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Pinto E, Viegas C, Martins PV, Marreiros C, Nascimento T, Schurgers L, Simes D. Mediterranean Diet Favors Vitamin K Intake: A Descriptive Study in a Mediterranean Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:1098. [PMID: 38674788 PMCID: PMC11054598 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with improved longevity and the prevention and management of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs). Vitamin K, which is present in MD core components such as leafy green vegetables, is also known as a protective factor for CIDs. Estimates of vitamin K intake in Mediterranean settings are still scarce, and the association between MD and vitamin K intake is yet to be established. This study analyzed vitamin K intake and MD adherence in the Algarve region, in Portugal. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a nonrandom sample of adults using an online questionnaire which included a validated food-frequency questionnaire and a screener for MD adherence. A total of 238 participants were recruited (68% women and 32% men). Adherence to the MD was low (11%). Only 10% of the participants had vitamin K intake below the adequate intake. Adherence to the MD was positively correlated with vitamin K intake (r = 0.463; p < 0.001) and age (r = 0.223; p < 0.001). Our findings underscore the importance of promoting adherence to the MD for optimal vitamin K intake, and future research should focus on developing effective interventions to promote this dietary pattern, particularly among younger individuals and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Pinto
- Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento em Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.P.); (T.N.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.M.)
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paula Ventura Martins
- Algarve Cyber-Physical Systems Research Centre (CISCA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Marreiros
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Tânia Nascimento
- Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento em Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.P.); (T.N.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dina Simes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.M.)
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Viegas C, Araújo N, Marreiros C, Simes D. The interplay between mineral metabolism, vascular calcification and inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): challenging old concepts with new facts. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4274-4299. [PMID: 31241466 PMCID: PMC6628989 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most powerful predictors of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), with heightened susceptibility to vascular intimal and medial calcification associated with a high cardiovascular mortality. Abnormal mineral metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) and underlying (dys)regulated hormonal control in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD) is often accompanied by bone loss and increased vascular calcification (VC). While VC is known to be a multifactorial process and a major risk factor for CVD, the view of primary triggers and molecular mechanisms complexity has been shifting with novel scientific knowledge over the last years. In this review we highlight the importance of calcium-phosphate (CaP) mineral crystals in VC with an integrated view over the complexity of CKD, while discuss past and recent literature aiming to highlight novel horizons on this major health burden. Exacerbated VC in CKD patients might result from several interconnected mechanisms involving abnormal mineral metabolism, dysregulation of endogenous calcification inhibitors and inflammatory pathways, which function in a feedback loop driving disease progression and cardiovascular outcomes. We propose that novel approaches targeting simultaneously VC and inflammation might represent valuable new prognostic tools and targets for therapeutics and management of cardiovascular risk in the CKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Nuna Araújo
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Catarina Marreiros
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Dina Simes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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