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Li K, Zhang HD, Jian WX, Sun XM, Zhao L, Wang HJ, Zhuoma CZM, Wang YX, Xu ZH, Wang YF, Peng W. [Prevalence of obesity and its association with dietary patterns: a cohort study among Tibetan pastoralists in Qinghai Province]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:1257-1263. [PMID: 37661618 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20221225-01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To explore obesity prevalence and its association with dietary patterns among Tibetan pastoralists during the urbanization transition in Qinghai Province. Methods: Using an open cohort study design, 1 003 subjects were enrolled at baseline in 2018, 599 were followed up, and 1 012 were newly recruited in 2022. A total of 1 913 adults over 18 years were included in the study, and a questionnaire survey and health examination were conducted. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, and a mixed-effects model was used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity. Results: From 2018 to 2022, the prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 27.6%, 33.8%, and 54.6%, respectively. Age-sex-standardized prevalence of obesity and central obesity increased. Three dietary patterns were identified: the modern pattern was characterized by frequent consumption of pork, poultry, processed meat, fresh fruits, sugary drinks, salty snacks, etcetera; the urban pattern was characterized by frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates, beef and mutton, vegetables and eggs, etcetera; and pastoral pattern featured frequent consumption of tsamba, Tibetan cheese, buttered/milk tea, and whole-fat dairy products. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors, compared with the T1, subjects in the T3 of urban pattern scores were more likely to be overweight (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.10-3.95) and overweight/obese (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.00-1.51), whereas those in the T3 of pastoral pattern scores had a lower risk of overweight (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.24-0.84), obesity (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.69-0.95), overweight/obesity (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.61-0.91) and central obesity (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.38-0.89). Conclusions: Prevalence of obesity and central obesity was high among Tibetan pastoralists during the urbanization transition. Urban dietary pattern was a risk factor for overweight and overweight/obesity, whereas pastoral dietary pattern was a protective factor for overweight, obesity, overweight/obesity, and central obesity. Tailored interventions are needed to improve local people's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - H D Zhang
- Golmud Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Province, Golmud 816000, China
| | - W X Jian
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China
| | - X M Sun
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - L Zhao
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China
| | - H J Wang
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China
| | - C Z M Zhuoma
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Y X Wang
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Z H Xu
- Institute for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 810007, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - W Peng
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining 810008, China
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