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Casaux ML, Neto WS, Schild CO, Costa RA, Macías-Rioseco M, Caffarena RD, Silveira CS, Aráoz V, Díaz BD, Giannitti F, Fraga M. Epidemiological and clinicopathological findings in 15 fatal outbreaks of salmonellosis in dairy calves and virulence genes in the causative Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Dublin strains. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:475-490. [PMID: 36602750 PMCID: PMC9943839 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a major food-borne pathogen that affects cattle-rearing systems worldwide. Little information is available on the epidemiology and pathology of salmonellosis and the virulence genes (VGs) carried by Salmonella in spontaneous outbreaks in cattle. We describe epidemiological findings in 15 fatal outbreaks of salmonellosis in Uruguayan dairy farms and the age, clinical signs, and pathology in 20 affected calves. We also describe the serotypes and frequencies of 17 VGs in the causative Salmonella strains and explore their associations with epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings. Salmonella Typhimurium and Dublin were identified in 11/15 and 4/15 outbreaks, respectively. The most frequent reason for consultation was digestive disease (8 outbreaks caused by S. Typhimurium), followed by sudden death (4 outbreaks, 3 caused by S. Dublin). Morbidity, mortality, and lethality ranged 4.8-100%, 3.8-78.9%, and 10-100%, without significant differences between serotypes. Diarrhea, the most common clinical sign (14 cases), was associated with the Typhimurium serotype (OR = 26.95), especially in ≤ 30-day-old calves with fibrinous enteritis as the main autopsy finding. The Dublin serotype affected ≥ 50-day-old calves and was associated with fibrinosuppurative splenitis (p = 0.01) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (OR = 48.95). The chances of the Dublin serotype increased significantly with age. There was low variability of VG across serotypes. The pefA gene was associated with the Typhimurium serotype (OR = 21.95), macroscopic enteritis (p = 0.03), and microscopic fibrinosuppurative splenitis (p = 0.04). Understanding the epidemiology, pathology, and virulence of S. enterica at the farm level is key to delineating prevention and control strategies to mitigate its impact on animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - W Santiago Neto
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - C O Schild
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - R A Costa
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - M Macías-Rioseco
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
- California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS) Laboratory, Tulare Branch, University of California at Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - R D Caffarena
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
- Unidad Académica Salud de los Rumiantes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C S Silveira
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - V Aráoz
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - B Doncel Díaz
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - M Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay.
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Portilho-Ramos RC, Cruz APS, Barbosa CF, Rathburn AE, Mulitza S, Venancio IM, Schwenk T, Rühlemann C, Vidal L, Chiessi CM, Silveira CS. Methane release from the southern Brazilian margin during the last glacial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5948. [PMID: 29654329 PMCID: PMC5899165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafloor methane release can significantly affect the global carbon cycle and climate. Appreciable quantities of methane are stored in continental margin sediments as shallow gas and hydrate deposits, and changes in pressure, temperature and/or bottom-currents can liberate significant amounts of this greenhouse gas. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of marine methane deposits and their relationships to environmental change are critical for assessing past and future carbon cycle and climate change. Here we present foraminiferal stable carbon isotope and sediment mineralogy records suggesting for the first time that seafloor methane release occurred along the southern Brazilian margin during the last glacial period (40-20 cal ka BP). Our results show that shallow gas deposits on the southern Brazilian margin responded to glacial-interglacial paleoceanographic changes releasing methane due to the synergy of sea level lowstand, warmer bottom waters and vigorous bottom currents during the last glacial period. High sea level during the Holocene resulted in an upslope shift of the Brazil Current, cooling the bottom waters and reducing bottom current strength, reducing methane emissions from the southern Brazilian margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Portilho-Ramos
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Programa de Pós Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista S/N, 24020-141, Niterói RJ, Brazil. .,Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago 562, 05508-080, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - A P S Cruz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista S/N, 24020-141, Niterói RJ, Brazil
| | - C F Barbosa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista S/N, 24020-141, Niterói RJ, Brazil
| | - A E Rathburn
- Department of Geological Sciences, California State University Bakersfield, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | - S Mulitza
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - I M Venancio
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil
| | - T Schwenk
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - C Rühlemann
- BGR - Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Vidal
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - C M Chiessi
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - C S Silveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista S/N, 24020-141, Niterói RJ, Brazil
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Debur MC, Vidal LR, Stroparo E, Nogueira MB, Almeida SM, Takahashi GA, Rotta I, Pereira LA, Silveira CS, Bonfim CM, Raboni SM. Human metapneumovirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2009; 12:173-9. [PMID: 19878491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2009.00465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was described in 2001 and has been associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infection (URTI and LRTI, respectively), especially in children, the elderly, and in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this study was to identify hMPV as the etiological agent of acute respiratory infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients and to determine the clinical features of hMPV infection in these patients. METHODS The study was performed retrospectively in 769 respiratory samples obtained from immunocompromised patients submitted to HSCT over a period of 6 years. RNA was extracted by the guanidinium thiocyanate method, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to amplify a 928pb fragment of the hMPV N gene. RESULTS hMPV was present in 19 (2.5%) samples. The mean age of infected patients was 18.3+/-10.8 (range, 3-41). Sixty-six percent of hMPV infections occurred during autumn, winter, and spring months. Three episodes showed co-infection with more than 1 virus. Two patients (11.1%) were infected a few days into the conditioning period and 9 (50%) in the first 3 months after the transplant. The majority of patients (72.2%) presented URTI alone with flu-like symptoms (cough, fever, headache, wheezing), while 5 patients (27.8%) had LRTI (pneumonia). No patient died from complications associated with the hMPV infection. CONCLUSIONS hMPV has been reported as a respiratory pathogen in HSCT patients. We suggest that hMPV infection should be routinely investigated in this population, mainly in children, to prevent nosocomial transmission during transplant proceedings and to avoid the risk of progressing to complications due to LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Debur
- Laboratory of Virology, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Silva CG, Herdeiro RS, Mathias CJ, Panek AD, Silveira CS, Rodrigues VP, Rennó MN, Falcão DQ, Cerqueira DM, Minto ABM, Nogueira FLP, Quaresma CH, Silva JFM, Menezes FS, Eleutherio ECA. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Brazilian plants. Pharmacol Res 2005; 52:229-33. [PMID: 15896976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 22 alcoholic extracts, obtained from 14 species of plants belonging to four families, used for different food and medicinal purposes in Brazil, were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the reduction of the free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, an eukaryotic cell model, against the lethal oxidative stress caused by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH). Five extracts, two from Lamiaceae family (ethanol and butanol extracts from aerial parts of Hyptis fasciculata) and three from Palmae family (Copernicia cerifera leaves and mesocarp of fruits and the endocarp/mesocarp of fruits from Orbignya speciosa) were able to increase the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to TBH and showed to be active as DPPH radical scavengers, thus indicating that these plant extracts could be considered as potential sources of antioxidants. With the exception of ethanol extract of H. fasciculata, the remainder four extracts exhibited a DPPH radical scavenging activity higher than that obtained from Ginkgo biloba, a reference plant with well documented antioxidant activity. Interestingly, the ethanol extract of G. biloba were not effective for yeast cell protection, reinforcing the antioxidant potential of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, UFRJ, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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