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McNamara RL, Spatz ES, Kelley TA, Stowell CJ, Beltrame J, Heidenreich P, Tresserras R, Jernberg T, Chua T, Morgan L, Panigrahi B, Rosas Ruiz A, Rumsfeld JS, Sadwin L, Schoeberl M, Shahian D, Weston C, Yeh R, Lewin J. Standardized Outcome Measurement for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Consensus From the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM). J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.001767. [PMID: 25991011 PMCID: PMC4599409 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes consistently improve when they are routinely measured and provided back to physicians and hospitals. However, few centers around the world systematically track outcomes, and no global standards exist. Furthermore, patient-centered outcomes and longitudinal outcomes are under-represented in current assessments. Methods and Results The nonprofit International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international Working Group to define a consensus standard set of outcome measures and risk factors for tracking, comparing, and improving the outcomes of CAD care. Members were drawn from 4 continents and 6 countries. Using a modified Delphi method, the ICHOM Working Group defined who should be tracked, what should be measured, and when such measurements should be performed. The ICHOM CAD consensus measures were designed to be relevant for all patients diagnosed with CAD, including those with acute myocardial infarction, angina, and asymptomatic CAD. Thirteen specific outcomes were chosen, including acute complications occurring within 30 days of acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, or percutaneous coronary intervention; and longitudinal outcomes for up to 5 years for patient-reported health status (Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ-7], elements of Rose Dyspnea Score, and Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-2]), cardiovascular hospital admissions, cardiovascular procedures, renal failure, and mortality. Baseline demographic, cardiovascular disease, and comorbidity information is included to improve the interpretability of comparisons. Conclusions ICHOM recommends that this set of outcomes and other patient information be measured for all patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L McNamara
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (R.L.M.N., E.S.S.) American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.)
| | - Erica S Spatz
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (R.L.M.N., E.S.S.) International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, MA (E.S.S., T.A.K., C.J.S.)
| | - Thomas A Kelley
- International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, MA (E.S.S., T.A.K., C.J.S.)
| | - Caleb J Stowell
- International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Cambridge, MA (E.S.S., T.A.K., C.J.S.)
| | - John Beltrame
- University of Adelaide, Australia (J.B.) Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (J.B.)
| | | | - Ricard Tresserras
- Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain (R.T., A.R.R.)
| | | | | | - Louise Morgan
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.)
| | | | - Alba Rosas Ruiz
- Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain (R.T., A.R.R.)
| | | | - Lawrence Sadwin
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.)
| | - Mark Schoeberl
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (R.L.M.N., L.M., L.S., M.S.)
| | - David Shahian
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.)
| | | | - Robert Yeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.S., R.Y.)
| | - Jack Lewin
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (J.L.)
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Ju T, Aryal RP, Stowell CJ, Cummings RD. Regulation of protein O-glycosylation by the endoplasmic reticulum-localized molecular chaperone Cosmc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 182:531-42. [PMID: 18695044 PMCID: PMC2500138 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200711151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory pathways for protein glycosylation are poorly understood, but expression of branchpoint enzymes is critical. A key branchpoint enzyme is the T-synthase, which directs synthesis of the common core 1 O-glycan structure (T-antigen), the precursor structure for most mucin-type O-glycans in a wide variety of glycoproteins. Formation of active T-synthase, which resides in the Golgi apparatus, requires a unique molecular chaperone, Cosmc, encoded on Xq24. Cosmc is the only molecular chaperone known to be lost through somatic acquired mutations in cells. We show that Cosmc is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–localized adenosine triphosphate binding chaperone that binds directly to human T-synthase. Cosmc prevents the aggregation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the T-synthase. These results demonstrate that Cosmc is a molecular chaperone in the ER required for this branchpoint glycosyltransferase function and show that expression of the disease-related Tn antigen can result from deregulation or loss of Cosmc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Lai CWJ, Ludtke PJ, Stowell CJ, Mabey AA, Willardson BM. Purification and characterization of the ternary complex between phosducin‐like protein, the G protein β subunit and the cytosolic chaperonin ‐ an important intermediate in the assembly of the G protein βγ dimer. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1044.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wan J Lai
- Chemistry and BiochemistryBrigham Young UniversityProvoUT
| | - Paul J. Ludtke
- Chemistry and BiochemistryBrigham Young UniversityProvoUT
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Stowell SR, Karmakar S, Stowell CJ, Dias-Baruffi M, McEver RP, Cummings RD. Human galectin-1, -2, and -4 induce surface exposure of phosphatidylserine in activated human neutrophils but not in activated T cells. Blood 2006; 109:219-27. [PMID: 16940423 PMCID: PMC1785076 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-007153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular turnover is associated with exposure of surface phosphatidylserine (PS) in apoptotic cells, leading to their phagocytic recognition and removal. But recent studies indicate that surface PS exposure is not always associated with apoptosis. Here we show that several members of the human galectin family of glycan binding proteins (galectins-1, -2, and -4) induce PS exposure in a carbohydrate-dependent fashion in activated, but not resting, human neutrophils and in several leukocyte cell lines. PS exposure is not associated with apoptosis in activated neutrophils. The exposure of PS in cell lines treated with these galectins is sustained and does not affect cell viability. Unexpectedly, these galectins bind well to activated T lymphocytes, but do not induce either PS exposure or apoptosis, indicating that galectin's effects are cell specific. These results suggest novel immunoregulatory contribution of galectins in regulating leukocyte turnover independently of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Stowell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Sougata Karmakar
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Caleb J. Stowell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Rodger P. McEver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; and
- Correspondence: Richard D. Cummings,
William Patterson Timmie Professor and Chair, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd # 4001, Atlanta, GA 30322; e-mail:
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