1
|
Siddegowda-Bangalore B, Devaraj S, Rao RA, Jafri SH, Ilonze OJ, Denlinger CE, Guglin M. No Evidence for Oversizing Hearts and Donor Size Impact on 1-Year Survival in Heart Failure Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device. Am J Cardiol 2023; 207:215-221. [PMID: 37751669 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The predicted heart mass (PHM) ratio has recently emerged as a better metric for donor-to-recipient size-matching than weight ratios. It is unknown whether this applies to transplant candidates on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. Our study examines if PHM ratio is optimal for size-matching specifically in the LVAD patient population. Patients with LVAD who received a heart transplant from January 1997 to December 2020 in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database were studied. We compared 5 size-matching metrics, including donor-recipient ratios of weight, height, body mass index, body surface area, and PHM. Single and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for 1-year mortality were calculated. Our sample consisted of 11,891 patients. In our multivariate analysis, we found that patients in the undersized group with PHM ratios <0.83 had a hazard ratio for 1-year mortality of 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.65, p = 0.007) suggestive of increased mortality with the use of undersized donors. There was no statistical difference in mortality between the matched (PHM ratio 0.83 to 1.2) and oversized group (PHM ratio ≥1.2). In heart transplant recipients on LVAD support, the PHM ratio provides better risk stratification than other metrics. Use of undersized donor hearts with PHM ratio <0.83 confers higher 1-year mortality. Using oversized donor hearts for transplantation in recipients on LVAD support has no benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Siddegowda-Bangalore
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Orlando Health Heart & Vascular Institute, Orlando, Florida; Miller College of Business, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana; Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Fellowship, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Srikant Devaraj
- Miller College of Business, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Roopa A Rao
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Fellowship, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - S Hammad Jafri
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Fellowship, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Onyedika J Ilonze
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Fellowship, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Fellowship, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maya Guglin
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Fellowship, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Denlinger CE. Glass half full. Ann Thorac Surg 2023:S0003-4975(23)00959-1. [PMID: 37717883 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Drive, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zborek K, Denlinger CE. Casual Observation. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:561-562. [PMID: 37230277 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Zborek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loria C, Denlinger CE. Zeroing In on the Target. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:641-642. [PMID: 35700804 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Loria
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Denlinger CE. One Size Does Not Fit All. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:551-552. [PMID: 37030432 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Denlinger CE. Fifteen Is Just a Number. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:137. [PMID: 37207871 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Denlinger CE. With a Grain of Salt. Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 114:2048-2049. [PMID: 35460621 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Klipsch EC, Denlinger CE. Commentary: Dogma and data. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 164:409-410. [PMID: 34635314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Klipsch
- College of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- College of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Patel Y, Denlinger CE. The Thoracic Surgeon's Role in the Opiate Crisis. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:1798-1799. [PMID: 33279535 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Patel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University, 545 Barnhill Dr, EH 215, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Nasarre C, Peterson YK, Nasarre P, Dimou A, Armeson KE, Drabkin HA, Demore N, Denlinger CE, Gemmill RM. Abstract 2994: Inhibition of the NRP2b:GSK3β binding interaction with peptides and macrocycles exerts anticancer effects in lung cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Neuropilin-2b (NRP2b) expression is associated with pro-tumorigenic properties of NSCLCs. We previously reported that NRP2b promotes metastasis and drug resistance, while the canonical NRP2a isoform is inhibitory. Our recent work indicates that the NRP2b cytoplasmic domain recruits GSK3β to phosphorylate and promote degradation of co-recruited PTEN, thereby enhancing AKT activity leading to enhanced survival, migration and drug resistance. We identified a 15-amino acid motif near the NRP2b C-terminus required for interaction with GSK3β. Herein, we describe the anticancer effect of peptides and drug-like macrocycles designed to disrupt this interaction.
Methods: We used the cytoplasmic sequence of NRP2b for decoy peptides designed to disrupt the interaction with GSK3β. Control peptides were synthesized with alanine replacements for three amino acids suggested as crucial for GSK3β recruitment. All peptides were N-terminally myristoylated to promote association with and flipping to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. A library of over 42,000 drug-like macrocycles was screened in silico for compounds predicted to fit and compete with the NRP2b:GSK3β binding interface. Decoy peptides and macrocycles were assessed for anti-NRP2b activity using assays for migration and drug-tolerant persister cells. Transwell migration assays were performed using a Neuro Probe Reusable Multiwell Chemotaxis Chamber. Persister cell assays were performed with EGFR mutant PC9 and HCC827 cells in the presence of EGFR inhibitors (gefitinib or osimertinib), followed by drug withdrawal and colony formation assays.
Results: As previously reported, knockdown of NRP2b inhibited, while knockdown of NRP2a enhanced, migration of lung cancer cell lines. Importantly, emergence of drug-tolerant persister cells was similarly inhibited by knockdown of NRP2b and enhanced by knockdown of NRP2a. Wild type, but not control, peptides abrogated the pro-tumorigenic effects of NRP2a knockdown on both migration and persister cell formation with IC50s of ~250 nM. The most effective macrocycles, M3 and M7, inhibited NRP2b-dependent migration with IC50s of 1-3 µM. Both macrocycles also inhibited generation of persister cell colonies from shNRP2a-PC-9 cells. However, only M3 was effective at blocking persisters from shNRP2a-HCC827 cells.
Conclusions: NRP2b:GSK3β interaction is a therapeutic target in NSCLC affecting migration/invasion and persister colony formation associated with the emergence of resistance to EGFR inhibitors. This work justifies further development of these peptides and drug-like macrocycles as therapeutic modalities in lung cancer.
Citation Format: Cecile Nasarre, Yuri K. Peterson, Patrick Nasarre, Anastasios Dimou, Kent E. Armeson, Harry A. Drabkin, Nancy Demore, Chadrick E. Denlinger, Robert M. Gemmill. Inhibition of the NRP2b:GSK3β binding interaction with peptides and macrocycles exerts anticancer effects in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2994.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Demore
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kwon JH, Denlinger CE. WITHDRAWN:Does dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane enhance esophageal anastomotic healing? Ann Thorac Surg 2020:S0003-4975(20)30914-0. [PMID: 32540440 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie H Kwon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St. Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St. Charleston, SC 29425
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Denlinger CE. Commentary: Durable activity of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 161:446-447. [PMID: 32505452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dimou A, Nasarre C, Peterson YK, Pagano R, Gooz M, Nasarre P, Drabkin HA, Armeson KE, Gibney BC, Gemmill RM, Denlinger CE. Neuropilin-2b facilitates resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:463-473. [PMID: 32653291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate and acquired resistance is the principle factor limiting the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. We have observed a dramatic upregulation of the cell surface co-receptor neuropilin-2b in lung cancers clinically treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors correlating with acquired resistance. We hypothesize that neuropilin-2b plays a functional role in acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. METHODS Non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and survival were determined during chronic tyrosine kinase inhibitor exposure in the presence or absence of neuropilin-2b knock-down. Interactions of neuropilin-2a and neuropilin-2b isoforms with PTEN and GSK3β were assessed by immunoprecipitation. Neuropilin-2a and neuropilin-2b mutants deleted for their cytoplasmic domains were used to identify regions responsible for neuropilin-2b-GSK3β interaction. Because GSK3β is known to phosphorylate and degrade PTEN, phospho-PTEN and total PTEN levels were assessed after transfection of neuropilin-2a and neuropilin-2b wild-type and mutant constructs. RESULTS Non-small cell lung cancer cells chronically treated with gefitinib or osimertinib developed drug resistance and exhibited logarithmic growth in the presence of endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, neuropilin-2b knockdown cells remained sensitive to gefitinib. Likewise, neuropilin-2b knockdown suppressed and neuropilin-2a knockdown enhanced cellular migration. Acquired drug resistance and cell migration correlated with neuropilin-2b-dependent AKT activation with the intermediate step of GSK3β-dependent PTEN degradation. A specific binding site for GSK3β on the cytoplasmic domain of neuropilin-2b was identified with truncated protein constructs and computer modeling. CONCLUSIONS Neuropilin-2b facilitates non-small cell lung cancer resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and this biological effect relates to AKT activation. Neuropilin-2b GSK3β interactions appear to be essential for PTEN degradation and AKT activation in lung cancer cells. Disruption of the neuropilin-2b GSK3β interaction may represent a novel treatment strategy to preserve sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Dimou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Cecile Nasarre
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rose Pagano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Patrick Nasarre
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kent E Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Barry C Gibney
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwon JH, Denlinger CE. Commentary: Don't fear the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 161:455-456. [PMID: 32279958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie H Kwon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Denlinger CE, Gibney BC. Selective Delivery of Adjuvant Chemotherapy to Healthier Patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 109:1520-1521. [PMID: 32074503 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry C Gibney
- Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St, Charleston, SC 29425
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Denlinger CE. Commentary: Ex vivo perfusion with green tea. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 161:S0022-5223(20)30285-3. [PMID: 32113720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Denlinger CE. Commentary: To wedge or not to wedge. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 160:1359-1360. [PMID: 32014328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sbrocchi AJ, Denlinger CE. Selecting Appropriate Patients for Sublobar Resection. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 32:591-592. [PMID: 31887348 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sbrocchi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Denlinger CE, Krantz SB. Commentary: Sifting the needles from the hay. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:1567-1568. [PMID: 31735385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| | - Seth B Krantz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Ill
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Denlinger CE. Commentary: Two chests are better than one. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:1718-1719. [PMID: 31519415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Engelhardt KE, Coughlin JM, DeCamp MM, Denlinger CE, Meyerson SL, Bharat A, Odell DD. Survival after adjuvant radiation therapy in localized small cell lung cancer treated with complete resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:1665-1677.e2. [PMID: 31627955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is an overall survival (OS) benefit to the addition of thoracic radiation therapy (RT) following R0 resection of pathologic (p) T1 or pT2 N0 M0 small cell lung cancer. METHODS Using the National Cancer Database, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis. Patients who underwent R0 resection for pT1 or p2 N0 M0 small cell lung cancer, stratified by receipt of adjuvant thoracic RT, were compared on the basis of OS using hierarchical Cox Proportional hazards models. RESULTS Of 4969 patients diagnosed with pT1or pT2 N0 M0 SCLC from 2004 to 2014, 1617 (33%) underwent R0 resection of their primary tumor; of these resected patients, 146 (9.0%) had adjuvant thoracic RT. In unadjusted analysis, there was no significant difference in OS between groups (median survival: surgery alone, 62.2 months vs surgery+RT, 43.8 months; P = .1436). In multivariable analysis, RT was not associated with improved survival (P = .099). There was no significant difference in unadjusted or adjusted survival associated with receipt of RT in both a young and healthy cohort (P = .647 for unadjusted and P = .858 for adjusted) and a matched cohort (P = .867 and P = .954). In the matched cohort, improved OS was associated with younger patient age (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.10; P < .001), female sex (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.68, 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.97; P = .035), and smaller tumors (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.03; P = .005). Having 2 or more comorbidities was associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.86; P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Although complete resection was accomplished in a minority of patients, for these patients, survival was good. The addition of thoracic RT to complete resection does not appear to confer additional survival benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Engelhardt
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery and Center for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Northwestern Institute for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julia M Coughlin
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery and Center for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Malcolm M DeCamp
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Shari L Meyerson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - David D Odell
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery and Center for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Northwestern Institute for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dimou A, Nasarre C, Gooz M, Pagano R, Peterson Y, Armeson K, Drabkin HA, Nasarre P, Denlinger CE, Gemmill RM. Abstract 2624: NRP2b promotes migration, drug resistance and AKT activation in lung cancers by recruiting GSK3â to phosphorylate and destabilize PTEN. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Neuropilins (NRPs) are cell surface co-receptors known to enhance signaling from multiple ligands, including growth factors and their cognate receptors, such as HGF/MET. We have previously shown that the novel “b” isoform of NRP2 (NRP2b) is specifically associated with aggressive NSCLC and is required for TGFβ-induced EMT. We also found that NRP2b promotes AKT activation, drug resistance and metastatic spread, while the canonical NRP2a isoform inhibits these processes. However, the mechanisms supporting these differential functions remain obscure.
Results: Live cell imaging revealed that NRP2b expression led to slow internalization/rapid surface recycling of HGF-bound MET compared to NRP2a, which promoted rapid internalization and little/no recycling. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that GSK3β interacted robustly with NRP2b, but only weakly with NRP2a. Our previous work demonstrated analogous differential recruitment of PTEN, but with reversed preferences; i.e., robust binding to NRP2a, but weak binding to NRP2b. Importantly, GSK3β inhibition blocked HGF-dependent migration of lung cancer cells expressing NRP2b, but not in cells expressing NRP2a. Given that PTEN is an established target of GSK3β, and that modification by GSK3β leads to its proteasome-mediated degradation, PTEN levels were examined in cells expressing individual NRP2 isoforms. PTEN was significantly reduced by expression of NRP2b, but not by NRP2a. The reduction of PTEN in the presence of NRP2b was blocked by inhibition of GSK3β, and by proteasome inhibition with MG132. Despite lower PTEN levels, phosphorylation of the GSK3β target site on Thr366 was specifically increased by NRP2b. Co-immunoprecipitation of GSK3β with NRP2b deletion mutants identified a C-terminal 15 amino acid peptide as the site of interaction. Mutants without this sequence failed to recruit GSK3β and failed to reduce PTEN levels. In silico modeling of this peptide suggested an amphipathic alpha-helical structure with a high affinity docking site (ΔG = -45 kcal) on the atomic structure of GSK3β.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that NRP2b promotes receptor signaling to AKT by differential endosomal trafficking and by recruitment of GSK3β. This kinase will phosphorylate and destabilize active PTEN recruited into the complex by NRP2a, which heterodimerizes with NRP2b. Increased AKT signaling following PTEN loss is likely responsible for the pro-tumorigenic properties of NRP2b, including resistance to targeted agents and metastatic spread. This novel mechanism for NRP2b function suggests that targeting its interaction with GSK3β might be a fruitful therapeutic strategy to reduce drug resistance and/or metastatic spread in lung cancer.
Citation Format: Anastasios Dimou, Cecile Nasarre, Monika Gooz, Rose Pagano, Yuri Peterson, Kent Armeson, Harry A. Drabkin, Patrick Nasarre, Chadrick E. Denlinger, Robert M. Gemmill. NRP2b promotes migration, drug resistance and AKT activation in lung cancers by recruiting GSK3â to phosphorylate and destabilize PTEN [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2624.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Gooz
- 2Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | - Kent Armeson
- 2Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Soloff AC, Stanton RA, Radio NM, Freilino-Glunt M, Nasarre C, Dimou A, Nasarre P, Denlinger CE, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Lotze MT, Dhupar R, Gemmill R. Neuropilin-2 Isoforms Regulate Distinct Functions of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Breast Cancer. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.187.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Neuropilins are neural guidance molecules which contribute to tissue development. We have shown that the two isoforms of neuropilin-2 endow opposing functionality to tumor cells due to distinct signaling pathways, with Nrp2b promoting metastatic behavior. Due to the role of macrophages (Mθ) in organogenesis and metastasis, we examine the role of Nrp2 isoforms in these cells.
Methods
Stable shRNA knockdown of Nrp2a or Nrp2b in Raw264.7 Mθ were generated. Phagocytosis, cytokine production, and migration were assessed in knockdowns in response to stimuli (TGFβ, HGF, VEGF, IL-10, IFNγ, LPS, β-glucan). Nrp2 isoforms in Mθ from mouse mammary tissue or EO771-induced mammary tumors were measured by FACS and RT-PCR. Mθ were phenotyped via FACS for wound-healing or inflammatory markers. Single-cell (sc)qPCR for a 96 gene panel examining components of signaling pathways, autophagy, metabolism, and pro/anti-tumor responses was performed on 576 CD11b+F4/80+ TAMs FACS-sorted from EO771 tumors.
Results
Nrp2b expression was significantly upregulated in TAMs compared to Mθ of the blood, spleen, or mammary tissues. 56% of the scqPCR transcripts analyzed were significantly altered in Nrp2bHigh vs. Nrp2bLow TAMs, and computation analysis (PCA/tSNE) revealed two distinct TAM subsets enriched for Nrp2b. Nrp2b+ Raw264.7 cells showed decreased ability to phagocytose tumor cells, but increased rates of division and migration in response to growth factors compared to Nrp2a+ counterparts.
Conclusions
We demonstrate, for the first time, that the principle neuropilin-2 isoforms are present in Mθ, regulate unique functionality, and that Nrp2b+ TAMs are both upregulated in mammary tumors and represent a phenotypically unique subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Soloff
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
- 2Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston SC
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Rebecca A. Stanton
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | | | - Cecile Nasarre
- 5Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Patrick Nasarre
- 5Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Steffi Oesterreich
- 7Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Womens Research Institute
- 8Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- 7Womens Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Womens Research Institute
- 8Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- 9Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh
- 10Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- 11Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Rajeev Dhupar
- 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Robert Gemmill
- 12Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hohenwarter MR, Denlinger CE. Commentary: A life worth living. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:579-580. [PMID: 31005302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian R Hohenwarter
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sbrocchi AJ, Denlinger CE. Mentoring never ends. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:2226. [PMID: 30449576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sbrocchi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gibney B, Denlinger CE. This side up. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:434. [PMID: 30414776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Gibney
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kern QL, Denlinger CE. Invited Commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 106:1690-1691. [PMID: 30118713 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quiana L Kern
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St, Charleston, SC 29425.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Denlinger CE. Searching for the Holy Grail-and Small Pulmonary Nodules. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 30:238-239. [PMID: 29782914 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Walker M Blanding
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sbrocchi AJ, Denlinger CE. Occam's razor: What is the best approach for a lobectomy? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:363-364. [PMID: 29655538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sbrocchi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Koci M, Denlinger CE. How close they were to success. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:918-919. [PMID: 29559259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Koci
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Denlinger CE. Hedging our bets. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:2177-2178. [PMID: 29402433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Wrangle JM, Patterson A, Johnson CB, Neitzke DJ, Mehrotra S, Denlinger CE, Paulos CM, Li Z, Cole DJ, Rubinstein MP. IL-2 and Beyond in Cancer Immunotherapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:45-68. [PMID: 29443657 PMCID: PMC5815463 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the T- and natural killer (NK) cell growth factor IL-2 has been a sentinel force ushering in the era of immunotherapy in cancer. With the advent of clinical grade recombinant IL-2 in the mid-1980s, oncologists could for the first time directly manipulate lymphocyte populations with systemic therapy. By itself, recombinant IL-2 can induce clinical responses in up to 15% of patients with metastatic cancer or renal cell carcinoma. When administered with adoptively transferred tumor-reactive lymphocytes, IL-2 promotes T cell engraftment and response rates of up to 50% in metastatic melanoma patients. Importantly, these IL-2-driven responses can yield complete and durable responses in a subset of patients. However, the use of IL-2 is limited by toxicity and concern of the expansion of T regulatory cells. To overcome these limitations and improve response rates, other T cell growth factors, including IL-15 and modified forms of IL-2, are in clinical development. Administering T cell growth factors in combination with other agents, such as immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors, may also improve efficacy. In this study, we review the development of T- and NK cell growth factors and highlight current combinatorial approaches based on these reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Wrangle
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alicia Patterson
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - C. Bryce Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Daniel J. Neitzke
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chadrick E. Denlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - David J. Cole
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Felmly LM, Kwon H, Denlinger CE, Klapper JA. Esophageal Perforation: A Common Clinical Problem with Many Different Management Options. Am Surg 2017; 83:911-917. [PMID: 28822401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal perforation is a complex clinical entity that has multiple etiologies and variability in presentation, making it challenging to diagnose and treat. The mortality of esophageal perforation has improved because therapies have evolved. Whereas primary repair is the standard of care, multiple treatments may be employed successfully. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of suspected or confirmed esophageal perforation that were admitted to the thoracic surgery service at our institution between January 2011 and June 2016. We reviewed the charts of 61 patients. Twenty-three underwent primary repair, 13 underwent stent placement, 12 underwent drainage, 12 underwent medical management, and one underwent exclusion and diversion. All patients were included in the final analysis except the singular patient who underwent diversion. Overall mortality was 4.9 per cent. None of the studied variables were found to be associated with mortality (P > 0.05). Factors associated with choice of treatment were age (P < 0.0005), Charlson Index (P = 0.032), etiology (P < 0.0005), and location (P = 0.005). The application of different management options is based on a thorough understanding time course, patient anatomy, severity of presentation, and underlying disease process.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Esophageal perforation is a complex clinical entity that has multiple etiologies and variability in presentation, making it challenging to diagnose and treat. The mortality of esophageal perforation has improved because therapies have evolved. Whereas primary repair is the standard of care, multiple treatments may be employed successfully. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of suspected or confirmed esophageal perforation that were admitted to the thoracic surgery service at our institution between January 2011 and June 2016. We reviewed the charts of 61 patients. Twenty-three underwent primary repair, 13 underwent stent placement, 12 underwent drainage, 12 underwent medical management, and one underwent exclusion and diversion. All patients were included in the final analysis except the singular patient who underwent diversion. Overall mortality was 4.9 per cent. None of the studied variables were found to be associated with mortality (P > 0.05). Factors associated with choice of treatment were age (P < 0.0005), Charlson Index (P = 0.032), etiology (P < 0.0005), and location (P = 0.005). The application of different management options is based on a thorough understanding time course, patient anatomy, severity of presentation, and underlying disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd M. Felmly
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chadrick E. Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jacob A. Klapper
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Klapper JA, Hittinger SA, Denlinger CE. Alternatives to Lobectomy for High-Risk Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103:1330-1339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
39
|
Rice TW, Chen LQ, Hofstetter WL, Smithers BM, Rusch VW, Wijnhoven BPL, Chen KL, Davies AR, D'Journo XB, Kesler KA, Luketich JD, Ferguson MK, Räsänen JV, van Hillegersberg R, Fang W, Durand L, Cecconello I, Allum WH, Cerfolio RJ, Pera M, Griffin SM, Burger R, Liu JF, Allen MS, Law S, Watson TJ, Darling GE, Scott WJ, Duranceau A, Denlinger CE, Schipper PH, Lerut TEMR, Orringer MB, Ishwaran H, Apperson-Hansen C, DiPaola LM, Semple ME, Blackstone EH. Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration: pathologic staging data. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:724-733. [PMID: 27731547 PMCID: PMC5731491 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report data-simple descriptions of patient characteristics, cancer categories, and non-risk-adjusted survival-for patients with pathologically staged cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction after resection or ablation with no preoperative therapy from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration (WECC). Thirty-three institutions from six continents submitted de-identified data using standard definitions: demographics, comorbidities, clinical cancer categories, and all-cause mortality from first management decision. Of 13,300 patients, 5,631 had squamous cell carcinoma, 7,558 adenocarcinoma, 85 adenosquamous carcinoma, and 26 undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients were older (62 years) men (80%) with normal body mass index (51%), little weight loss (1.8 kg), 0-2 ECOG performance status (83%), and a history of smoking (70%). Cancers were pT1 (24%), pT2 (15%), pT3 (50%), pN0 (52%), pM0 (93%), and pG2-G3 (78%); most involved distal esophagus (71%). Non-risk-adjusted survival for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was monotonic and distinctive across pTNM. Survival was more distinctive for adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma when pT was ordered by pN. Survival for pTis-1 adenocarcinoma was better than for squamous cell carcinoma, although monotonic and distinctive for both. WECC pathologic staging data is improved over that of the 7th edition, with more patients studied and patient and cancer variables collected. These data will be the basis for the 8th edition cancer staging manuals following risk adjustment for patient, cancer, and treatment characteristics, and should direct 9th edition data collection. However, the role of pure pathologic staging as the principal point of reference for esophageal cancer staging is waning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Rice
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - L-Q Chen
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W L Hofstetter
- University of Texas MD Anderson Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B M Smithers
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V W Rusch
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - K L Chen
- Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A R Davies
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, England
| | | | - K A Kesler
- Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J D Luketich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M K Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J V Räsänen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - W Fang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - L Durand
- Hospital de Clinicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Cecconello
- University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W H Allum
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R J Cerfolio
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - M Pera
- Hospital Universitario del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S M Griffin
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - R Burger
- University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J-F Liu
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - M S Allen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Law
- University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - T J Watson
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - G E Darling
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W J Scott
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Duranceau
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C E Denlinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - P H Schipper
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - M B Orringer
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - H Ishwaran
- University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Paul MR, Levitt NP, Moore DE, Watson PM, Wilson RC, Denlinger CE, Watson DK, Anderson PE. Multivariate models from RNA-Seq SNVs yield candidate molecular targets for biomarker discovery: SNV-DA. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:263. [PMID: 27029813 PMCID: PMC4815211 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has recently been shown that significant and accurate single nucleotide variants (SNVs) can be reliably called from RNA-Seq data. These may provide another source of features for multivariate predictive modeling of disease phenotype for the prioritization of candidate biomarkers. The continuous nature of SNV allele fraction features allows the concurrent investigation of several genomic phenomena, including allele specific expression, clonal expansion and/or deletion, and copy number variation. RESULTS The proposed software pipeline and package, SNV Discriminant Analysis (SNV-DA), was applied on two RNA-Seq datasets with varying sample sizes sequenced at different depths: a dataset containing primary tumors from twenty patients with different disease outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma and a larger dataset of primary tumors representing two major breast cancer subtypes, estrogen receptor positive and triple negative. Predictive models were generated using the machine learning algorithm, sparse projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. Training sets composed of RNA-Seq SNV features limited to genomic regions of origin (e.g. exonic or intronic) and/or RNA-editing sites were shown to produce models with accurate predictive performances, were discriminant towards true label groupings, and were able to produce SNV rankings significantly different from than univariate tests. Furthermore, the utility of the proposed methodology is supported by its comparable performance to traditional models as well as the enrichment of selected SNVs located in genes previously associated with cancer and genes showing allele-specific expression. As proof of concept, we highlight the discovery of a previously unannotated intergenic locus that is associated with epigenetic regulatory marks in cancer and whose significant allele-specific expression is correlated with ER+ status; hereafter named ER+ associated hotspot (ERPAHS). CONCLUSION The use of models from RNA-Seq SNVs to identify and prioritize candidate molecular targets for biomarker discovery is supported by the ability of the proposed method to produce significantly accurate predictive models that are discriminant towards true label groupings. Importantly, the proposed methodology allows investigation of mutations outside of exonic regions and identification of interesting expressed loci not included in traditional gene annotations. An implementation of the proposed methodology is provided that allows the user to specify SNV filtering criteria and cross-validation design during model creation and evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt R Paul
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Levitt
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David E Moore
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patricia M Watson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Canon St., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Canon St., Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Canon St., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Canon St., Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Canon St., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dennis K Watson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Canon St., Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Canon St., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Paul E Anderson
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, 66 George St., Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Denlinger CE. Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: Will it work in human beings? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 151:507-8. [PMID: 26481282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Denlinger CE. A new outlet for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:643-4. [PMID: 26117491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Denlinger CE. Matrix metalloproteinases and bronchiolitis obliterans: Wrapping the enigma in a riddle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:1203-4. [PMID: 25618413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Klapper
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Denlinger CE. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:520. [PMID: 25087785 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Ste 7018, Charleston, SC29425.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baatz JE, Newton DA, Riemer EC, Denlinger CE, Jones EE, Drake RR, Spyropoulos DD. Cryopreservation of viable human lung tissue for versatile post-thaw analyses and culture. In Vivo 2014; 28:411-423. [PMID: 24982205 PMCID: PMC5937261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials are currently used to test therapeutic efficacies for lung cancer, infections and diseases. Animal models are also used as surrogates for human disease. Both approaches are expensive and time-consuming. The utility of human biospecimens as models is limited by specialized tissue processing methods that preserve subclasses of analytes (e.g. RNA, protein, morphology) at the expense of others. We present a rapid and reproducible method for the cryopreservation of viable lung tissue from patients undergoing lobectomy or transplant. This method involves the pseudo-diaphragmatic expansion of pieces of fresh lung tissue with cryoprotectant formulation (pseudo-diaphragmatic expansion-cryoprotectant perfusion or PDX-CP) followed by controlled-rate freezing in cryovials. Expansion-perfusion rates, volumes and cryoprotectant formulation were optimized to maintain tissue architecture, decrease crystal formation and increase long-term cell viability. Rates of expansion of 4 cc/min or less and volumes ranging from 0.8-1.2 × tissue volume were well-tolerated by lung tissue obtained from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, showing minimal differences compared to standard histopathology. Morphology was greatly improved by the PDX-CP procedure compared to simple fixation. Fresh versus post-thawed lung tissue showed minimal differences in histology, RNA integrity numbers and post-translational modified protein integrity (2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis). It was possible to derive numerous cell types, including alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts and stem cells, from the tissue for at least three months after cryopreservation. This new method should provide a uniform, cost-effective approach to the banking of biospecimens, with versatility to be amenable to any post-acquisition process applicable to fresh tissue samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Baatz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A.
| | - Danforth A Newton
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Ellen C Riemer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - E Ellen Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Demetri D Spyropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Al-Ayoubi AM, Ralston JS, Richardson SR, Denlinger CE. Diffuse Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia Involving the Chest Wall. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97:333-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
48
|
Doben AR, Eriksson EA, Denlinger CE, Leon SM, Couillard DJ, Fakhry SM, Minshall CT. Surgical rib fixation for flail chest deformity improves liberation from mechanical ventilation. J Crit Care 2013; 29:139-43. [PMID: 24075300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to determine the impact of surgical rib fixation (SRF) in a treatment protocol for severe blunt chest trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with flail chest admitted between September 2009 and June 2010 to our level I trauma center who failed traditional management and underwent SRF were matched with an historical group. Outcome variables evaluated include age, injury severity score, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, ventilator days, total number of rib fractures, and total number of segmental rib fractures. RESULTS The 2 groups were similar in age, injury severity score, intensive care unit LOS, hospital LOS, total number of rib fractures, and total segmental rib fractures. The operative group demonstrated a significant reduction in total ventilator days as compared with the nonsurgical group (4.5 [0-30] vs 16.0 [4-40]; P = .040). Patients with SRF were permanently liberated from the ventilator within a median of 1.5 days (0-8 days). CONCLUSIONS Surgical rib fixation resulted in a significant decrease in ventilator days and may represent a novel approach to decreasing morbidity in flail chest patients when used as a rescue therapy in patients with declining pulmonary status. Larger studies are required to further identify these benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Doben
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
| | - Evert A Eriksson
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Chadrick E Denlinger
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, MUSC Ashley River Tower, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Stuart M Leon
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Deborah J Couillard
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Samir M Fakhry
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Christian T Minshall
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75290, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Enlow JM, Denlinger CE, Stroud MR, Ralston JS, Reed CE. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with signet ring cell features portends a poor prognosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:1927-32. [PMID: 23987898 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell (SRC) features has been reported to be a poor prognostic marker in gastric and colorectal carcinomas. Although uncommon in the esophagus, SRC histology, interestingly, has been correlated with improved survival. Our impression has been that the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinomas with SRC features is increasing and is associated with worse outcomes. We hypothesize that patients with SRC histology present with more advanced disease, respond less well to induction therapy, and have decreased survival after resection compared with patients with non-SRC adenocarcinoma. METHODS The medical records of 151 consecutive patients who underwent resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction in a prospectively maintained database from 1998 to 2011 were reviewed. Outcomes of 23 patients (15%) with SRC histology (21 men, 2 women; average age, 66 years) were compared with 128 patients (85%) with non-SRC adenocarcinoma (116 men, 12 women; average age, 63 years). Overall survival, stage-specific survival, and response to induction therapy were evaluated. Cox regression multivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of 3-year survival. RESULTS SRC and non-SRC patients were evenly matched for clinical and tumor characteristics. Downstaging achieved with induction therapy was 13.3% (2 of 15) in SRC histology patients vs 67.1% (53 of 79) in non-SRC patients (p ≤ 0.001). Patients with SRC histology who did not respond well to induction treatment demonstrated strong trends toward a worse 3-year survival than patients with non-SRC adenocarcinoma (p = 0.084). The overall 3-year survival was 65.6% in patients without SRC histology vs 34.8% in those with SRC (p = 0.006). Patients with pathologic stage II or III and SRC histology had a 3-year survival of 27.3% compared with 57.4% in patients with non-SRC adenocarcinoma (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed SRC histology trended toward significance as an independent risk factor for poor survival (p = 0.060). CONCLUSIONS Patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction and SRC histology respond less well to induction therapy and have decreased overall survival compared with patients with non-SRC histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Enlow
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Spyropoulos DD, Denlinger CE, Riemer EC, Newton DA, Jones EE, Drake RR, Baatz JE. Abstract 3848: Cryopreserved, viable and architecturally intact lung tissue from patients as a model to study drug therapies. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
RATIONALE: Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation have not appreciably improved lung cancer patient survival rates over the past 20 years. Preclinical anti-tumor efficacy testing models could be improved by being rapid, reliable and capable of demonstrating tumor responses to dosing (concentration/timing) and drug interactions, while accounting for inter-patient variation. High-throughput, 3D in vitro systems hold promise as such therapeutic models, but linking these models to clinical responses in patients has been a dilemma.
METHODS: We developed a lung tissue cryopreservation/banking method that optimizes cell viability and maintains tissue architecture after thawing. This method involves the expansion-perfusion of fresh patient lung tissue samples with non-toxic cryoprotectant solutions, followed by controlled-rate freezing of samples.
RESULTS: We used this method to cryopreserve lung tissues from multiple patients. Although inter-patient variability in lung tissue compliance was anticipated, a wide range of expansion volumes can be tolerated without architectural damage. In contrast, tissue integrity was more sensitive to variations in expansion-perfusion rates (as gauged by lymphatic expansion/tearing). Cryosubstitution demonstrated that crystal formation varies with cryoprotectant cocktail and region within the lung, but can be virtually eliminated under certain conditions. From thawed lung tissues, we have 1) isolated and expanded viable lung cell types; 2) isolated decellularized extracellular components; and, 3) reconstituted intact lung tissue with fluorescent-tagged lung tumor cells. We performed patient surgeries/preservations individually, thawing, processing and analysis of lung tissue from multiple patients was performed simultaneously.
CONCLUSION: Cancer cell drug responses are being compared in lung tissues ex vivo versus on standard monolayer culture using advanced proteo-/lipidomic mapping techniques (including MALDI MS and DIGE). Comparing multiple patient-specific lung tissues simultaneously should afford patient population stratification based on molecular profiles and achieve more rapid methods for determining personalized clinical treatment regiments.
Citation Format: Demetri D. Spyropoulos, Chadrick E. Denlinger, Ellen C. Riemer, Danforth A. Newton, E. Ellen Jones, Richard R. Drake, John E. Baatz. Cryopreserved, viable and architecturally intact lung tissue from patients as a model to study drug therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3848. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3848
Collapse
|