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Winkle RA, Hardwin Mead R, Engel G, Salcedo J, Brodt C, Barberini P, Lebsack C, Kong MH, Kalantarian S, Patrawala RA. Early ablation of newly diagnosed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (NEWPaAF) versus newly diagnosed persistent atrial fibrillation (NEWPeAF): Comparison of patient populations and ablation outcomes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:984-993. [PMID: 38486082 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about very early atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation after first AF detection. METHODS We evaluated patients with AF ablation <4 months from newly diagnosed paroxysmal AF (NEWPaAF) and newly diagnosed persistent AF (NEWPeAF). We compared the two patient populations and compared ablation outcomes to those undergoing later ablation. RESULTS Ablation was done <4 months from AF diagnosis in 353 patients (135 = paroxysmal, 218 = persistent). Early ablation outcome was best for NEWPaAF versus NEWPeAF for initial (p = 0.030) but not final (p = 0.102) ablation. Despite recent AF diagnosis in both groups, they were clinically quite different. NEWPaAF patients were younger (64.3 ± 13.0 vs. 67.3 ± 10.9, p = 0.0020), failed fewer drugs (0.39 vs. 0.60, p = 0.007), had smaller LA size (4.12 ± 0.58 vs. 4.48 ± 0.59 cm, p < 0.0001), lower BMI (28.8 ± 5.0 vs. 30.3 ± 6.0, p = 0.016), and less CAD (3.7% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.007), cardiomyopathies (2.2% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.0001), hypertension (46.7% vs. 67.4%, p < 0.0001), diabetes (8.1% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.011) and sleep apnea (20.0% vs. 30.3%, p = 0.031). For NEWPaAF, early ablation AF-free outcome was no better than later ablation (p = 0.314). For NEWPeAF, AF-free outcomes were better for early ablation than later ablation (p < 0.0001). Delaying ablation allowed more strokes/TIAs in both AF types (paroxysmal p = 0.014, persistent p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients presenting for early ablation after newly diagnosed persistent AF have more pre-existing comorbidities and worse initial ablation outcomes than patients with NEWPaAF. For NEWPaAF, there was no advantage to early ablation, as long as the AF remained paroxysmal. For NEWPeAF, early ablation gave better outcomes than later ablation and they should undergo early ablation. For both AF types, waiting was associated with more neurologic events, suggesting all patients should consider earlier ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Winkle
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - R Hardwin Mead
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Gregory Engel
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Salcedo
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Chad Brodt
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Patricia Barberini
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Lebsack
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Melissa H Kong
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Shadi Kalantarian
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Rob A Patrawala
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California, USA
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Winkle RA, Mead RH, Engel G, Salcedo J, Brodt C, Barberini P, Lebsack C, Kong MH, Kalantarian S, Patrawala RA. Very long term outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:680-688. [PMID: 36764350 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the very long term durability of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate very long term AF ablation outcomes. METHODS We followed 5200 patients undergoing 7145 ablation procedures. We evaluated outcomes after single and multiple ablation procedures for paroxysmal (PAF; 33.6%), persistent (PeAF; 56.4%), and long-standing (LsAF; 9.9%) AF. We compared 3 ablation eras by initial ablation catheter: early (101 patients) using solid big tip (SBT) catheters (October 2003 to December 2005), intermediate (2143 patients) using open irrigated tip (OIT) catheters (December 2005 to August 2016), and contemporary (2956 patients) using contact force (CF) catheters (March 2014 to December 2021). RESULTS AF freedom at 5, 10, and 15 years was as follows: initial ablation: PAF 67.8%, 56.3%, 47.6%; PeAF 46.6%, 35.6%, 26.5%; and LsAF 30.4%, 18.0%, 3.4%; final ablation: PAF 80.3%, 72.6%, 62.5%; PeAF 60.1%, 50.2%, 42.5%; and LsAF 43.4%, 32.0%, 20.6%. For PAF and PeAF, CF ablation procedures were better than OIT ablation procedures (P < .0001) and both were better than SBT ablation procedures (P < .001). LsAF had no outcome improvement over the eras. The 8-year success rate after final ablation for CF, OIT, and SBT catheter eras was as follows: PAF 79.1%, 71.8%, 60.0%; PeAF 55.9%, 50.7%, 38.0%; and LsAF 42.7%, 36.2%, 31.8%. Highest AF recurrence was in the first 2 years, with a 2- to 15-year recurrence of 2%/yr. Success predictors after initial and final ablation procedures were younger age, smaller left atrium, shorter AF duration, male sex, less persistent AF, lower CHA2DS2-VASc score, fewer drugs failed, and more recent catheter era. CONCLUSION After year 2, there is 2%/yr recurrence rate for all AF types. Ablation success is best in the CF catheter era, intermediate in the OIT era, and worst in the SBT era. Over the ablation eras, outcomes improved for PAF and PeAF but not for LsAF. We should follow patients indefinitely after ablation. We need an understanding of how to better ablate more persistent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Winkle
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California.
| | - R Hardwin Mead
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Gregory Engel
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Jonathan Salcedo
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Chad Brodt
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Patricia Barberini
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Cynthia Lebsack
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Melissa H Kong
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Shadi Kalantarian
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
| | - Rob A Patrawala
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation and Silicon Valley Cardiology, East Palo Alto, California; Sequoia Hospital, Redwood City, California
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Deb B, Rogers AJ, Bhatia NK, Baykaner T, Turakhia M, Clopton PL, Chang HJ, Brodt C, Narayan SM, Wang PJ, Viswanathan MN. Machine learned clusters explain heterogeneity in outcomes from map-guided ablation of Atrial Fibrillation results from the large PROspective STanford AF Registry (ProSTAR). Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several mapping systems are being introduced to guide atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation to patient-specific regions of interest. However, results have been extremely heterogeneous between studies, ranging from very poor to very promising. It is unknown if this reflects specific patient characteristics or procedural factors because most prior series were middle sized (N∼30–100 patients).
Purpose
To study 1 year and 3 year very long-term outcomes from map guided AF-driver ablation in a large patient registry with multiple operators, to identify clinical and procedural features influencing outcomes. In real-world AF patients with diverse comorbidities, we applied a consistent patient-tailored AF mapping and ablation strategy, monitored outcomes carefully and applied statistical and unsupervised machine learning approaches to identify features of success and failure.
Method
We studied 632 consecutive patients (65±10 y, 178 F) undergoing ablation for drug-refractory AF. 59.7% had persistent AF, and 29.9% had prior unsuccessful ablation (median 1 procedure). All patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), followed by ablation of AF regions of interest mapped from 64 pole baskets (RhythmView, Abbott, IL), by 11 operators. Patients were followed using ambulatory ECG monitors quarterly for one year, and at the time of symptoms for 3 years.
Results
Fig. 1A shows overall freedom from AF at 1-year of 77.5% (95% CI: 74.2%, 80.9%) and at 3 years of 55.5% (95% CI: 51.2%, 60.1%). Freedom from AF/AT at 1-year was 70.1% (95% CI: 66.5%, 73.8%), and at 3 years was 48.6% (95% CI: 44.3%, 53.3%). Success was higher in patients with procedural termination, first ablation versus prior unsuccessful procedures, for paroxysmal AF than non-paroxysmal AF (1 year: AT/AF freedom 74.9% versus 66.7%, p=0.006), and smaller left atrium. Three clusters (Fig 1B) were identified comprising CHA2DS2VASc score, enlarged LA, prior failed case, presenting rhythm and termination during the procedure (Table 2). At 1 year, freedom from AT/AF was 77.8% (95% CI: 72.2%, 82.1%) for cluster 3 and 56.2% (95% CI: 48.3%, 65.4%) for cluster 1 (Fig. 1B).
Conclusion
In our large registry of N=632 patients undergoing AF-map guided ablations, machine learned clusters identified cohorts with success of 56.2 to 77.8% at 1 year. Future studies should identify if lower success represents technical challenges, such as difficulties in mapping very large atria, or more difficult to treat mechanisms. These results may inform patient inclusion and ablation strategy in upcoming AF treatment trials.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National budget only - NIH, R01 HL149134, R01HL83359
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Affiliation(s)
- B Deb
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - A J Rogers
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - N K Bhatia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - T Baykaner
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - M Turakhia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - P L Clopton
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - H J Chang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - C Brodt
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - S M Narayan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - P J Wang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
| | - M N Viswanathan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiology , Palo Alto , United States of America
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Bhatia NK, Shah RL, Deb B, Pong T, Kapoor R, Rogers A, Badhwar N, Brodt C, Wang PJ, Narayan SM, Lee AM. Mapping Atrial Fibrillation After Surgical Therapy to Guide Endocardial Ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2022; 15:e010502. [PMID: 35622437 PMCID: PMC9839337 DOI: 10.1161/circep.121.010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) can be effective, yet has mixed results. It is unclear which endocardial lesions delivered as part of hybrid therapy' will best augment surgical lesion sets in individual patients. We addressed this question by systematically mapping AF endocardially after surgical ablation and relating findings to early recurrence, then performing tailored endocardial ablation as part of hybrid therapy. METHODS We studied 81 consecutive patients undergoing epicardial surgical ablation (stage 1 hybrid), of whom 64 proceeded to endocardial catheter mapping and ablation (stage 2). Stage 2 comprised high-density mapping of pulmonary vein (PV) or posterior wall (PW) reconnections, low-voltage zones (LVZs), and potential localized AF drivers. We related findings to postsurgical recurrence of AF. RESULTS Mapping at stage 2 revealed PW isolation reconnection in 59.4%, PV isolation reconnection in 28.1%, and LVZ in 42.2% of patients. Postsurgical recurrence of AF occurred in 36 patients (56.3%), particularly those with long-standing persistent AF (P=0.017), but had no relationship to reconnection of PVs (P=0.53) or PW isolation (P=0.75) when compared with those without postsurgical recurrence of AF. LVZs were more common in patients with postsurgical recurrence of AF (P=0.002), long-standing persistent AF (P=0.002), advanced age (P=0.03), and elevated CHA2DS2-VASc (P=0.046). AF mapping revealed 4.4±2.7 localized focal/rotational sites near and also remote from PV or PW reconnection. After ablation at patient-specific targets, arrhythmia freedom at 1 year was 81.0% including and 73.0% excluding previously ineffective antiarrhythmic medications. CONCLUSIONS After surgical ablation, AF may recur by several modes particularly related to localized mechanisms near low voltage zones, recovery of posterior wall or pulmonary vein isolation, or other sustaining mechanisms. LVZs are more common in patients at high clinical risk for recurrence. Patient-specific targeting of these mechanisms yields excellent long-term outcomes from hybrid ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K. Bhatia
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA;,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rajan L. Shah
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Brototo Deb
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Terrence Pong
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ridhima Kapoor
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Albert Rogers
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nitish Badhwar
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA;,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chad Brodt
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul J. Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA;,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sanjiv M. Narayan
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA;,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anson M. Lee
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA;,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Pong T, Shah RL, Carlton C, Truong A, Fann B, Cyr K, Aparicio-Valenzuela J, Brodt C, Wang PJ, Lee AM. Hybrid Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Safety & Efficacy of Unilateral Epicardial Access. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 35:277-286. [PMID: 35278664 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid ablation combines thoracoscopic epicardial ablation with percutaneous catheter based endocardial ablation for the treatment of AF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hybrid ablation surgery for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), and to compare outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral thoracoscopic epicardial ablation. Patients with documented AF who underwent hybrid ablation were followed post-operatively for major events. Major events were classified into two categories consisting of 1) safety, comprising all-cause mortality and major morbidities, and 2) efficacy, which included recurrence of atrial arrhythmia, cessation of antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD), and completeness of lesion set. A total of 84 consecutive patients were consented for hybrid ablation. Patients presented with an average AF duration of 85.9 months before hybrid ablation. 80 patients underwent successful thoracoscopic epicardial ablation. At one-year, 87% (60/69) of patients were free from AF and 73% (50/69) were free from AF and off AAD. 63 patients completed both epicardial and endocardial hybrid ablation with posterior wall isolation achieved in 89% (56/63) of patients. Unilateral epicardial ablation was associated with significantly shorter hospital length of stay compared to bilateral surgical approached (3.9 vs. 6.7 days, p = 0.002) with no difference in freedom from AF between groups at 1 year. Hybrid ablation for atrial fibrillation is effective for patients at high risk for recurrence after catheter ablation. The unilateral surgical approach may be associated with shorter hospital stay with no appreciable effect on procedure success rates. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of unilateral epicardial access for hybrid ablation in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic treatment. Hybrid ablation for atrial fibrillation is effective for patients at high risk for recurrence after catheter ablation. The unilateral surgical approach may be associated with shorter hospital stay with no appreciable effect on procedure success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence Pong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Rajan L Shah
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Cody Carlton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Angeline Truong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Beatty Fann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kevin Cyr
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joy Aparicio-Valenzuela
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chad Brodt
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Paul J Wang
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Anson M Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
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Pong T, Shah RL, Carlton C, Truong A, Cyr K, Aparicio-Valenzuela J, Brodt C, Wang PJ, Lee AM. B-PO02-115 MINIMALIST APPROACH TO HYBRID ABLATION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: FEASIBILITY & EFFICACY OF UNILATERAL EPICARDIAL ACCESS. Heart Rhythm 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.06.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zei PC, Quadros KK, Clopton P, Thosani A, Ferguson J, Brodt C, O'Riordan G, Ramsis M, Mitra R, Baykaner T. Safety and Efficacy of Minimal- versus Zero-fluoroscopy Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Multicenter, Prospective Study. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2020; 11:4281-4291. [PMID: 33262896 PMCID: PMC7685314 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2020.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency catheter ablation (CA) is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) that traditionally requires fluoroscopic imaging to guide catheter movement and positioning. However, advances in electroanatomic mapping (EAM) technology and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) have reduced procedural reliance on fluoroscopy. We conducted a prospective registry study of 162 patients enrolled at five centers proficient in high-volume, minimal-fluoroscopy CA between March 2016 and March 2018 for the CA of symptomatic, drug-refractory paroxysmal, or persistent AF that sought to assess the safety and efficacy of minimal- versus zero-fluoroscopy AF CA. We evaluated procedural details, acute procedural outcomes and complications, and one-year follow-up data. All operators used an EAM system (CARTO®; Biosense Webster, Irvine, CA, USA) and ICE. Ultimately, two patients did not pursue CA postenrollment. A total of 104 (66%) patients had paroxysmal AF with a mean ejection fraction of 58% ± 9%. Twenty-six (16.3%) patients were scheduled for repeat ablation. A total of 100 (63%) procedures were performed with zero fluoroscopy. The mean fluoroscopy time in the minimal-fluoroscopy group was 1.7 minutes ± 2.8 minutes. Further, the mean procedure duration was 192 minutes ± 37 minutes in the zero-fluoroscopy group and 201 minutes ± 29 minutes in the minimal-fluoroscopy group (p = 0.96). Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in 153 patients (100%), with an acute procedural complication rate of 1.8%. One-year follow-up data were available for 152 (95%) patients with a mean follow-up time of 11.3 months ± 1.8 months. A total of 118 (76%) patients remained free from arrhythmia for up to 12 months, with no difference between the minimal- and zero-fluoroscopy cohorts (p = 0.18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Zei
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Kowalewski CAB, Rodrigo M, Brodt C, Haddad F, Wang PJ, Narayan SM. Novel three-dimensional imaging approach for cryoballoon navigation and confirmation of pulmonary vein occlusion. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2020; 43:269-277. [PMID: 31868241 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoballoon apposition is crucial for durable pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in atrial fibrillation, yet the balloon is difficult to visualize by conventional mapping systems, and pulmonary venography may miss small or out-of-plane leaks. We report a novel imaging system that offers real-time 3D navigation of the cryoballoon within atrial anatomy that may circumvent these issues. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel overlay guidance system (OGS) registers already-acquired segmented atrial cardiac tomography (CT) with fluoroscopy, enabling real-time visualization of the cryoballoon within tomographic left atrial imaging during PVI. Phantom experiments in a patient-specific 3D printed left atrium showed feasibility for confirming PV apposition and leaks. We applied OGS prospectively to 68 PVs during PVI in 17 patients. The cryoballoon was successfully reconstructed in all cases, and its apposition was compared to concurrent PV venography. The OGS uncovered leaks undetected by venography in nine veins (eight cases), which enabled repositioning, confirming apposition in remaining 68 veins. Concordance of OGS to venography was 83.8% (χ2 , P < .01) CONCLUSIONS: We report a new system for real-time imaging of cryoballoon catheters to ensure PV apposition within the tomography of the left atrium. While providing high concordance with other imaging modalities for confirming balloon apposition or leak, the system also identified leaks missed by venography. Future studies should determine if this tool can provide a new reference for cryoballoon positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A B Kowalewski
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Rodrigo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Chad Brodt
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Francois Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Paul J Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Quadros K, Baykaner T, Thosani A, Mitra R, Ferguson J, Brodt C, Zei P. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MINIMAL FLUOROSCOPY APPROACH FOR CATHETER ABLATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A MULTI CENTER, PROSPECTIVE REGISTRY. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Rogers AJ, Bhatia NK, Brodt C, Narayan SM. Editorial: High density mapping of atrial fibrillation sources. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:964-965. [PMID: 31056801 PMCID: PMC6591061 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Rogers
- Cardiovascular Division and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Neal K Bhatia
- Cardiovascular Division and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chad Brodt
- Cardiovascular Division and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Cardiovascular Division and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Bhatia NK, Hossainy S, Rogers A, Alhusseini M, Brodt C, Moosvi N, Baykaner T, Wang P, Rappel WJ, Narayan S. SITES THAT CONTROL LARGER AREAS DURING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION MAY DETERMINE TERMINATION DURING ABLATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kaiser DW, Nasir JM, Liem LB, Brodt C, Motonaga KS, Ceresnak SR, Turakhia MP, Dubin AM. A novel pacing maneuver to verify the postpacing interval minus the tachycardia cycle length while adjusting for decremental conduction: Using "dual-chamber entrainment" for improved supraventricular tachycardia discrimination. Heart Rhythm 2018; 16:717-723. [PMID: 30465902 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postpacing interval (PPI) minus the tachycardia cycle length (TCL) is frequently used to investigate tachycardias. However, a variety of issues (eg, failure to entrain, decremental conduction, and oscillating TCLs) can make interpretation of the PPI-TCL challenging. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel maneuver to confirm the PPI-TCL value without using either the ventricular PPI or the TCL interval and to assess the ability of this maneuver to identify decremental conduction and differentiate supraventricular tachycardias. METHODS We analyzed 77 intracardiac recordings from patients (age 25 ± 20 years; 40 female) who underwent catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) or orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) with a concealed pathway. We calculated the PPI-TCL, the AH-corrected PPI-TCL, and estimated the PPI-TCL using "dual-chamber entrainment" calculated as [PPIV - TCL = Stim(A→V) + Stim(V→A) - PPIA]. RESULTS The PPI-TCL calculated by dual-chamber entrainment highly correlated with the observed and AH-corrected PPI-TCL (R2 = 0.79 and 0.96, respectively; P <.001]. A dual-chamber entrainment PPI-TCL value of 80 ms correctly differentiated all AVNRT from septal ORT cases, whereas the standard PPI-TCL and AH-corrected PPI-TCL methods were incorrect in 14% and 6% of cases, respectively. Dual-chamber entrainment identified 3 ± 10 ms of additional decremental conduction beyond AH prolongation, including 4 pathways with significant (>10 ms) decrement. CONCLUSION Dual-chamber entrainment estimates the PPI-TCL value without using either the ventricular PPI or the TCL interval. This maneuver adjusts for all decremental conduction, including within concealed pathways, where a dual-chamber entrainment PPI-TCL value >80 ms favors AVNRT over ORT. This maneuver can be used to verify the observed PPI-TCL value in challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Kaiser
- El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, California; St Helena Hospital, St Helena, California.
| | - Javed M Nasir
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - L Bing Liem
- El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, California; St Helena Hospital, St Helena, California
| | - Chad Brodt
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kara S Motonaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Scott R Ceresnak
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mintu P Turakhia
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Anne M Dubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Zei P, Thosani A, Mitra R, Ferguson J, Brodt C, Sakarovitch C, O'riordan G. P1405Minimal fluoroscopy atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: a prospective multicenter registry. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/eux158.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Brodt C, Siegfried JD, Hofmeyer M, Martel J, Rampersaud E, Li D, Morales A, Hershberger RE. Temporal relationship of conduction system disease and ventricular dysfunction in LMNA cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2014; 19:233-9. [PMID: 23582089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LMNA cardiomyopathy presents with electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, conduction system disease (CSD), and/or arrhythmias before the onset of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Knowing the time interval between the onset of CSD and its progression to DCM would help to guide clinical care. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated family members from 16 pedigrees previously identified to carry LMNA mutations for the ages of onset of ECG abnormalities, CSD, or arrhythmia and of left ventricular enlargement (LVE) and/or systolic dysfunction. Of 103 subjects, 64 carried their family LMNA mutation, and 51 (79%) had ECG abnormalities with a mean age of onset of 41.2 years (range 18-76). Ventricular dysfunction was observed in 26 with a mean age of onset of 47.6 years (range 28-82); at diagnosis 9 had systolic dysfunction but no LVE, 5 had LVE but no systolic dysfunction, and 11 had DCM. Of 16 subjects identified with ECG abnormalities who later developed ventricular dysfunction, the median ages of onset by log-rank analyses were 41 and 48 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ECG abnormalities preceded DCM with a median difference of 7 years. Clinical surveillance should occur at least annually in those at risk for LMNA cardiomyopathy with any ECG findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Brodt
- Cardiovascular Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
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