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Oktelik FB, Yilmaz V, Gelmez MY, Akdeniz N, Pamukcu C, Sutlu T, Kose M, Tuzun E, Deniz G. Decline of humoral immune responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection can be efficiently reversed by vaccination. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:543-550. [PMID: 35852365 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody level kinetics after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and determine the efficiency of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels. The study included 50 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 70 uninfected cases. Levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG nucleocapsid protein (IgG-NP), IgG spike protein (IgG-SP), IgM nucleocapsid protein (IgM-NP), and IgA spike protein (IgA-SP) antibodies were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera obtained at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th month follow-up visits for infected cases and at postvaccination visits for all cases. In symptomatic cases (n = 50), IgG-SP levels were decreased in 6 months compared with baseline, while IgA-SP levels were significantly increased. IgG-NP levels were significantly decreased in symptomatic cases at the 6-month visit. After vaccination, IgG-SP levels were increased in symptomatic cases compared with prevaccination levels. Among subjects vaccinated with CoronaVac (the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine), infected cases had approximately double the IgG-SP level of uninfected cases. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were higher at the baseline in symptomatic cases. Nevertheless, all infected cases showed significantly reduced IgG-SP levels at the 6th month. Vaccination effectively increased IgG-SP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betul Oktelik
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Yilmaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yusuf Gelmez
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Akdeniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevriye Pamukcu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Parlar A, Sayitoglu EC, Pamukcu C, Georgoudaki AM, Ozkazanc D, Aras M, Josey B, Chrobok M, Branecki S, Zahedimaram P, Ikromzoda L, Alici E, Erman B, Sutlu T, Duru AD. Abstract A21: Engineering antigen-specific natural killer cells against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-a21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to natural killer (NK) cells has so far been the only practical method for specific targeting of NK cells against surface antigens. In contrast, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy can supply large populations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) genetically modified to express a TCR that can also target intracellular antigens. However, the mispairing of endogenous and genetically transferred TCR subunits constitutes a bottleneck in the development of safe therapies as it often leads to formation of TCRs with unknown specificity. In order to overcome this obstacle and enable intracellular antigen targeting, we propose the use of NK cells for TCR gene therapy. In this study, we approach the obstacles associated with TCR gene therapy from a unique perspective that results in MHC-I-restricted epitope-specific targeting of tumors cells through expression of a functional TCR complex on NK cells. Our results show that the ectopic expression of CD3δ, CD3γ, and CD3ϵ chains along with TCR α/β gene delivery to NK cells enables the functional expression of a TCR specific to the HLA-A2-restiricted tyrosinase-derived melanoma epitope, Tyr368-379. NK cells expressing a functional TCR exhibit the capacity to degranulate in an antigen-specific manner in response to engagement of the cognate peptide/MHC ligand on target cells. In addition, upon engagement of their TCR, NK cells are fully capable of producing proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNF-α, a signature mark of NK cell activation and immune cell recruitment. Finally, NK-TCR cells exhibit MHC-I-restricted antigen detection and antigen-specific lysis of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Antigen-specific targeting of NK cells via TCR gene delivery stands out as a unique discovery providing a novel tool in the field of adoptive immunotherapy that can also overcome the major hurdle of “mispairing” in TCR gene therapy. Clinical trials using NK cells, including genetically modified NK cells expressing activating receptors or CARs, have clearly demonstrated a significant benefit in patients with various malignancies. The overall safety profile and promising clinical benefits of NK cells combined with the exclusive antigen specificity of the TCR, all together provide a novel approach in the design of efficient antigen-specific adoptive immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Ayhan Parlar, Ece C. Sayitoglu, Cevriye Pamukcu, Anna-Maria Georgoudaki, Didem Ozkazanc, Mertkaya Aras, Benjamin Josey, Michael Chrobok, Suzanne Branecki, Pegah Zahedimaram, Lolai Ikromzoda, Evren Alici, Batu Erman, Tolga Sutlu, Adil D. Duru. Engineering antigen-specific natural killer cells against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A21.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adil D. Duru
- 2Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL,
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Sayitoglu EC, Georgoudaki AM, Chrobok M, Ozkazanc D, Josey BJ, Arif M, Kusser K, Hartman M, Chinn TM, Potens R, Pamukcu C, Krueger R, Zhang C, Mardinoglu A, Alici E, Temple HT, Sutlu T, Duru AD. Boosting Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Targeting of Sarcoma Through DNAM-1 and NKG2D. Front Immunol 2020; 11:40. [PMID: 32082316 PMCID: PMC7001093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are malignancies of mesenchymal origin that occur in bone and soft tissues. Many are chemo- and radiotherapy resistant, thus conventional treatments fail to increase overall survival. Natural Killer (NK) cells exert anti-tumor activity upon detection of a complex array of tumor ligands, but this has not been thoroughly explored in the context of sarcoma immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the NK cell receptor/ligand immune profile of primary human sarcoma explants. Analysis of tumors from 32 sarcoma patients identified the proliferative marker PCNA and DNAM-1 ligands CD112 and/or CD155 as commonly expressed antigens that could be efficiently targeted by genetically modified (GM) NK cells. Despite the strong expression of CD112 and CD155 on sarcoma cells, characterization of freshly dissociated sarcomas revealed a general decrease in tumor-infiltrating NK cells compared to the periphery, suggesting a defect in the endogenous NK cell response. We also applied a functional screening approach to identify relevant NK cell receptor/ligand interactions that induce efficient anti-tumor responses using a panel NK-92 cell lines GM to over-express 12 different activating receptors. Using GM NK-92 cells against primary sarcoma explants (n = 12) revealed that DNAM-1 over-expression on NK-92 cells led to efficient degranulation against all tested explants (n = 12). Additionally, NKG2D over-expression showed enhanced responses against 10 out of 12 explants. These results show that DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells may be an efficient approach in targeting sarcomas. The degranulation capacity of GM NK-92 cell lines was also tested against various established tumor cell lines, including neuroblastoma, Schwannoma, melanoma, myeloma, leukemia, prostate, pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer. Enhanced degranulation of DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells was observed against the majority of tumor cell lines tested. In conclusion, DNAM-1 or NKG2D over-expression elicited a dynamic increase in NK cell degranulation against all sarcoma explants and cancer cell lines tested, including those that failed to induce a notable response in WT NK-92 cells. These results support the broad therapeutic potential of DNAM-1+ or NKG2D+ GM NK-92 cells and GM human NK cells for the treatment of sarcomas and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Canan Sayitoglu
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Chrobok
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Didem Ozkazanc
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benjamin J Josey
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Kusser
- Translational Research and Economic Development, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Michelle Hartman
- Translational Research and Economic Development, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Tamara M Chinn
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Renee Potens
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Cevriye Pamukcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Robin Krueger
- Translational Research and Economic Development, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evren Alici
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Thomas Temple
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Doganay Duru
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Parlar A, Sayitoglu EC, Ozkazanc D, Georgoudaki AM, Pamukcu C, Aras M, Josey BJ, Chrobok M, Branecki S, Zahedimaram P, Ikromzoda L, Alici E, Erman B, Duru AD, Sutlu T. Engineering antigen-specific NK cell lines against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1278-1290. [PMID: 31054264 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of Chimeric Antigen Receptors to NK cells has so far been the main practical method for targeting NK cells to specific surface antigens. In contrast, T cell receptor (TCR) gene delivery can supply large populations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) targeted against intracellular antigens. However, a major barrier in the development of safe CTL-TCR therapies exists, wherein the mispairing of endogenous and genetically transferred TCR subunits leads to formation of TCRs with off-target specificity. To overcome this and enable specific intracellular antigen targeting, we have tested the use of NK cells for TCR gene transfer to human cells. Our results show that ectopic expression of TCR α/β chains, along with CD3 subunits, enables the functional expression of an antigen-specific TCR complex on NK cell lines NK-92 and YTS, demonstrated by using a TCR against the HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase-derived melanoma epitope, Tyr368-377 . Most importantly, the introduction of a TCR complex to NK cell lines enables MHC-restricted, antigen-specific killing of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting of NK cells via TCR gene delivery stands out as a novel tool in the field of adoptive immunotherapy which can also overcome the major hurdle of "mispairing" in TCR gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Parlar
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Canan Sayitoglu
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Didem Ozkazanc
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cevriye Pamukcu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mertkaya Aras
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benjamin J Josey
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michael Chrobok
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Branecki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Pegah Zahedimaram
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lolai Ikromzoda
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Alici
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Batu Erman
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil D Duru
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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