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Nikolayenko VI, Castell DC, Sensharma D, Shivanna M, Loots L, Forrest KA, Solanilla-Salinas CJ, Otake KI, Kitagawa S, Barbour LJ, Space B, Zaworotko MJ. Reversible transformations between the non-porous phases of a flexible coordination network enabled by transient porosity. Nat Chem 2023; 15:542-549. [PMID: 36781909 PMCID: PMC10070188 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic materials that exhibit stimulus-responsive switching between closed (non-porous) and open (porous) structures induced by gas molecules are of potential utility in gas storage and separation. Such behaviour is currently limited to a few dozen physisorbents that typically switch through a breathing mechanism requiring structural contortions. Here we show a clathrate (non-porous) coordination network that undergoes gas-induced switching between multiple non-porous phases through transient porosity, which involves the diffusion of guests between discrete voids through intra-network distortions. This material is synthesized as a clathrate phase with solvent-filled cavities; evacuation affords a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation to a phase with smaller cavities. At 298 K, carbon dioxide, acetylene, ethylene and ethane induce reversible switching between guest-free and gas-loaded clathrate phases. For carbon dioxide and acetylene at cryogenic temperatures, phases showing progressively higher loadings were observed and characterized using in situ X-ray diffraction, and the mechanism of diffusion was computationally elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara I Nikolayenko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Dominic C Castell
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Debobroto Sensharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Mohana Shivanna
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study (KUIAS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leigh Loots
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - Ken-Ichi Otake
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study (KUIAS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study (KUIAS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leonard J Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Brian Space
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland.
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland.
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