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Dominguez-Molina B, Tarancon-Diez L, Milanés-Guisado Y, Genebat M, Resino S, Rodriguez C, Gonzalez-García J, Rallón N, Pernas M, Casado C, Lopez-Galíndez C, León A, Benito JM, García F, Del Romero J, Viciana P, Lopez-Cortes LF, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E. Persistent HIV-controllers are more prone to spontaneously clear HCV: a retrospective cohort study. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 23:e25607. [PMID: 32909370 PMCID: PMC7507465 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV‐controllers have the ability to spontaneously maintain viraemia at low or undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. Furthermore, HIV‐controllers seem to have a superior capacity to spontaneously clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to non HIV‐controllers. Some of these subjects eventually lose HIV‐controller status (transient controllers), whereas some HIV‐controllers show a persistent natural HIV control (persistent controllers). We aimed to analyse whether persistent controllers have superior capacity to spontaneously clear HCV compared to transient controllers. Methods We recruited HIV‐controllers from January 1981 up to October 2016 with available antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV) data (n = 744). Factors associated with HIV spontaneous control in relation to HCV status were analysed in persistent and transient HIV‐controllers with anti‐HCV positive (n = 202 and n = 138 respectively) in comparison with 1700 HCV positive non HIV‐controllers recruited from January 1981 up to March 2018, bivariate and multivariate analyses, following a logistic regression model, were applied. In addition, the factors related to the loss and time to lose HIV‐controller status were explored (n = 744) using Log rank test and Kaplan–Meier curves, in this case the multivariate analysis consisted in a Cox regression model. Results A higher frequency of HCV spontaneous clearance was found in persistent HIV‐controllers (25.5%) compared to non‐controllers (10.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, as sex, age, HIV transmission risk, CD4+ T‐cell nadir and time of follow‐up, HCV clearance was independently associated with persistent HIV spontaneous control (p = 0.002; OR (95% CI) = 2.573 (1.428 to 4.633)), but not with transient spontaneous control (p = 0.119; 1.589 (0.888 to 2.845)). Furthermore, persistent HIV‐controllers were more likely to spontaneously clear the HCV in comparison with transient controllers (p = 0.027; 0.377 (0.159 to 0.893). Finally, not to lose or lengthen the time of losing this control was independently associated with HCV spontaneous clearance (p = 0.010; 0.503 (0.297 to 0.850). Conclusions This study shows an association between spontaneous persistent HIV‐control and HCV spontaneous clearance. The study findings support the idea of preserved immune mechanisms in persistent HIV control implicated in HCV spontaneous clearance. These results highlight persistent HIV‐controllers but not transient controllers as a good model of functional HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dominguez-Molina
- Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Laboratorio de Inmunovirologia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Laboratorio de Inmunovirologia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yusnelkis Milanés-Guisado
- Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Genebat
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirologia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de TOUCH FOR FMicrobiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Norma Rallón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Spain.,Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Maria Pernas
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Casado
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilio Lopez-Galíndez
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agathe León
- Departmento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Benito
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain.,Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Departmento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pompeyo Viciana
- Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis F Lopez-Cortes
- Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirologia, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Viamed, Santa Ángela de la Cruz, Seville, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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- Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología Clínica y Medicina Preventiva. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Casado C, Marrero-Hernández S, Márquez-Arce D, Pernas M, Marfil S, Borràs-Grañana F, Olivares I, Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Valera MS, de Armas-Rillo L, Lemey P, Blanco J, Valenzuela-Fernández A, Lopez-Galíndez C. Viral Characteristics Associated with the Clinical Nonprogressor Phenotype Are Inherited by Viruses from a Cluster of HIV-1 Elite Controllers. mBio 2018; 9:e02338-17. [PMID: 29636433 PMCID: PMC5893881 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02338-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A small group of HIV-1-infected individuals, called long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), and in particular a subgroup of LTNPs, elite controllers (LTNP-ECs), display permanent control of viral replication and lack of clinical progression. This control is the result of a complex interaction of host, immune, and viral factors. We identified, by phylogenetic analysis, a cluster of LTNP-ECs infected with very similar low-replication HIV-1 viruses, suggesting the contribution of common viral features to the clinical LTNP-EC phenotype. HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein mediates signaling and promotes HIV-1 fusion, entry, and infection, being a key factor of viral fitness in vitro, cytopathicity, and infection progression in vivo Therefore, we isolated full-length env genes from viruses of these patients and from chronically infected control individuals. Functional characterization of the initial events of the viral infection showed that Envs from the LTNP-ECs were ineffective in the binding to CD4 and in the key triggering of actin/tubulin-cytoskeleton modifications compared to Envs from chronic patients. The viral properties of the cluster viruses result in a defective viral fusion, entry, and infection, and these properties were inherited by every virus of the cluster. Therefore, inefficient HIV-1 Env functions and signaling defects may contribute to the low viral replication capacity and transmissibility of the cluster viruses, suggesting a direct role in the LTNP-EC phenotype of these individuals. These results highlight the important role of viral characteristics in the LTNP-EC clinical phenotype. These Env viral properties were common to all the cluster viruses and thus support the heritability of the viral characteristics.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 long-term nonprogressor elite controller patients, due to their permanent control of viral replication, have been the object of numerous studies to identify the factors responsible for this clinical phenotype. In this work, we analyzed the viral characteristics of the envelopes of viruses from a phylogenetic cluster of LTNP-EC patients. These envelopes showed ineffective binding to CD4 and the subsequent signaling activity to modify actin/tubulin cytoskeletons, which result in low fusion and deficient entry and infection capacities. These Env viral characteristics could explain the nonprogressor clinical phenotype of these patients. In addition, these inefficient env viral properties were present in all viruses of the cluster, supporting the heritability of the viral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Casado
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Marrero-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel Márquez-Arce
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Pernas
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Marfil
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Ferran Borràs-Grañana
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Olivares
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - María-Soledad Valera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Laura de Armas-Rillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julià Blanco
- Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic, Universitat Central de Catalunya, UVIC, Vic, Spain
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Virología IUETSPC, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Cecilio Lopez-Galíndez
- Unidad de Virologia Molecular, Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Retrovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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