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Aina OO, Busari AA, Oladele DA, Esezobor C, Akase IE, Okwuraiwe AP, Okoyenta CO, Otrofanowei E, James AB, Bamidele TA, Olopade OB, Ajibaye O, Musa AZ, Salako AO, Agabi OP, Olakiigbe AK, Akintan PE, Amoo OS, Ima-Edomwonyi E, Raheem TY, David AN, Akinbode GO, Nmadu N, Osuolale KA, Fadipe B, Abiola A, Tade T, Audu RA, Adeyemo WL, Ezechi OC, Bode C, Salako BL. Preliminary Study on Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate for the Treatment of Persons Infected with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1049-1059. [PMID: 37906618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of COVID-19 is a leading cause of ill-health and deaths worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 has no known widely approved therapeutics. Thus, the need for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the safety and efficacy of two (2) therapeutic agents; chloroquine phosphate (CQ), 2- hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and a control (standard supportive therapy) among hospitalized adults with COVID-19. METHODS The clinical trial was done in accordance to the World Health Organization master protocol for investigational therapeutics for COVID-19. Atotal of 40 participants with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 were enrolled. Blood samples and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were obtained on days 1,3,15 and 29 for safety and efficacy assessments. RESULTS The baseline demographics showed that the median ages in years (range) were 45 (31-57) in CQ, 45 (36.5-60.5) in HCQ, 43 (39.5-67.0) and 44.5 (25.3-51.3) in the control (P<0.042).At randomization, seven (7) participants were asymptomatic, thirty-three (33) had mild symptoms, eight (8) had moderate symptoms while three (3) had severe symptoms. The average day of conversion to negative COVID-19 was 15.5 days for CQ, 16 days for HCQ and 18 days for the control(P=0.036). CONCLUSION The safety assessment revealed no adverse effect of the drugs in COVID-19 patients after treatment. These findings proved that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are effective for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. It also confirmed that they are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Aina
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - D A Oladele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Esezobor
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I E Akase
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A P Okwuraiwe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C O Okoyenta
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Otrofanowei
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A B James
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T A Bamidele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O B Olopade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ajibaye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O P Agabi
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A K Olakiigbe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - P E Akintan
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O S Amoo
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Ima-Edomwonyi
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Y Raheem
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A N David
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - G O Akinbode
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N Nmadu
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Fadipe
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Abiola
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Tade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - W L Adeyemo
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O C Ezechi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Bode
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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