequency measurements of the high-L Rydberg states of lithium. Phys Rev A 1995; 51:2919-2925. [PMID: 9911923 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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