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Tinnirello V, Zizzo MG, Conigliaro A, Tabone M, Ganji NR, Cicio A, Bressa C, Larrosa M, Rappa F, Vergilio G, Gasparro R, Gallo A, Serio RM, Alessandro R, Raimondo S. Industrial-produced lemon nanovesicles ameliorate experimental colitis-associated damages in rats via the activation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses and microbiota modification. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116514. [PMID: 38574618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have recently emerged as natural delivery systems of biofunctional compounds toward mammalian cells. Considering their already described composition, anti-inflammatory properties, stability, and low toxicity, PDNVs offer a promising path for developing new preventive strategies for several inflammatory diseases, among which the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we explore the protective effects of industrially produced lemon vesicles (iLNVs) in a rat model of IBD. Characterization of iLNVs reveals the presence of small particles less than 200 nm in size and a profile of bioactive compounds enriched in flavonoids and organic acids with known beneficial properties. In vitro studies on human macrophages confirm the safety and anti-inflammatory effects of iLNVs, as evidenced by the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of anti-inflammatory markers. As evidenced by in vivo experiments, pre-treatment with iLNVs significantly alleviates symptoms and histological features in 2,4 dinitrobenzensulfuric acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Molecular pathway analysis reveals modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2, indicating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Finally, iLNVs affects gut microbiota composition, improving the consistent colitis-related alterations. Overall, we demonstrated the protective role of industrially produced lemon nanovesicles against colitis and emphasized their potential in managing IBD through multifaceted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Tinnirello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tabone
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain; Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Nima Rabienezhad Ganji
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Adele Cicio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Carlo Bressa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain; Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127 Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Section of Palermo, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergilio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127 Italy
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Section of Biology and Genetics, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Cañeque-Rufo H, Flor-García M, Terreros-Roncal J, Moreno-Jiménez EP, Pallas-Bazarra N, Bressa C, Larrosa M, Cafini F, Llorens-Martín M. Azithromycin preserves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior in a mouse model of sepsis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:135-148. [PMID: 38211636 PMCID: PMC7615685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampus can generate new neurons throughout life. Known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), this process participates in learning, memory, mood regulation, and forgetting. The continuous incorporation of new neurons enhances the plasticity of the hippocampus and contributes to the cognitive reserve in aged individuals. However, the integrity of AHN is targeted by numerous pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and sustained inflammation. In this regard, the latter causes cognitive decline, mood alterations, and multiple AHN impairments. In fact, the systemic administration of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli to mice (a model of sepsis) triggers depression-like behavior, impairs pattern separation, and decreases the survival, maturation, and synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal dentate granule cells. Here we tested the capacity of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin to neutralize the deleterious consequences of LPS administration in female C57BL6J mice. This antibiotic exerted potent neuroprotective effects. It reversed the increased immobility time during the Porsolt test, hippocampal secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and AHN impairments. Moreover, azithromycin promoted the synaptic integration of adult-born neurons and functionally remodeled the gut microbiome. Therefore, our data point to azithromycin as a clinically relevant drug with the putative capacity to ameliorate the negative consequences of chronic inflammation by modulating AHN and hippocampal-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Cañeque-Rufo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Miguel Flor-García
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Terreros-Roncal
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Pallas-Bazarra
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Cafini
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Domínguez-Balmaseda D, Bressa C, Fernández-Romero A, de Lucas B, Pérez-Ruiz M, San Juan AF, Roller M, Issaly N, Larrosa M. Evaluation of a Zingiber officinale and Bixa orellana Supplement on the Gut Microbiota of Male Athletes: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Planta Med 2022; 88:1245-1255. [PMID: 35226949 DOI: 10.1055/a-1671-5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a factor that influences exercise performance and recovery. The present study aimed to test the effect of a polyherbal supplement containing ginger and annatto called "ReWin(d)" on the gut microbiota of recreational athletes in a pilot, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-four participants who practice physical activity at least three times weekly were randomly allocated to two groups, a ReWin(d) group or a maltodextrin (placebo) group. We evaluated the gut microbiota, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and the serum levels of interleukin-6 and lipopolysaccharide at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results showed that ReWin(d) supplementation slightly increased gut microbiota diversity. Pairwise analysis revealed an increase in the relative abundance of Lachnospira (β-coefficient = 0.013; p = 0.001), Subdoligranulum (β-coefficient = 0.016; p = 0.016), Roseburia (β-coefficient = 0.019; p = 0.001), and Butyricicoccus (β-coefficient = 0.005; p = 0.035) genera in the ReWin(d) group, and a decrease in Lachnoclostridium (β-coefficient = - 0.008; p = 0.009) and the Christensenellaceae R7 group (β-coefficient = - 0.010; p < 0.001). Moreover, the Christensenellaceae R-7 group correlated positively with serum interleukin-6 (ρ = 0.4122; p = 0.032), whereas the Lachnospira genus correlated negatively with interleukin-6 (ρ = - 0.399; p = 0.032). ReWin(d) supplementation had no effect on short-chain fatty acid production or on interleukin-6 or lipopolysaccharide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Department, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Fernández-Romero
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Lucas
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Ruiz
- Research Group on Exercise, health and biomarkers applied, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro F San Juan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Sport Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Larrosa
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Moreno-Jiménez M, Rocha-Guzmán N, Larrosa M, Bressa C, Segura-Sánchez C, Macías-Salas A, Díaz-Rivas J, Flores-Rodríguez P. Constituents of Quercus eduardii leaf infusion: Their interaction with gut microbiota communities and therapeutic role in colorectal cancer. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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5
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Tabone M, García-Merino JA, Bressa C, Rocha Guzman NE, Herrera Rocha K, Chu Van E, Castelli FA, Fenaille F, Larrosa M. Chronic Consumption of Cocoa Rich in Procyanidins Has a Marginal Impact on Gut Microbiota and on Serum and Fecal Metabolomes in Male Endurance Athletes. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:1878-1889. [PMID: 35112856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa is used in the sports world as a supplement, although there is no consensus on its use. We investigated the effect of cocoa intake on intestinal ischemia (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP)), serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, gastrointestinal symptoms, and gut microbiota in endurance athletes during their training period on an unrestricted diet. We also performed a metabolomics analysis of serum and feces after a bout of exercise before and after supplementation. Cocoa consumption had no effect on I-FABP, LPS, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Cocoa intake significantly increased the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospira genera and decreased the abundance of the Agathobacter genus, which was accompanied by elevated levels of polyphenol fecal metabolites 4-hydroxy-5-(phenyl)-valeric acid and O-methyl-epicatechin-O-glucuronide. Our untargeted approach revealed that cocoa had no significant effects on serum and fecal metabolites and that its consumption had little impact on the metabolome after a bout of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Tabone
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Jose Angel García-Merino
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha Guzman
- Grupo de Investigación en Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Unidad de Posgrado, Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango 34080, México
| | - Karen Herrera Rocha
- Grupo de Investigación en Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Unidad de Posgrado, Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango 34080, México
| | - Emeline Chu Van
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Florence A Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Mar Larrosa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain
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Bailén M, Tabone M, Bressa C, Lominchar MGM, Larrosa M, González-Soltero R. Unraveling Gut Microbiota Signatures Associated with PPARD and PARGC1A Genetic Polymorphisms in a Healthy Population. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020289. [PMID: 35205333 PMCID: PMC8871880 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the importance of the gut microbiota in the regulation of metabolic phenotypes of highly prevalent metabolic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors that interact with PPAR-γ co-activator-1α (PPARGC1A) to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism. Genetic polymorphisms in PPARD (rs 2267668; A/G) and PPARGC1A (rs 8192678; G/A) are linked to T2DM. We studied the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs 2267668 and rs 8192678 and microbiota signatures and their relation to predicted metagenome functions, with the aim of determining possible microbial markers in a healthy population. Body composition, physical exercise and diet were characterized as potential confounders. Microbiota analysis of subjects with PPARGC1A (rs 8192678) and PPARD (rs 2267668) SNPs revealed certain taxa associated with the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genomes analysis of metabolic pathways predicted from metagenomes highlighted an overrepresentation of ABC sugar transporters for the PPARGC1A (rs 8192678) SNP. Our findings suggest an association between sugar metabolism and the PPARGC1A rs 8192678 (G/A) genotype and support the notion of specific microbiota signatures as factors related to the onset of T2DM.
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Tabone M, Bressa C, García-Merino JA, Moreno-Pérez D, Van EC, Castelli FA, Fenaille F, Larrosa M. The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3558. [PMID: 33574413 PMCID: PMC7878499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can produce changes in the microbiota, conferring health benefits through mechanisms that are not fully understood. We sought to determine the changes driven by exercise on the gut microbiota and on the serum and fecal metabolome using 16S rRNA gene analysis and untargeted metabolomics. A total of 85 serum and 12 fecal metabolites and six bacterial taxa (Romboutsia, Escherichia coli TOP498, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Blautia, Ruminiclostridium 9 and Clostridium phoceensis) were modified following a controlled acute exercise session. Among the bacterial taxa, Ruminiclostridium 9 was the most influenced by fecal and serum metabolites, as revealed by linear multivariate regression analysis. Exercise significantly increased the fecal ammonia content. Functional analysis revealed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and the arginine and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways were the most relevant modified pathways in serum, whereas the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway was the most relevant pathway modified in feces. Correlation analysis between fecal and serum metabolites suggested an exchange of metabolites between both compartments. Thus, the performance of a single exercise bout in cross-country non-professional athletes produces significant changes in the microbiota and in the serum and fecal metabolome, which may have health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Tabone
- MAS Microbiota Research Group, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- MAS Microbiota Research Group, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Angel García-Merino
- MAS Microbiota Research Group, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Departamento de Educación, Métodos de Investigación y Evaluación, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, ICAI-ICADE, 28015, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emeline Chu Van
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Florence A Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Mar Larrosa
- MAS Microbiota Research Group, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
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Bailén M, Bressa C, Martínez-López S, González-Soltero R, Montalvo Lominchar MG, San Juan C, Larrosa M. Microbiota Features Associated With a High-Fat/Low-Fiber Diet in Healthy Adults. Front Nutr 2020; 7:583608. [PMID: 33392236 PMCID: PMC7775391 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.583608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A high intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is related to an increased risk of obesity, inflammation and cancer-related diseases, and this risk is attenuated only when SFAs are replaced by unsaturated fats and unrefined carbohydrates. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a new environmental factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders, and is also one of the factors most influenced by diet. We sought to determine whether the gut microbiota of healthy individuals whose intake of SFAs exceeds World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations exhibits features similar to those reported in people with obesity, inflammation, cancer or metabolic disease. Healthy non-obese subjects were divided into two groups based on their SFAs intake. Body composition and gut microbiota composition were analyzed, and associations between bacterial taxa, diet and body fat composition were determined globally and separately by sex. Metagenome functional pathways were predicted by PICRUSt analysis. Subjects whose SFAs intake exceeded WHO recommendations also had a dietary pattern of low fiber intake. This high saturated fat/low fiber diet was associated with a greater sequence abundance of the Anaerotruncus genus, a butyrate producer associated with obesity. Analysis of data of high SFAs intake by sex showed that females presented with a greater abundance of Campylobacter, Blautia, Flavonifractor and Erysipelatoclostridium, whereas males showed higher levels of Anaerotruncus, Eisenbergiella, a genus from the order Clostridiales (FamilyXIIIUCG_001) and two genera from the Lachnospiraceae family. PICRUSt analysis confirmed these data, showing a correlation with a decrease in the abundance of sequences encoding for transporters of some metals such as iron, which is needed to maintain a healthy metabolism. Thus, the microbiota of healthy people on a high SFAs diet contain bacterial taxa (Anaerotruncus, Lachnospiraceae Flavonifractor, Campylobacter, Erysipelotrichacea and Eisenbergiella) that could be related to the development of some diseases, especially obesity and other pro-inflammatory diseases in women. In summary, the present study identifies bacterial taxa that could be considered as early predictors for the onset of different diseases in healthy subjects. Also, sex differences in gut microbiota suggest that women and men differentially benefit from following a specific diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bailén
- MAS Microbiota Group, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Castellanos N, Diez GG, Antúnez-Almagro C, Bressa C, Bailén M, González-Soltero R, Pérez M, Larrosa M. Key Bacteria in the Gut Microbiota Network for the Transition between Sedentary and Active Lifestyle. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E785. [PMID: 32456263 PMCID: PMC7285274 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity modifies the gut microbiota, exerting health benefits on the host; however, the specific bacteria associated with exercise are not yet known. In this work, we propose a novel method, based on hierarchical topology, to study the differences between the microbiota of active and sedentary lifestyles, and to identify relevant bacterial taxa. Our results show that the microbiota network found in active people has a significantly higher overall efficiency and higher transmissibility rate. We also identified key bacteria in active and sedentary networks that could be involved in the conversion of an active microbial network to a sedentary microbial network and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Castellanos
- Nirakara Lab, Mindfulness and cognitive Science extraordinary Chair, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (G.G.D.)
| | - Gustavo G. Diez
- Nirakara Lab, Mindfulness and cognitive Science extraordinary Chair, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (G.G.D.)
| | | | - Carlo Bressa
- Masmicrobiota group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (M.B.); (R.G.-S.)
| | - María Bailén
- Masmicrobiota group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (M.B.); (R.G.-S.)
| | - Rocío González-Soltero
- Masmicrobiota group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (M.B.); (R.G.-S.)
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Masmicrobiota group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (M.B.); (R.G.-S.)
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Castellanos N, Diez GG, Antúnez-Almagro C, Bailén M, Bressa C, González Soltero R, Pérez M, Larrosa M. A Critical Mutualism - Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3142. [PMID: 32038575 PMCID: PMC6987436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise improves the overall health status by preventing the development of several diseases. In recent years, it has been observed that physical exercise impacts gut microbiota by increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle increases the incidence of chronic diseases that often have an associated loss of microbial diversity. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem in which microorganisms interact with each other in different ways; however, microbial ecosystem interactions are scarcely studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether individuals with a sedentary lifestyle have lower diversity in their gut microbiota and how microbial diversity is associated with changes in bacterial network interactions. For that purpose, diet, body composition, physical activity, and sedentarism behavior were characterized for individuals who did or did not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity. The composition of the gut microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reorganization of microbial structure with lifestyle was approached from network analysis, where network complexity and the topology of positive and negative interdependences between bacteria were compared and correlated with microbial diversity. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with a diet low in fiber and rich in sugars and processed meat, as well as with high visceral and total corporal fat composition. The diversity (phylogenic diversity, Chao, observed species, and Shannon’s index) and network complexity of the gut microbiota were significantly lower in sedentary compared to active individuals. Whereas mutualism or co-occurrence interactions were similar between groups, competitiveness was significantly higher in the active lifestyle group. The mutualism-competition ratio was moderate and positively associated with diversity in sedentary individuals, but not in active individuals. This finding indicates that there is a critical point in this ratio beyond which the stability of the microbial community is lost, inducing a loss of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo G Diez
- Nirakara Lab, Institute of Research and Cognitive Science, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Bailén
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío González Soltero
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Bailén M, Bressa C, Larrosa M, González-Soltero R. Bioinformatic strategies to address limitations of 16rRNA short-read amplicons from different sequencing platforms. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 169:105811. [PMID: 31857143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing the 16S gene rRNA has become a popular method when identifying bacterial communities. However, recent studies address differences in the characterization based on sample preparation, sequencing platforms, and data analysis. In this work, we tested some of the available user-friendly protocols for data analysis with the reads obtained from the sequencing machines Illumina MiSeq and Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). We sought for the advantages and disadvantages of both platforms in terms of accuracy, detected species, and abundance, analyzing a staggered mock community. Four different pipelines were applied: QIIME 1.9.1 with default parameters, QIIME 1.9.1 with modified parameters and chimera removal, VSEARCH 2.3.4, and QIIME 2 v.2018.2. To address the limitations of species level detection we used species-classifier SPINGO. The optimal pipeline for PGM platform, was the use of QIIME 1.9.1 with default parameters (QIIME1), except when a study requires the detection of Bacteroides or other Bacteroidaceae members, in which QIIME1MOD (with chimera removal) seems to be a good alternative. For Illumina Miseq, VSEARCH strategy can be a good option. Our results also confirm that all the tested pipelines can be used for metagenomic analysis at family and genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bailén
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Nutrition, Microbiota and Health Group, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Nutrition, Microbiota and Health Group, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Nutrition, Microbiota and Health Group, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Soltero
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Nutrition, Microbiota and Health Group, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the advance in gut microbiota knowledge has shown that is key in the development and health status of humans. There are many factors that influence the gut microbiota and its balance, being our lifestyle one of the key factors. There is an association between feeding and practicing physical exercise. People who have an active life have a healthier diet, richer in fiber, vegetables and fruits, while sedentary lifestyle is associated with diets with higher fat content and lower fiber. Our feeding behavior and the practice of physical exercise, determine the microbial diversity, as well as the presence of beneficial bacteria for our health. The influence of these factors is determined by the physiological state of the individual (illness/health, obese/lean, young/old), thus more research is needed to determine how changes occur in the microbiota depending on the individual in order to be able to move towards customized nutrition and exercise recommendations according to the needs of each individual.
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13
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Moreno-Pérez D, Bressa C, Bailén M, Hamed-Bousdar S, Naclerio F, Carmona M, Pérez M, González-Soltero R, Montalvo-Lominchar MG, Carabaña C, Larrosa M. Effect of a Protein Supplement on the Gut Microbiota of Endurance Athletes: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E337. [PMID: 29534465 PMCID: PMC5872755 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are popular among athletes to improve performance and physical recovery. Protein supplements fulfill this function by improving performance and increasing muscle mass; however, their effect on other organs or systems is less well known. Diet alterations can induce gut microbiota imbalance, with beneficial or deleterious consequences for the host. To test this, we performed a randomized pilot study in cross-country runners whose diets were complemented with a protein supplement (whey isolate and beef hydrolysate) (n = 12) or maltodextrin (control) (n = 12) for 10 weeks. Microbiota, water content, pH, ammonia, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in fecal samples, whereas malondialdehyde levels (oxidative stress marker) were determined in plasma and urine. Fecal pH, water content, ammonia, and SCFA concentrations did not change, indicating that protein supplementation did not increase the presence of these fermentation-derived metabolites. Similarly, it had no impact on plasma or urine malondialdehyde levels; however, it increased the abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum and decreased the presence of health-related taxa including Roseburia, Blautia, and Bifidobacterium longum. Thus, long-term protein supplementation may have a negative impact on gut microbiota. Further research is needed to establish the impact of protein supplements on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Departamento de Educación, Métodos de Investigación y Evaluación, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, ICAI-ICADE, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28015, Spain.
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - María Bailén
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Safa Hamed-Bousdar
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sports Sciences, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Manuel Carmona
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Rocío González-Soltero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | | | - Claudia Carabaña
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
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Fraga BM, Bressa C, González P, Guillermo R. Microbial Transformation of the Diterpene 7- epi-Foliol by Fusarium fujikuroi. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incubation of 3α,7α,18-trihydroxy- ent-kaur-16-ene (7- epi-foliol) with the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi gave 3α,7α,18-trihydroxy- ent-kaur-16-en-18-al as the sole product. The biotransformation of other 7α- or 7β-hydroxy derivatives had led to the oxidation of C-19, which is a main step in the biosynthesis of gibberellins and kaurenolides. Now, the presence of the 3a-hydroxyl impedes that oxidation, which is directed to the adjacent C-18 hydroxymethyl forming the corresponding aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M. Fraga
- Instituto de ProductosNaturales y Agrobiología, C.S.I.C., Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Instituto de ProductosNaturales y Agrobiología, C.S.I.C., Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro González
- InstitutoUniversitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guillermo
- InstitutoUniversitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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15
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Fraga BM, Bressa C, González P, Guillermo R. Microbial transformation of the diterpene 7-epi-foliol by Fusarium fujikuroi. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:1061-1063. [PMID: 25233574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The incubation of 3alpha,7alpha,18-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-ene (7-epi-foliol) with the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi gave 3alpha,7alpha,18-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-18-al as the sole product. The biotransformation of other 7alpha- or 7beta-hydroxy derivatives had led to the oxidation of C-19, which is a main step in the biosynthesis of gibberellins and kaurenolides. Now, the presence of the 3alpha-hydroxyl impedes that oxidation, which is directed to the adjacent C-18 hydroxymethyl forming the corresponding aldehyde.
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16
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Abstract
A phytochemical study of Sideritis infernalis led to the isolation of the new nor-diterpene adejone (17-nor-7α,18-dihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-one). The biosynthesis of this compound implies the decarboxylation of an epoxy-acid as the last step. In addition, three diterpenes with an ent-kaurene skeleton, episideridiol, candicandiol 7α-monoacetate and candidiol 15α-monoacetate, have been isolated from S. candicans for the first time in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M. Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC,Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC,Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Concepción Fernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC,Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro González
- Instituto de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guillermo
- Instituto de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Melchor G. Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC,Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Fraga BM, Bressa C, González-Vallejo V, González P, Guillermo R. Biotransformation of ent-kaur-16-ene and ent-trachylobane 7β-acetoxy derivatives by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium fujikuroi). Phytochemistry 2012; 81:60-70. [PMID: 22727115 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Candol A (7β-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-ene) (6) is efficiently transformed by Gibberella fujikuroi into the gibberellin plant hormones. In this work, the biotransformation of its acetate by this fungus has led to the formation of 7β-acetoxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3), whose corresponding alcohol is a short-lived intermediate in the biosynthesis of gibberellins and seco-ring ent-kaurenoids in this fungus. Further biotransformation of this compound led to the hydroxylation of the 3β-positions to give 7β-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (14), followed by a 2β- or 18-hydroxylation of this metabolite. The incubation of epicandicandiol 7β-monoacetate (7β-acetoxy-18-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-ene) (10) produces also the 19-hydroxylation to form the 18,19 diol (20), which is oxidized to give the corresponding C-18 or C-19 acids. These results indicated that the presence of a 7β-acetoxy group does not inhibit the fungal oxidation of C-19 in 7β-acetoxy-ent-kaur-16-ene, but avoids the ring B contraction that leads to the gibberellins and the 6β-hydroxylation necessary for the formation of seco-ring B ent-kaurenoids. The biotransformation of 7β-acetoxy-ent-trachylobane (trachinol acetate) (27) only led to the formation of 7β-acetoxy-18-hydroxy-ent-trachylobane (33).
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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