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Fu Q, Verma N, Hsiao BS, Medellin-Rodriguez F, Beaucage PA, Stafford CM, Ocko BM. X-ray Scattering Studies of Reverse Osmosis Materials. Synchrotron Radiat News 2020; 33:10.1080/08940886.2020.1784700. [PMID: 34121807 PMCID: PMC8194099 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2020.1784700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - N Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - B S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - P A Beaucage
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - C M Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - B M Ocko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Upton, New York, USA
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Campo J, Piao Y, Lam S, Stafford CM, Streit JK, Simpson JR, Hight Walker AR, Fagan JA. Enhancing single-wall carbon nanotube properties through controlled endohedral filling. Nanoscale Horiz 2016; 1:317-324. [PMID: 32260652 DOI: 10.1039/c6nh00062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical control of the endohedral volume of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via liquid-phase filling is established to be a facile strategy to controllably modify properties of SWCNTs in manners significant for processing and proposed applications. Encapsulation of over 20 different compounds with distinct chemical structures, functionalities, and effects is demonstrated in SWCNTs of multiple diameter ranges, with the ability to fill the endohedral volume based on the availability of the core volume and compatibility of the molecule's size with the cross-section of the nanotube's cavity. Through exclusion of ingested water and selection of the endohedral chemical environment, significant improvements to the optical properties of dispersed SWCNTs such as narrowed optical transition linewidths and enhanced fluorescence intensities are observed. Examples of tailoring modified properties towards applications or improved processing by endohedral passivation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Campo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Science and Engineering Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899.
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Hobbie EK, Simien DO, Fagan JA, Huh JY, Chung JY, Hudson SD, Obrzut J, Douglas JF, Stafford CM. Wrinkling and strain softening in single-wall carbon nanotube membranes. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:125505. [PMID: 20366547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear elasticity of thin supported membranes assembled from length purified single-wall carbon nanotubes is analyzed through the wrinkling instability that develops under uniaxial compression. In contrast with thin polymer films, pristine nanotube membranes exhibit strong softening under finite strain associated with bond slip and network fracture. We model the response as a shift in percolation threshold generated by strain-induced nanotube alignment in accordance with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Hobbie
- Department of Physics, Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
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Johnson WL, Kim SA, Geiss R, Flannery CM, Soles CL, Wang C, Stafford CM, Wu WL, Torres JM, Vogt BD, Heyliger PR. Elastic constants and dimensions of imprinted polymeric nanolines determined from Brillouin light scattering. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:75703. [PMID: 20081293 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/7/075703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elastic constants and cross-sectional dimensions of imprinted nanolines of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on silicon substrates are determined nondestructively from finite-element inversion analysis of dispersion curves of hypersonic acoustic modes of these nanolines measured with Brillouin light scattering. The results for the cross-sectional dimensions, under the simplifying assumption of vertical sides and a semicircular top, are found to be consistent with dimensions determined from critical-dimension small-angle x-ray scattering measurements. The elastic constants C(11) and C(44) are found to be, respectively, 11.6% and 3.1% lower than their corresponding values for bulk PMMA. This result is consistent with the dimensional dependence of the quasi-static Young's modulus determined from buckling measurements on PMMA films with lower molecular weights. This study provides the first evidence of size-dependent effects on hypersonic elastic properties of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Johnson
- Materials Reliability Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Ludwigs S, Schmidt K, Stafford CM, Amis EJ, Fasolka MJ, Karim A, Magerle R, Krausch G. Combinatorial Mapping of the Phase Behavior of ABC Triblock Terpolymers in Thin Films: Experiments. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ludwigs
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - K. Schmidt
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - C. M. Stafford
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - E. J. Amis
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - M. J. Fasolka
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - A. Karim
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - R. Magerle
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - G. Krausch
- Physikalische Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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Smith R, Stafford CM, Winefordner JD. Temperature profiles of turbulent hydrogen diffusion flames used in atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Anal Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ac60276a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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