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Keller PS, Catalán N, von Schiller D, Grossart HP, Koschorreck M, Obrador B, Frassl MA, Karakaya N, Barros N, Howitt JA, Mendoza-Lera C, Pastor A, Flaim G, Aben R, Riis T, Arce MI, Onandia G, Paranaíba JR, Linkhorst A, Del Campo R, Amado AM, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Brothers S, Condon J, Mendonça RF, Reverey F, Rõõm EI, Datry T, Roland F, Laas A, Obertegger U, Park JH, Wang H, Kosten S, Gómez R, Feijoó C, Elosegi A, Sánchez-Montoya MM, Finlayson CM, Melita M, Oliveira Junior ES, Muniz CC, Gómez-Gener L, Leigh C, Zhang Q, Marcé R. Global CO 2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2126. [PMID: 32358532 PMCID: PMC7195363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Many inland waters exhibit complete or partial desiccation, or have vanished due to global change, exposing sediments to the atmosphere. Yet, data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from these sediments are too scarce to upscale emissions for global estimates or to understand their fundamental drivers. Here, we present the results of a global survey covering 196 dry inland waters across diverse ecosystem types and climate zones. We show that their CO2 emissions share fundamental drivers and constitute a substantial fraction of the carbon cycled by inland waters. CO2 emissions were consistent across ecosystem types and climate zones, with local characteristics explaining much of the variability. Accounting for such emissions increases global estimates of carbon emissions from inland waters by 6% (~0.12 Pg C y-1). Our results indicate that emissions from dry inland waters represent a significant and likely increasing component of the inland waters carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Keller
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - N Catalán
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
- Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - D von Schiller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H-P Grossart
- Department Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Neuglobsow, Germany
- Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Koschorreck
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - B Obrador
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Frassl
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - N Karakaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - N Barros
- Biology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J A Howitt
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - C Mendoza-Lera
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Pastor
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Flaim
- Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - R Aben
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T Riis
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M I Arce
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - G Onandia
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - J R Paranaíba
- Biology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A Linkhorst
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Del Campo
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A M Amado
- Biology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - S Cauvy-Fraunié
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Brothers
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - J Condon
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - R F Mendonça
- Biology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F Reverey
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - E-I Rõõm
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Datry
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Roland
- Biology Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A Laas
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - U Obertegger
- Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - J-H Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - S Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Gómez
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Feijoó
- Programa Biogeoquímica de Ecosistemas Dulceacuícolas (BED), Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu), Luján, Argentina
| | - A Elosegi
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - C M Finlayson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia
- IHE Delft, Institite for Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - M Melita
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Montelibretti (Rome), Italy
| | - E S Oliveira Junior
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Center of Etnoecology, Limnology and Biodiversity, Laboratory of Ichthyology of the Pantanal North, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - C C Muniz
- Center of Etnoecology, Limnology and Biodiversity, Laboratory of Ichthyology of the Pantanal North, University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - L Gómez-Gener
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Leigh
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Mathematical Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical & Statistical Frontiers (ACEMS), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Q Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology (NIGLAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - R Marcé
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
- Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Wechalekar H, Setchell BP, Breed WG, Ricci M, Leigh C, Peirce E. 437. Whole body heat stress induces selective germ cell apoptosis in mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/srb08abs437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In scrotal mammals, heat stress (43°C/ 20 min) to the scrotum results in germ cell death in the testes1, abnormal spermatozoa, and infertility2 whereas two days of whole body heating (36°C, 12 h/ day) reduces testes weight, sperm numbers and fertility3. The aim of the present study was to determine the intratesticular effects of whole body heating on germ cell maturation and apoptosis. Methods: C57BL/6 mice (n = 16) were housed at 37–38°C for 8 h/ day for 3 days while controls (n = 4) were kept at 23–24°C. Animals from heat treated (n = 4), and control groups (n = 1) were sacrificed at 16 h, 7, 14 and 21 days post exposure to heat. Testes were weighed and analysed by t-test. In testes from each animal, two sections 70µm apart were end labelled for TdT-mediated-dUTP nick (TUNEL). Apoptosis was determined in 200 seminiferous tubules by a colour threshold set in the particle analysis program (Olympus).The tubules were staged as I-VI (early), VII-VIII, IX-X and XI-XII (late) and results analysed using Wilcoxon test. Results: The weights of testes were significantly reduced in heat-treated animals (P < 0.05) at 16 h, 7 and 14 days with no significant difference at 21 days. Apoptosis was significantly higher in the heat-treated group in stages I-VI and XI-XII at 16 h, 7 and 14 days (P < 0.05). In addition, in stages VII-VIII and IX-X apoptosis was significantly higher at 16 h (P < 0.05) with no statistical difference between other time intervals. By day 21, the levels of apoptosis did not differ significantly from the controls in any of the stages (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Whole body heat stress can induce stage and cell specific degeneration of the germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. The germ cells undergoing apoptosis are spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and early spermatids. In addition, heat stress produces significant apoptosis of germ cells in the hormone dependent stages VII-VIII immediately after heat stress.
(1) Rockett, J.C. et al. (2001) Biol. Reprod. 65:229–239.
(2) Banks, S. et al. (2005) Reproduction 129:505–514.
(3) Yaeram, J. et al. (2006) Reprod. Fert. Dev. 18:647–653.
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