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Kiss CM, Bertschi D, Beerli N, Berres M, Kressig RW, Fischer AM. Calf circumference as a surrogate indicator for detecting low muscle mass in hospitalized geriatric patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:25. [PMID: 38321234 PMCID: PMC10847205 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is characterized by low muscle strength, decreased muscle mass, and decline in physical performance. While the measurements of muscle strength and physical performance are easy to perform, an accurate evaluation of muscle mass is technically more demanding. We therefore evaluated the suitability of calf circumference (CC) as a clinical indicator for muscle mass. METHODS In a cross-sectional single-centre study, geriatric inpatients were assessed for sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) consensus. Calf circumference was tested for correlation with appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to calculate the discriminatory value of the CC cut-off values to differentiate patients above and below ASMI cut-offs for sarcopenia. RESULTS In this study population (n = 305, age 83.5 ± 7.0 years, BMI 25.7 kg/m2, 65.6% female), the prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.6%. In subjects with low ASMI, mean CC was 29.5 ± 3.4 cm for females and 32.0 ± 3.4 cm for males. A positive relationship between CC and ASMI was found. The optimized cut-off value for CC to identify patients with low ASMI was <31.5 cm for females (sensitivity 78%, specificity 79%), and <33.5 cm for males (sensitivity 71%, specificity 62%). CONCLUSION In clinical settings where imaging technology for muscle mass quantification is not available, simple calf circumference measurement may be used as a dependable indicator for low muscle mass in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Kiss
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Bertschi
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Beerli
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Nursing Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Fischer
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Vinci G, Kiss CM, Orrevall Y, Lövestam E. Implementation of the Nutrition Care Process and the Nutrition Care Process Terminology among German- and French-Speaking Dietitians in Switzerland: A Secondary Analysis of the Swiss International Nutrition Care Process and Terminology Implementation Survey Data. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023:S2212-2672(23)00097-7. [PMID: 36841357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful implementation of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) and the Nutrition Care Process Terminology (NCPT) depends on many factors, one of which is the spoken language of the users. Exploring implementation barriers and enablers in a multilingual country such as Switzerland, with a specific focus on dietitians speaking German and French, may provide valuable insights for successful implementation in other multilingual countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the enablers and barriers encountered by Swiss German- and French-speaking dietitians in the implementation of NCP and NCPT in their daily work. DESIGN The multinational observational INIS study was conducted between February-April 2017 using an online survey. Swiss data from the study were analyzed in a secondary analysis in August 2021. PARTICIPANTS In Switzerland, 237 registered dietitians participated in the INIS study. In this secondary analysis, a total of 228 (German-speaking n = 144, French-speaking n = 84) questionnaires were included. Nine participants were excluded because either they had incomplete surveys or had not completed dietetics training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Primary variables were barriers and enablers to the use of NCP and NCPT in their daily work. Furthermore, characteristics, familiarity with NCP and NCPT, and the extent of implementation of standardized nutrition diagnoses according to NCPT were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Descriptive statistics, including summary statistics with percentages, were used. Differences between the two groups were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS The most common barrier was lack of time; no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding implementation barriers. Some statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of mentioning enablers, such as "recommendation by the association to use NCP and NCPT" (German-speaking 89%, French-speaking 77%; P < 0.05), "requirement by the workplace" (German-speaking 75%, French-speaking 53%; P < 0.01), "allocated time to practice" (German-speaking 63%, French-speaking 43%; P < 0.05), and "electronic healthcare records" (German-speaking 81%, French-speaking 44%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Some differences in enablers were found between German- and French-speaking dietitians, although the two groups were similar for all barriers and many enablers. In multilingual countries such as Switzerland, implementation strategies may need to be adapted to the language and the dietitians' specific experiences of using NCP and NCPT to ensure optimal use throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Vinci
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline M Kiss
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ylva Orrevall
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Women's Health, and Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Lövestam
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bertschi D, Kiss CM, Beerli N, Mauthner O, Kressig RW. Impact of sarcopenia on daily functioning: a cross-sectional study among older inpatients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2041-2046. [PMID: 35794312 PMCID: PMC9464162 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Geriatric patients with sarcopenia are at increased risk for functional decline with loss of independence in daily living. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of sarcopenia on different domains of functional status in hospitalized geriatric patients. METHODS Sarcopenia was assessed at hospital admission using the recommendations of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Body impedance analysis (BIA) was performed to determine muscle mass, and a pneumatic hand dynamometer was used to assess muscle strength. The functional independence measure (FIM) score, an 18-item tool exploring an individual's physical, cognitive and social functions, was used to measure functional status. RESULTS In 305 included inpatients with a median age of 84.0 years (65.6% female), prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.6%. Overall, sarcopenic patients had significant lower FIM scores compared to non-sarcopenic patients (p = 0.006). An association with sarcopenia was found for the FIM items bed/chair/wheelchair transfer (p = 0.047), transfer to toilet (p = 0.048), locomotion (p = 0.001), climbing stairs (p = 0.012), comprehension (p = 0.029), and social interaction (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION In hospitalized geriatric patients, sarcopenia was found to be associated with both cognitive and mobility domains, but not with self-care domains of the FIM score. Therefore, when addressing sarcopenia in inpatients, tailored and multi-dimensional training interventions mainly should focus on motor-cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Bertschi
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline M Kiss
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Beerli
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Mauthner
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
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Bertschi D, Kiss CM, Schoenenberger AW, Stuck AE, Kressig RW. Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:64-70. [PMID: 33367464 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In older patients, sarcopenia is a prevalent disease associated with negative outcomes. Sarcopenia has been investigated in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), but the criteria for diagnosis of the disease are heterogeneous. This systematic review of the current literature aims to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients undergoing TAVI and to analyse the impact of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature has been performed in electronic databases from the date of initiation until March 2020. Using a pre-defined search strategy, we identified studies assessing skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality and muscle function as measures for sarcopenia in patients undergoing TAVI. We evaluated how sarcopenia affects the outcomes mortality at ≥1 year, prolonged length of hospital stay, and functional decline. RESULTS We identified 18 observational studies, enrolling a total number of 9'513 patients. For assessment of skeletal muscle mass, all included studies used data from computed tomography. Cut-off points for definition of low muscle mass were heterogeneous, and prevalence of sarcopenia varied between 21.0% and 70.2%. In uni- or multivariate regression analysis of different studies, low muscle mass was found to be a significant predictor of mortality, prolonged length of hospital stay, and functional decline. No interventional study was identified measuring the effect of nutritional or physiotherapy interventions on sarcopenia in TAVI patients. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is highly prevalent among patients undergoing TAVI, and negatively affects important outcomes. Early diagnosis of this condition might allow a timely start of nutritional and physiotherapy interventions to prevent negative outcomes in TAVI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bertschi
- Dominic Bertschi, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Burgfelderstrasse 101, 4055 Basel, Switzerland,
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Lövestam E, Vivanti A, Steiber A, Boström AM, Devine A, Haughey O, Kiss CM, Lang NR, Lieffers J, Lloyd L, O'Sullivan TA, Papoutsakis C, Peersen C, Thoresen L, Orrevall Y. Barriers and enablers in the implementation of a standardised process for nutrition care: findings from a multinational survey of dietetic professionals in 10 countries. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:252-262. [PMID: 31912581 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the barriers and enablers experienced by nutrition and dietetic professionals in the implementation of the standardised Nutrition Care Process (NCP) across 10 different countries. NCP related beliefs, motivations and values were investigated and compared. METHODS A validated online survey was disseminated to nutrition and dietetics professionals in 10 countries in the local language during 2017. Cross-sectional associations and differences between countries were explored for level of implementation, barriers/enablers and attitudes/motivation among the respondents. RESULTS Higher NCP implementation was associated with greater occurrence of enabling aspects, as well as fewer occurrences of barriers. The most common enabler was 'recommendation by the national dietetic association' (69%) and the most common barrier was 'lack of time' (39%). A longer experience of NCP use was associated with a more positive attitude towards all NCP aspects. Differences between countries were identified, regarding both the occurrence of barriers/enablers and attitudes/motivations. CONCLUSIONS Implementation efforts need to be tailored to country-specific contexts when implementing a new standard of care framework among nutrition and dietetic professionals. Additional research is needed to further assess the management and workplace strategies to support the development of nutrition and dietetics professionals in multidisciplinary healthcare organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lövestam
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Vivanti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Studies, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - A Steiber
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A-M Boström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research& Development unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nursing, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway
| | - A Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - O Haughey
- Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute, Dun Laoghaire, Co., Dublin, Ireland
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C M Kiss
- Clinical Nutrition, Research and Development, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Swiftzerland
| | - N R Lang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, VIA University College, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - L Lloyd
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T A O'Sullivan
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - C Papoutsakis
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Peersen
- The municipality of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L Thoresen
- Cancer Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Disease-Related Malnutrition, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Y Orrevall
- Function Area Clinical Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lövestam E, Steiber A, Vivanti A, Boström AM, Devine A, Haughey O, Kiss CM, Lang NR, Lieffers J, Lloyd L, O'Sullivan TA, Papoutsakis C, Peersen C, Thoresen L, Orrevall Y. Use of the Nutrition Care Process and Nutrition Care Process Terminology in an International Cohort Reported by an Online Survey Tool. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 119:225-241. [PMID: 30553587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietitians in countries across the world have been implementing the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) and Terminology (NCPT) during the past decade. The implementation process has been evaluated in specific countries and in smaller international studies; however, no large international study comparing implementation between countries has been completed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe and compare the level of NCP/NCPT implementation across 10 countries. METHODS A previously tested web-based survey was completed in 2017 by 6,719 dietitians across 10 countries. Participants were recruited through e-mail lists, e-newsletters, and social media groups for dietitians. Nondietitians were excluded through screening questions and targeted dissemination channels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The main outcome of interest was the level of implementation of each of the four NCP steps. Differences in implementation between the NCP (process) and NCPT (terminology) were also measured. Differences between groups were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple linear regression was used to assess relationships between the main outcomes and respondent demographic information. RESULTS Australia, New Zealand, and the United States had higher implementation rates compared with other countries surveyed. Awareness of the NCP was high in most countries (>90%) but lower in Greece (50%). All countries had a higher implementation level of the NCP (process) compared with the NCPT (terminology). Dietitians working with inpatients reported the highest implementation levels while those working in public health reported the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Dietitians in countries with more experience in NCP/NCPT implementation and a clear implementation strategy had higher levels of implementation. To achieve a successful NCP/NCPT implementation among dietitians, there is a need to promote the value of a standardized dietetic language together with the more easily implemented process. There is also a need to promote NCP/NCPT for all areas of practice, and develop strategic plans for implementation of the NCP and NCPT.
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Lövestam E, Vivanti A, Steiber A, Boström AM, Devine A, Haughey O, Kiss CM, Lang NR, Lieffers J, Lloyd L, O'Sullivan TA, Papoutsakis C, Thoresen L, Orrevall Y. The International Nutrition Care Process and Terminology Implementation Survey: Towards a Global Evaluation Tool to Assess Individual Practitioner Implementation in Multiple Countries and Languages. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 119:242-260. [PMID: 30552017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nutrition Care Process (NCP) and NCP Terminology (NCPT) is a systematic framework for critical thinking, decision making, and communication for dietetics practitioners worldwide, aiming to improve quality and patient safety in nutrition care. Although dietetics practitioners in several countries have implemented the NCP/NCPT during recent years, to date there is no globally validated instrument for the evaluation of NCP/NCPT implementation that is available in different languages and applicable across cultures and countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and test a survey instrument in several languages to capture information at different stages of NCP/NCPT implementation across countries and cultures. SETTING In this collaboration between dietetics practitioners and researchers from 10 countries, an International NCP/NCPT Implementation Survey tool was developed and tested in a multistep process, building on the experiences from previous surveys. The tool was translated from English into six other languages. It includes four modules and describes demographic information, NCP/NCPT implementation, and related attitudes and knowledge. METHODS The survey was reviewed by 42 experts across 10 countries to assess content validity and clarity. After this, 30 dietetics practitioners participated in cognitive interviews while completing the survey. A pilot study was performed with 210 participants, of whom 40 completed the survey twice within a 2- to 3-week interval. RESULTS Scale content validity index average was 0.98 and question clarity index was 0.8 to 1.0. Cognitive interviews and comments from experts led to further clarifications of the survey. The repeated pilot test resulted in Krippendorff's α=.75. Subsequently, refinements of the survey were made based on comments submitted by the pilot survey participants. CONCLUSIONS The International NCP/NCPT Implementation Survey tool demonstrated excellent content validity and high test-retest reliability in seven different languages and across an international context. This tool will be valuable in future research and evaluation of implementation strategies.
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Kiss CM, Byham-Gray L, Denmark R, Loetscher R, Brody RA. The impact of implementation of a nutrition support algorithm on nutrition care outcomes in an intensive care unit. Nutr Clin Pract 2013; 27:793-801. [PMID: 23135707 DOI: 10.1177/0884533612457178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nutrition support algorithm is an operational version of a guideline that is adapted to local requirements and easy to apply in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of implementing a nutrition support algorithm on nutrition care outcomes in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Switzerland without a designated dietitian. METHODS The retrospective study included data collection on 2 cohorts of critically ill patients before (n = 56) and after (n = 56) implementation of a nutrition support algorithm based on the guidelines published by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines. RESULTS There were significant differences between groups for the mean delivery of total energy in the pre- vs postimplementation group (909 ± 444 vs 1097 ± 420 kcal/d; P = .023) and mean delivery of protein per day (35 ± 17.9 vs 59.1 ± 27.3 g; P < .001). For patients staying at least 7 days in the ICU, the cumulative energy deficit decreased from -5664 ± 3613 kcal in the preimplementation group to -2972 ± 2420 kcal (P = .011) in the postimplementation group. No significant differences in the route of feeding and timing of enteral nutrition initiation were found. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a nutrition support algorithm resulted in improved provision of energy and protein delivery. This may be further improved with routine nutrition assessment by a dietitian or a designated nutrition support team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Kiss
- University Hospital Basel, Ernährungsberatung, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
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