Highlighting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak by routine genomic typing

Whole genome sequencing has become the gold standard for any microbiological investigations. Taking the opportunity to doing it prospectively and routinely allowed to detect undeclared outbreaks. Thanks to that, we investigated and ended a rare epidemic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST584 strain on two intensive care units over a 4-month period.

[Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis]

INTRODUCTION

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. Early recognition and diagnosis have become a major focus in improving the management and outcomes of this life-threatening disease.

BACKGROUND

IPA typically occurs during a period of severe and prolonged neutropenia. However, solid organ transplant recipients, patients under immunosuppressive therapy or hospitalized in intensive care units are also at risk. The diagnosis is suspected in the presence of a combination of clinical, biological and CT scan evidence. The microbiological diagnostic strategy should be adapted to the patient's profile. Conventional methods with culture and species identification remain the standard but early diagnosis has been improved by the use of biomarkers such as galactomannan antigen in serum or in bronchoalveolar lavage.

OUTLOOK

The epidemiology of IPA should change with the increased use of antifungal prophylactic regimens and the arrival of targeted therapies. Other microbiological tools, such as PCR and other biomarkers, are currently being assessed.

CONCLUSIONS

IPA must be considered in a wide range of patients. Its prognosis remains poor despite progress in the microbiological diagnosis and therapeutic management.