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Olejnik M, Kersting M, Rosenkranz N, Loza K, Breisch M, Rostek A, Prymak O, Schürmeyer L, Westphal G, Köller M, Bünger J, Epple M, Sengstock C. Cell-biological effects of zinc oxide spheres and rods from the nano- to the microscale at sub-toxic levels. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:573-593. [PMID: 33205376 PMCID: PMC8384809 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide particles were synthesized in various sizes and shapes, i.e., spheres of 40-nm, 200-nm, and 500-nm diameter and rods of 40∙100 nm2 and 100∙400 nm2 (all PVP-stabilized and well dispersed in water and cell culture medium). Crystallographically, the particles consisted of the hexagonal wurtzite phase with a primary crystallite size of 20 to 100 nm. The particles showed a slow dissolution in water and cell culture medium (both neutral; about 10% after 5 days) but dissolved within about 1 h in two different simulated lysosomal media (pH 4.5 to 4.8). Cells relevant for respiratory exposure (NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages) were exposed to these particles in vitro. Viability, apoptosis, and cell activation (generation of reactive oxygen species, ROS, release of cytokines) were investigated in an in vitro lung cell model with respect to the migration of inflammatory cells. All particle types were rapidly taken up by the cells, leading to an increased intracellular zinc ion concentration. The nanoparticles were more cytotoxic than the microparticles and comparable with dissolved zinc acetate. All particles induced cell apoptosis, unlike dissolved zinc acetate, indicating a particle-related mechanism. Microparticles induced a stronger formation of reactive oxygen species than smaller particles probably due to higher sedimentation (cell-to-particle contact) of microparticles in contrast to nanoparticles. The effect of particle types on the cytokine release was weak and mainly resulted in a decrease as shown by a protein microarray. In the particle-induced cell migration assay (PICMA), all particles had a lower effect than dissolved zinc acetate. In conclusion, the biological effects of zinc oxide particles in the sub-toxic range are caused by zinc ions after intracellular dissolution, by cell-to-particle contacts, and by the uptake of zinc oxide particles into cells. Graphical headlights • The cytotoxicity of zinc oxide particles is mainly due to the intracellular release of zinc ions. • The size and shape of zinc oxide micro- and nanoparticles has only small effects on lung cells in the sub-toxic range. • Zinc oxide particles are rapidly taken up by cells, regardless of their size and shape. • Zinc oxide particles rapidly dissolve after cellular uptake in endolysosomes. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olejnik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Kersting
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - K Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Breisch
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Rostek
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - O Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Schürmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - G Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Köller
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - M Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - C Sengstock
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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El Arrassi A, Bellova P, Javid SM, Motemani Y, Khare C, Sengstock C, Köller M, Ludwig A, Tschulik K. A Unified Interdisciplinary Approach to Design Antibacterial Coatings for Fast Silver Release. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. El Arrassi
- Micro- & Nano-Electrochemistry and Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - P. Bellova
- Surgical Research; BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil; Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1 44789 Bochum Germany
| | - S. M. Javid
- Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Research Department; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Y. Motemani
- Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Research Department; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - C. Khare
- Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Research Department; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - C. Sengstock
- Surgical Research; BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil; Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1 44789 Bochum Germany
| | - M. Köller
- Surgical Research; BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil; Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1 44789 Bochum Germany
| | - A. Ludwig
- Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Research Department; Ruhr-University Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - K. Tschulik
- Micro- & Nano-Electrochemistry and Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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Helmlinger J, Sengstock C, Groß-Heitfeld C, Mayer C, Schildhauer TA, Köller M, Epple M. Silver nanoparticles with different size and shape: equal cytotoxicity, but different antibacterial effects. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27836h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of silver nanoparticle morphology on their dissolution kinetics in ultrapure water as well as their biological effect on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Helmlinger
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - C. Sengstock
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research
- Ruhr-University of Bochum
- 44789 Bochum
- Germany
| | - C. Groß-Heitfeld
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - C. Mayer
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - T. A. Schildhauer
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research
- Ruhr-University of Bochum
- 44789 Bochum
- Germany
| | - M. Köller
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research
- Ruhr-University of Bochum
- 44789 Bochum
- Germany
| | - M. Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)
- 45117 Essen
- Germany
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Loza K, Sengstock C, Chernousova S, Köller M, Epple M. The predominant species of ionic silver in biological media is colloidally dispersed nanoparticulate silver chloride. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04764h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Loza K, Diendorf J, Sengstock C, Ruiz-Gonzalez L, Gonzalez-Calbet JM, Vallet-Regi M, Köller M, Epple M. The dissolution and biological effects of silver nanoparticles in biological media. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1634-1643. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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