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Figueiredo Machado CL, Nakamura FY, de Andrade MX, Dos Santos GC, Carlet R, Brusco CM, Reischak-Oliveira A, Voser RDC, Pinto RS. Total and regional body composition are related with aerobic fitness performance in elite futsal players. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:164-168. [PMID: 37330764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass profile) has been related to aerobic performance, an essential capacity for futsal athletes. The present study aimed to verify the relationship between total and regional body composition (percentage of fat and lean mass) with aerobic performance in elite futsal players. Male professional futsal athletes (n = 44) from two Brazilian National Futsal League teams and athletes representing the National team participated in this study. Body composition was evaluated using DXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) and aerobic fitness by ergospirometry. There was a negative (p < 0.05) correlation between maximum oxygen uptake and maximal velocity reached with total body (r = -0.53; r = -0.58), trunk (r = -0.52; r = -0.56) and lower-limb (r = -0.46; r = -0.55) fat mass percentage. Lower-limb lean mass percentage had a positive (p < 0.05) correlation with maximum oxygen uptake (r = 0.46) and maximal velocity (r = 0.55). In conclusion, total and regional body composition present a relationship with aerobic performance in professional futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Maia (ISMAI), Portugal
| | - Marcos Xavier de Andrade
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Dos Santos
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carlet
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Muller Brusco
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério da Cunha Voser
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Queiroz JDN, Macedo RCO, Dos Santos GC, Munhoz SV, Machado CLF, de Menezes RL, Menzem EN, Moritz CEJ, Pinto RS, Tinsley GM, de Oliveira AR. Cardiometabolic effects of early v. delayed time-restricted eating plus energetic restriction in adults with overweight and obesity: an exploratory randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-13. [PMID: 35614845 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory study investigated the effects of early v. delayed time-restricted eating (TRE) plus caloric restriction (CR) on body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight and obesity. Adults (20-40 years) were randomised to one of three groups for 8 weeks: early time-restricted eating (eTRE; 08.00-16.00) plus CR, delayed time-restricted eating (dTRE; 12.00-20.00) plus CR or only CR (CR; 08.00-20.00). All groups were prescribed a 25 % energy deficit relative to daily energy requirements. Thirteen participants completed the study in the eTRE and CR groups and eleven in the dTRE group (n 37). After the interventions, there was no significant difference between the three groups for any of the outcomes. Compared with baseline, significant decreases were observed in the body weight (eTRE group: -4·2 kg; 95 % CI, -5·6, -2·7; dTRE group: -4·8 kg; 95 % CI, -5·9, -3·7; CR: -4·0 kg; 95 % CI, -5·9, -2·1), fat mass (eTRE group: -2·9 kg; 95 % CI, -3·9, -1·9; dTRE group: -3·6 kg; 95 % CI, -4·6, -2·5; CR: -3·1 kg; 95 % CI, -4·3, -1·8) and fasting glucose levels (eTRE group: -4 mg/dl; 95 % CI, -8, -1; dTRE group: -2 mg/dl; 95 % CI, -8, 3; CR: -3 mg/dl; 95 % CI, -8, 2). In a free-living setting, TRE with a energetic deficit, regardless of the time of day, promotes similar benefits in weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters. However, given the exploratory nature of our study, further investigation is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica do Nascimento Queiroz
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Dos Santos
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samuel Vargas Munhoz
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Leal de Menezes
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Nascimento Menzem
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management at Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alvaro Reischak de Oliveira
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Duarte Junior MADS, Louise Trakman G, Brugnara Mello J, De Andrade MX, Carlet R, Figueiredo Machado CL, Silveira Pinto R, Da Cunha Voser R. Nutritional Knowledge and Eating Habits of the National Brazilian Futsal Team. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.14306/renhyd.25.s1.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Futsal is a sport that requires nutritional support to support the high-energy expenditure and significant loss of fluids and electrolytes during training and matches. It is important that high-level athletes follow appropriate, evidence-based nutrition. To our knowledge, there is a lack of data on the eating habits and nutrition knowledge of Futsal players. Therefore, this study aims to describe the nutritional knowledge and eating habits of players of the national Brazilian Futsal Team. A secondary aim was to translate the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Questionnaire into Portuguese for use in Portuguese-speaking athletes.
Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The evaluations were carried out during the preparation period of the Brazilian Futsal Team for the FIFA Futsal World Cup 2020 qualifiers. We evaluated anthropometry (weight, height, body mass index) nutritional knowledge (assessed using a translated version of the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire) and eating habits (assessed using a validated Brazilian FFQ), as well as supplement use. The translation of the ANSKQ was undertaken using previous validated forward-backward translation procedures.
Results: The mean total correct score on the ANSKQ was 12 out of a possible 35 (34.45%). The mean total correct score on the ANSKQ was 12 out of a possible 35 (34.45%). Players had a statistically significantly higher score for “General Nutrition” knowledge than Sports Nutrition Knowledge (47.27% vs 28.53%, p<0.005). Futsal players had infrequent consumption of the food group "Milk and dairy products", and frequent consumption of "Snacks" as well as fruits. Regarding dietary supplements, 46% of athletes said they consume, or previously consumed, with Whey Protein being the most common supplement.
Conclusions: There is room from improvement in athletes nutrition knowledge, especially sports specific knowledge. Futsal players may also require education on appropriate supplement use and dietary intake.
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Radaelli R, Brusco CM, Machado CLF, Martins D, Sakugawa RL, Diefenthaeler F, Pinto RS. Muscle function and muscle balance in lower limbs are not impaired in individuals with general joint hypermobility. Sport Sci Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Machado CLF, Pinto RS, Brusco CM, Cadore EL, Radaelli R. COVID-19 pandemic is an urgent time for older people to practice resistance exercise at home. Exp Gerontol 2020; 141:111101. [PMID: 33049354 PMCID: PMC7547324 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social distancing measures have been used to contain the COVID-19 pandemic; nevertheless, it causes unintended greater time at home and consequently a reduction in general physical activity and an increase in sedentary time, which is harmful to older people. A decrease in daily physical activities and an increase in sedentary time culminates in an impactful skeletal muscle disuse period and reduction in neuromuscular abilities related to functional capacity. Home-based resistance training is a strategy to mitigate physical inactivity and improve or retain muscle function and functional performance. Therefore, it is an urgent time to encourage older people to perform resistance exercises at home to avoid a harmful functional decline and promote physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Muller Brusco
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Machado Filho J, Machado CLF, Tanaka H, Ferrari R. Postexercise Hypotension After Muscle Power Training Session in Older Adults With Hypertension. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:652-657. [PMID: 32203933 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the acute effects of a muscle power training (PT) session on arterial blood pressure (BP) in older adults with hypertension. Thirteen participants (64 ± 4 years) with essential hypertension were randomly assigned to a PT session and control session without exercise. During PT, the participants performed three sets of eight repetitions at 50% of the one-repetition maximum tests. The concentric phase during each repetition was performed as fast as possible. The systolic BP (post-15 min: -1.7 ± 1.8 mmHg [p = .048; d = 0.22]; post-30 min: -3.6 ± 1.7 mmHg [p = .010; d = 0.48]; post-45 min: -3.3 ± 1.3 mmHg [p = .002; d = 0.42]; post-60 min: -3.9 ± 1.7 mmHg [p = .003; d = 0.49]) and diastolic BP (post-15 min: -1.5 ± 1.5 mmHg [p = .053; d = 0.20]; post-30 min: -2.2 ± 1.7 mmHg [p = .001; d = 0.29]; post-45 min: -2.0 ± 2.0 mmHg [p = .001; d = 0.27]; post-60 min: -2.0 ± 1.3 mmHg [p < .001; d = 0.26]) reductions were observed at all times after the PT session, compared with the preexercise and control session. PT is an effective strategy to acutely reduce BP in older patients with essential hypertension.
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Machado CLF, Bgeginski R, De Castro C, Wilhelm EN, Pinto RS. Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Repetitions to Failure Using Different Resistance Exercises and Protocols in Normotensive Men: A crossover study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:401-408. [PMID: 31594394 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1676772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present crossover design study investigated acute hemodynamic responses to two sets of leg press (LP) and bench press (BeP) at 10 and 20 repetition maximum (RM) in ten normotensive young men. At the end of each set, an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and rate pressure product (RPP) was observed (p < .01), with no differences between intensities, but SBP was greater during the LP exercise (p < .01). Lower resting values of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed in the post-BeP exercise period (p < .05), suggesting that DBP post-exercise hypotension may be more evident after upper-limb exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bgeginski
- R. Samuel McLaughlin Foundation - Exercise and Pregnancy Lab, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clarissa De Castro
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eurico Nestor Wilhelm
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Grazioli R, Lopez P, Andersen LL, Machado CLF, Pinto MD, Cadore EL, Pinto RS. Hamstring rate of torque development is more affected than maximal voluntary contraction after a professional soccer match. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1336-1341. [PMID: 31099729 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1620863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Match-induced fatigue of knee muscle strength and agonist-antagonist strength-ratios may affect both performance and risk of injury in soccer players. Once explosive tasks are imperative in soccer as well as hamstring strain injuries occur during high-velocity moments, rapid force capacity of this muscle group is especially important. This study evaluated the effect of match-induced fatigue on knee muscle strength and strength-ratio parameters after a single professional soccer match. Male professional soccer players (n = 16; 24.2 ± 3.9 years) were tested before and after a soccer match (56.2 ± 22.6 min of playing) for knee flexors (hamstring) and extensors (quadriceps) isometric peak torque (MVC) and rate of torque development (RTD) - as well as the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio (H:Q) - at 30° of knee flexion. Knee injuries often occur at this joint angle, which is common in sprinting, pivoting, sidecutting, and jumping. Match-induced fatigue caused a left shift in the knee extensors torque-time curve with no significant change in both early (i.e. 0-50 ms) and late (i.e. 0-200 ms) RTD, and a right shift in the knee flexors torque-time curve with a decrease in early RTD (∼16%, p = .029) and late RTD (∼11%, p = .011). Knee extensors and knee flexors peak torque remained unchanged (p > .05). Early RTD H:Q decreased by∼24% (p = .027), while late RTD H:Q and MVC H:Q remained unchanged (p > .05). In conclusion, match-induced fatigue impaired the ability to rapidly produce force at an angle where injuries are most susceptible to occur. Important information is missed if only the traditional H:Q is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Grazioli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Physical Activity and Human Performance, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Matheus Daros Pinto
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Machado CLF, Botton CE, Brusco CM, Pfeifer LO, Cadore EL, Pinto RS. Acute and chronic effects of muscle power training on blood pressure in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:153-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1590386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Ehlers Botton
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Müller Brusco
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia Orsolin Pfeifer
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Minozzo F, Lopez P, Machado CLF, Wilhelm EN, Grazioli R, Pinto RS. Alternative assessment of knee joint muscle balance of soccer players through total work-based hamstring: quadriceps ratios. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1398-1404. [PMID: 30009683 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1495271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Isokinetic hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratios are frequently used to assess knee muscle strength imbalances and risk of injuries/re-injuries. The use of peak torque (PT) or total work (TW) to estimate joint stability may lead to different results because of the differences between these two neuromuscular variables. Thus, the current study aimed to compare the conventional and functional H:Q ratios calculated by PT and TW. Ninety-three male professional soccer players from Brazilian first division teams performed isokinetic concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps and the hamstrings at 60°/s. Muscle strength balance was calculated using the conventional torque ratio (CTR) and conventional work ratio (CWR), functional torque ratio (FTR) and functional work ratio (FWR) were highly and moderately correlated between them (r = 0.83 and r = 0.73, respectively). The Wilcoxon statistical test revealed significant differences between CTR and CWR, as well as FTR and FWR (p < 0.05). T-test demonstrated significant differences in mean CTR-CWR and FTR-FWR, whereas Bland-Altman plots showed non-consistent bias. In addition, the chi-square test demonstrated significant differences between players below the conventional reference values and functional reference values (p < 0.001). In conclusion, TW ratios seem to provide distinct and additional information regarding the H:Q strength balance in professional soccer players. Moreover, taking into account that TW captures torque information throughout the entire range of motion, it is possible that TW ratios represent a more comprehensive assessment of muscle strength imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Minozzo
- a Exercise Research Laboratory , Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopez
- a Exercise Research Laboratory , Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | - Eurico Nestor Wilhelm
- b Department of Sports, School of Physical Education , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- a Exercise Research Laboratory , Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- a Exercise Research Laboratory , Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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