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Turk C, Turk S, Malkan UY, Haznedaroglu IC. Three critical clinicobiological phases of the human SARS-associated coronavirus infections. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:8606-8620. [PMID: 32894568 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 immune syndrome is a multi-systemic disorder induced by the COVID-19 infection. Pathobiological transitions and clinical stages of the COVID-19 syndrome following the attack of SARS-CoV-2 on the human body have not been fully explored. The aim of this review is to outline the three critical prominent phase regarding the clinicogenomics course of the COVID-19 immune syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the clinical setting, the COVID-19 process presents as "asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic phase", "respiratory phase with mild/moderate/severe symptoms" and "multi-systemic clinical syndrome with impaired/disproportionate and/or defective immunity". The corresponding three genomic phases include the "ACE2, ANPEP transcripts in the initial phase", "EGFR and IGF2R transcripts in the propagating phase" and the "immune system related critical gene involvements of the complicating phase". RESULTS The separation of the phases is important since the genomic features of each phase are different from each other and these different mechanisms lead to distinct clinical multi-systemic features. Comprehensive genomic profiling with next generation sequencing may play an important role in defining and clarifying these three unique separate phases for COVID-19. From our point of view, it is important to understand these unique phases of the syndrome in order to approach a COVID-19 patient bedside. CONCLUSIONS This three-phase approach may be useful for future studies which will focus on the clinical management and development of the vaccines and/or specific drugs targeting the COVID-19 processes. ANPEP gene pathway may have a potential for the vaccine development. Regarding the specific disease treatments, MAS agonists, TXA127, Angiotensin (1-7) and soluble ACE2 could have therapeutic potential for the COVID-19 course. Moreover, future CRISPR technology can be utilized for the genomic editing and future management of the clinical course of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Turk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Yorke E, Kuo L, Cho J, Mak R, Garces Y, Perez B, Gomez D, Fontenla S, Czmielewski C, McKnight D, Gelb E, Leung S, Selesnick P, Smith L, Turk C, Kantor M, Zauderer M, Adusumilli P, Rusch V, Rimner A. Central Review of Contours and Treatment Plans for Hemithoracic Intensity-Modulated Pleural Radiation Therapy (IMPRINT) – Implementation and Lessons Learned from a Prospective Multicenter Phase II Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Theska F, Ceguerra AV, Turk C, Breen AJ, Ringer SP, Primig S. Correlative study of lattice imperfections in long-range ordered, nano-scale domains in a Fe-Co-Mo alloy. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 204:91-100. [PMID: 31132736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in data mining methods in atom probe microscopy have enabled new quantitative chemical and microstructural characterization beyond the standard three-dimensional reconstruction. For example, spatial distribution maps have been developed to enable visualisation of the local lattice occupation of a selected region of interest. However, the precision of such studies yet remains unknown as correlation with complementary methods would be required. Therefore, a correlative study of atom probe microscopy, neutron diffraction and microstructural modelling of long-range ordered, nano-scale domains in a well-researched Fe-Co-Mo Maraging-type steel is presented here. Its microstructure consists of Mo-enriched µ-phase (Fe,Co)7Mo6 particles embedded into a body-centred cubic FeCo matrix. Previous research has shown that under slow cooling conditions, this matrix partially decomposes into nano-scale B2 long-range ordered domains surrounded by disordered regions, resulting in reduced toughness in potential cutting applications. Usually, a long-range order parameter S referring to ideal B2 long-range order is assumed within such domains according to neutron diffraction. However, atom probe microscopy and modelling results presented in the current study indicate lattice imperfections with a partial substitution of atoms on the Fe- and Co-sublattices. After considering preferential retention effects during the atom probe experiment, a model unit cell is presented to define the observed imperfect B2 long-range order as pseudo-D03 long-range order, and the potential impact on the materials properties is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Theska
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - A V Ceguerra
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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- Voestalpine Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG, Mariazellerstraße 25, 8605 Kapfenberg, Austria
| | - A J Breen
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institute for Iron Research, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S P Ringer
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Primig
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Sicardy B, Colas F, Widemann T, Bellucci A, Beisker W, Kretlow M, Ferri F, Lacour S, Lecacheux J, Lellouch E, Pau S, Renner S, Roques F, Fienga A, Etienne C, Martinez C, Glass IS, Baba D, Nagayama T, Nagata T, Itting-Enke S, Bath KL, Bode HJ, Bode F, Lüdemann H, Lüdemann J, Neubauer D, Tegtmeier A, Tegtmeier C, Thomé B, Hund F, deWitt C, Fraser B, Jansen A, Jones T, Schoenau P, Turk C, Meintjies P, Hernandez M, Fiel D, Frappa E, Peyrot A, Teng JP, Vignand M, Hesler G, Payet T, Howell RR, Kidger M, Ortiz JL, Naranjo O, Rosenzweig P, Rapaport M. The two Titan stellar occultations of 14 November 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baumhueter S, Mendel DB, Conley PB, Kuo CJ, Turk C, Graves MK, Edwards CA, Courtois G, Crabtree GR. HNF-1 shares three sequence motifs with the POU domain proteins and is identical to LF-B1 and APF. Genes Dev 1990; 4:372-9. [PMID: 1970973 DOI: 10.1101/gad.4.3.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The coordinate expression of genes during development and differentiation is thought to be accomplished by common transcription factors operating on the promoters of families of coexpressed genes. HNF-1 is a transcriptional factor involved in the expression of genes in the liver and was originally defined as playing a major role in coordinating the expression of the linked fibrinogen genes. We have isolated cDNA clones for HNF-1 using oligonucleotides prepared to the sequence of the purified protein. The sequence of HNF-1 shares homeo domain, as well as short acidic and basic sequences with the POU family of transcriptional activators. Peptides from the protein interacting with the albumin proximal element, or B box (APF), and the factor interacting with the alpha 1-antitrypsin promoter (LF-B1) are found in the predicted sequence of HNF-1. HNF-1 mRNA is not present in the dedifferentiated hepatoma variant, C2, but reappears upon selection for gluconeogenesis coincident with the re-expression of liver-specific genes. Finally, the mRNA is not present in somatic cell hybrids in which liver-specific gene expression is extinguished. In contrast to earlier published results, we find that in addition to being present in the liver, HNF is expressed in the kidney, intestine, and spleen, but not in other tissues. This pattern of expression mirrors the complex pattern of expression of many genes, such as alpha-fetoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and fibrinogen, whose promoters contain HNF-1 sites. These data indicate that HNF-1 is a more broadly acting transcription factor than has been indicated by previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baumhueter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, California 94305-5428
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DeForrest JM, Waldron TL, Krapcho J, Turk C, Rubin B, Powell JR, Cushman DW, Petrillo EW. Preclinical pharmacology of zofenopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989; 13:887-94. [PMID: 2484083 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-198906000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zofenopril calcium (one-half calcium salt) is a prodrug ester analog of captopril whose biological effects are manifested by its active component, SQ 26,333. Because of the relative insolubilities of both zofenopril calcium and SQ 26,333, zofenopril potassium salt and SQ 26,703, the arginine salt of the active ACE (angiotensin I converting enzyme) inhibitory moiety of zofenopril, were employed in many of the following studies. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of zofenopril have been evaluated and comparisons have been made to captopril. In vitro, SQ 26,703 was more potent than captopril as an inhibitor of rabbit lung ACE (IC50 = 8 vs. 23 nM). SQ 26,703 was also a potent inhibitor of angiotensin I (AI)-induced contractions (EC50 = 3 nM) and a potentiator of bradykinin-induced contractions (EC50 = 1 nM) of isolated guinea pig ileum, while it had no effect on the inotropic effects of angiotensin II, BaCl2, PGE1, histamine, serotonin, or acetycholine in the same tissue, signifying that zofenopril is a specific inhibitor of ACE. In vivo, the potency of SQ 26,703 was equal to or greater than that of captopril as an inhibitor of an AI pressor response when given intravenously to rats, dogs, and monkeys. After oral administration of equimolar doses, zofenopril was the more effective and longer lasting ACE inhibitor in all three species. In SHR, doses of 6.6 and 22.0 mg/kg, p.o. lowered pressure by 20 and 33 mm Hg, respectively, while 30 mg/kg of captopril lowered pressure by 25 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J M DeForrest
- Department of Pharmacology, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
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Krapcho J, Turk C, Cushman DW, Powell JR, DeForrest JM, Spitzmiller ER, Karanewsky DS, Duggan M, Rovnyak G, Schwartz J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines. J Med Chem 1988; 31:1148-60. [PMID: 2836590 DOI: 10.1021/jm00401a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of captopril, enalaprilat, and the phosphinic acid [hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]acetyl]-L-proline incorporating 4-substituted proline derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro and in vivo. The 4-substituted prolines, incorporating alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, and arylthio substituents were prepared from derivatives of 4-hydroxy- and 4-ketoproline. In general, analogues of all three classes of inhibitors with hydrophobic substituents on proline were more potent in vitro than the corresponding unsubstituted proline compounds. 4-Substituted analogues of captopril showed greater potency and duration of action than the parent compound as inhibitors of the angiotensin I induced pressor response in normotensive rats. The S-benzoyl derivative of cis-4-(phenylthio)captopril, zofenopril, was found to be one of the most potent compounds of this class and is now being evaluated clinically as an antihypertensive agent. In the phosphinic acid series, the 4-ethylenethioketal and trans-4-cyclohexyl derivatives were found to be the most potent compounds in vitro and in vivo. A prodrug of the latter compound, fosinopril, is also being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krapcho
- Squibb Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
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Chapuis JL, Gavanou J, Lambert D, Oudot C, Turk C. [Monilethrix: value of the determination of urinary amino acids]. Lyon Med 1971; 225:642-643. [PMID: 5558870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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