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Walton T, Betancourt M, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Bodek A, Bravar A, Budd H, Bustamante M, Butkevich A, Martinez Caicedo D, Carneiro M, Castromonte C, Christy M, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Datta M, Devan J, Dytman S, Díaz G, Eberly B, Felix J, Fields L, Fine R, Fiorentini G, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gran R, Harris D, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Kleykamp J, Kordosky M, Kulagin S, Le T, Maher E, Manly S, Mann W, Marshall C, Martin Mari C, McFarland K, McGivern C, McGowan A, Messerly B, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín J, Mousseau J, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson J, Norrick A, Osta J, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick C, Perdue G, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome R, Ray H, Ren L, Rodrigues P, Ruterbories D, Schellman H, Schmitz D, Simon C, Snider F, Sobczyk J, Solano Salinas C, Tagg N, Tice B, Valencia E, Wolcott J, Wospakrik M, Zavala G, Zhang D, Ziemer B. Measurement of muon plus proton final states inνμinteractions on hydrocarbon at⟨Eν⟩=4.2 GeV. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.071301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tice BG, Datta M, Mousseau J, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Barrios Sazo MG, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bravar A, Brooks WK, Budd H, Bustamante MJ, Butkevich A, Martinez Caicedo DA, Castromonte CM, Christy ME, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Felix J, Fields L, Fiorentini GA, Gago AM, Gallagher H, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Jerkins M, Kafka T, Kordosky M, Kulagin SA, Le T, Maggi G, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martin Mari C, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rodrigues PA, Savage DG, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Simon C, Snider FD, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Valencia E, Velásquez JP, Walton T, Wolcott J, Zavala G, Zhang D, Ziemer BP. Measurement of ratios of νμ charged-current cross sections on C, Fe, and Pb to CH at neutrino energies 2-20 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:231801. [PMID: 24972195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.231801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of ν(μ) charged-current cross section ratios on carbon, iron, and lead relative to a scintillator (CH) using the fine-grained MINERvA detector exposed to the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The measurements utilize events of energies 2<E(ν)<20 GeV, with ⟨E(ν)⟩ = 8 GeV, which have a reconstructed μ(-) scattering angle less than 17° to extract ratios of inclusive total cross sections as a function of neutrino energy E(ν) and flux-integrated differential cross sections with respect to the Bjorken scaling variable x. These results provide the first high-statistics direct measurements of nuclear effects in neutrino scattering using different targets in the same neutrino beam. Measured cross section ratios exhibit a relative depletion at low x and enhancement at large x. Both become more pronounced as the nucleon number of the target nucleus increases. The data are not reproduced by GENIE, a conventional neutrino-nucleus scattering simulation, or by the alternative models for the nuclear dependence of inelastic scattering that are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Tice
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - M Datta
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Mousseau
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Aliaga
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA and Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - O Altinok
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M G Barrios Sazo
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana No. 5, Col. Centro. Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Bodek
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - A Bravar
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W K Brooks
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - H Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - M J Bustamante
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - A Butkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Martinez Caicedo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - C M Castromonte
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - M E Christy
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Chvojka
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - H da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - J Devan
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - S A Dytman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - G A Díaz
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - B Eberly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Felix
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - L Fields
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - G A Fiorentini
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - A M Gago
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - H Gallagher
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Gran
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - D A Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Higuera
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana No. 5, Col. Centro. Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - K Hurtado
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil and Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Apartado 31139 Lima, Peru
| | - M Jerkins
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, 1 University Station, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T Kafka
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Kordosky
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - S A Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Le
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - E Maher
- Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, 375 Church Street, North Adams, Massachusetts 01247, USA
| | - S Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - W A Mann
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - C M Marshall
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | | | - K S McFarland
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - C L McGivern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A M McGowan
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - J Miller
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - A Mislivec
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - J G Morfín
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Muhlbeier
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Norrick
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Osta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J L Palomino
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - V Paolone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Park
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - C E Patrick
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - G N Perdue
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | | | - R D Ransome
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - H Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - P A Rodrigues
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - D G Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Schellman
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - F D Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - N Tagg
- Department of Physics, Otterbein University, 1 South Grove Street, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA
| | - E Valencia
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana No. 5, Col. Centro. Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - J P Velásquez
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - T Walton
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Wolcott
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - G Zavala
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana No. 5, Col. Centro. Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - B P Ziemer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
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Tanriover B, Mohan S, Cohen DJ, Radhakrishnan J, Nickolas TL, Stone PW, Tsapepas DS, Crew RJ, Dube GK, Sandoval PR, Samstein B, Dogan E, Gaston RS, Tanriover JN, Ratner LE, Hardy MA, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Felix J, Fields L, Fiorentini GA, Gago AM, Gallagher H, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Jerkins M, Kafka T, Kordosky M, Kulagin SA, Le T, Maggi G, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martin Mari C, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rodrigues PA, Savage DG, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Simon C, Snider FD, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Valencia E, Velásquez JP, Walton T, Wolcott J, Zavala G, Zhang D, Ziemer BP. Kidneys at higher risk of discard: expanding the role of dual kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:404-15. [PMID: 24472195 PMCID: PMC4058786 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Half of the recovered expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys are discarded in the United States. A new kidney allocation system offers kidneys at higher risk of discard, Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI)>85%, to a wider geographic area to promote broader sharing and expedite utilization. Dual kidney transplantation (DKT) based on the KDPI is a potential option to streamline allocation of kidneys which otherwise would have been discarded. To assess the clinical utility of the KDPI in kidneys at higher risk of discard, we analyzed the OPTN/UNOS Registry that included the deceased donor kidneys recovered between 2002 and 2012. The primary outcomes were allograft survival, patient survival and discard rate based on different KDPI categories (<80%, 80-90% and >90%). Kidneys with KDPI>90% were associated with increased odds of discard (OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.74-2.29) compared to ones with KDPI<80%. DKTs of KDPI>90% were associated with lower overall allograft failure (HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.89) and better patient survival (HR=0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98) compared to single ECD kidneys with KDPI>90%. Kidneys at higher risk of discard may be offered in the up-front allocation system as a DKT. Further modeling and simulation studies are required to determine a reasonable KDPI cutoff percentile.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Tanriover
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Corresponding author: Bekir Tanriover,
| | - S. Mohan
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - D. J. Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - J. Radhakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - T. L. Nickolas
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - P. W. Stone
- Center for Health Policy, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY
| | - D. S. Tsapepas
- Department of Pharmacy, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - R. J. Crew
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - G. K. Dube
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - P. R. Sandoval
- Renal and Pancreatic Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - B. Samstein
- Renal and Pancreatic Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - E. Dogan
- Division of Nephrology, Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - R. S. Gaston
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - L. E. Ratner
- Renal and Pancreatic Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - M. A. Hardy
- Renal and Pancreatic Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - J Chvojka
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - H da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - J Devan
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - S A Dytman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - G A Díaz
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - B Eberly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Felix
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - L Fields
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - G A Fiorentini
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - A M Gago
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - H Gallagher
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Gran
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - D A Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Higuera
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana No. 5, Col. Centro. Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - K Hurtado
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil and Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Apartado 31139 Lima, Peru
| | - M Jerkins
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, 1 University Station, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T Kafka
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M Kordosky
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - S A Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Le
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - E Maher
- Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, 375 Church Street, North Adams, Massachusetts 01247, USA
| | - S Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - W A Mann
- Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - C M Marshall
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | | | - K S McFarland
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - C L McGivern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A M McGowan
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - J Miller
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680 Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - A Mislivec
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - J G Morfín
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Muhlbeier
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Norrick
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Osta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J L Palomino
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - V Paolone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Park
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - C E Patrick
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - G N Perdue
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | | | - R D Ransome
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - H Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - P A Rodrigues
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - D G Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Schellman
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - D W Schmitz
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - F D Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - N Tagg
- Department of Physics, Otterbein University, 1 South Grove Street, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA
| | - E Valencia
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana No. 5, Col. Centro. Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - J P Velásquez
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru
| | - T Walton
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Wolcott
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14610, USA
| | - G Zavala
- Campus León y Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lascurain de Retana No. 5, Col. Centro. Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - B P Ziemer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
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