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Díaz CM, Bullon B, Ruiz-Salmerón RJ, Fernández-Riejos P, Fernández-Palacín A, Battino M, Cordero MD, Quiles JL, Varela-López A, Bullón P. Molecular inflammation and oxidative stress are shared mechanisms involved in both myocardial infarction and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:519-528. [PMID: 32106337 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Our aims were to improve the understanding of the pathogenic relationship between cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis and to generate new perspectives in the prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and periodontitis. The present study evaluates possible differences in inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy markers among subject suffering AMI, periodontitis, or both, to explore possible common pathogenic mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 260 subjects were enrolled in the study: 106 subjects that survived to a first AMI (AMI group) and 154 subjects had no cardiac events in their clinical record (control group). A questionnaire was used to assess age, height, weight, blood pressure, and heart rate. The clinical probing depth, clinical attachment loss, number of remaining teeth, and average number of sites with bleeding on probing were assessed. Lipid peroxidation and protein levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B-light chain 3-II (LC3-II) were determined in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and Western blot, respectively. Plasma levels of interleukin-1β were determined using a commercial ELISA kit. All the obtained variables were compared between subjects suffering an AMI with or without periodontitis and control subject periodontal healthy or with periodontitis. RESULTS A higher proportion of subjects suffering AMI + periodontitis than only AMI (without periodontitis) was found. Higher levels of TBARS were found in subjects with periodontitis than in subjects without periodontitis in both AMI and control subjects. Positive correlations between IL-1β levels and TBARS and between IL-1β levels and LC3-II were found only in control subjects. CONCLUSION Results from the present study are consistent with the suggestion of periodontitis as a potential risk factor for AMI. Periodontitis association with circulating lipid peroxides in both AMI and control subjects were found. The absence of differences in IL-1β levels between AMI subjects (only AMI vs AMI + periodontitis) suggests that oxidative stress could be the main pathogenic link between AMI and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Díaz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bullon
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
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Cruz-Aguado R, Turner LF, Díaz CM, Piñero J. Nerve growth factor and striatal glutathione metabolism in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2001; 17:217-221. [PMID: 11490092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To test the influence of nerve growth factor (NGF) on striatal glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of GSH-related enzymes from quinolinic acid-lesioned rats. Methods: Rats were intrastriatally injected with QA and NGF. Enzymatic and GSH assays were performed one week later. Results: NGF prevented the QA-induced decline in glutathione reductase activity and GSH content. Conclusions: NGF is able to prevent some of the disturbances induced by the excitotoxic insult in the striatal GSH metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyniel Cruz-Aguado
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Havana, Cuba
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Abstract
Glutathione serves the function of providing reducing equivalents for the maintenance of oxidant homeostasis, and besides it plays roles in intra- and intercellular signaling in the brain. Our purpose was to test the effects of depleting tissue glutathione by diethylmaleate (5.3 mmol/kg, intraperitoneal) on brain antioxidant metabolism, nerve growth factor levels, and cognitive performance in rats. Six hours after the treatment, glutathione level in the hippocampus dropped down to 30% of the mean value of vehicle-treated animals and glutathione peroxidase activity also declined. Twenty-four hours after the injection the values had been partially restored. Moreover, the hippocampal and cortical levels of nerve growth factor protein did not change in response to diethylmaleate treatment. Glutathione depletion did not influence the performance of animals in the step-through passive avoidance test, but impairs acquisition in the Morris water maze when given before training. However, when diethylmaleate was administered after acquisition in the same paradigm, it did not affect the retention tested at the following day. Our results suggest that glutathione status is important during acquisition, but not for retention, of spatial memory in maze tasks and they support the hypothesis of the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium as a key piece acting in the regulation of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cruz-Aguado
- International Center for Neurological Restoration, Havana, Cuba.
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Abstract
Although the involvement of oxidative mechanisms in the cytotoxicity of excitatory amino acids has been well documented, it is not known whether the intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA) induces changes in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. In this work, the activities of the enzymes GSH reductase (GRD), GSH peroxidase (GPX), and GSH S-transferase (GST), as well as the GSH content, were studied in the striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of rats 1 and 6 weeks following the intrastriatal injection of QA (225 nmol). One group of animals remained untreated. This lesion resulted in a 20% decrease in striatal GRD activity at both the 1- and 6-week postlesion times, whereas GST exhibited a 30% activity increase in the lesioned striatum observable only 6 weeks after the lesion. GPX activity remained unchanged. In addition, the QA injection elicited a 30% fall in GSH level at the 1-week postlesion time. GSH related enzyme activities and GSH content from other areas outside the lesioned striatum were not affected. GST activation could represent a beneficial compensatory response to neutralize some of the oxidant agents generated by the lesion. However, this effect together with the reduction in GRD activity could be the cause or a contributing factor to the observed QA-induced deficit in GSH availability and, consequently, further disrupt the oxidant homeostasis of the injured striatal tissue. Therefore, these results provide evidence that the in vivo excitotoxic injury to the brain might affect oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium by eliciting changes in glutathione metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cruz-Aguado
- International Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurochemistry Lab, Havana, Cuba.
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