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Le SNH, Nguyen Ngoc Minh C, de Sessions PF, Jie S, Tran Thi Hong C, Thwaites GE, Baker S, Pham DT, Chung The H. The impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of children recovering from watery diarrhoea. NPJ Antimicrob Resist 2024; 2:12. [PMID: 38686335 PMCID: PMC11057199 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-024-00030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diarrhoeal diseases remain a substantial health burden in young children in low- and middle-income countries. The disease and its variable treatment options significantly alter the gut microbiome, which may affect clinical outcomes and overall gut health. Antibiotics are often prescribed, but their impact on the gut microbiome during recovery is unclear. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate changes in the gut microbiota in Vietnamese children with acute watery diarrhoea, and highlight the impact of antibiotic treatment on these changes. Our analyses identified that, regardless of treatment, recovery was characterised by reductions in Streptococcus and Rothia species and expansion of Bacteroides/Phocaeicola, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcacae taxa. Antibiotic treatment significantly delayed the temporal increases in alpha- and beta-diversity within patients, resulting in distinctive patterns of taxonomic change. These changes included a pronounced, transient overabundance of Enterococcus species and depletion of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Our findings demonstrate that antibiotic treatment slows gut microbiota recovery in children following watery diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son-Nam H. Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Song Jie
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Guy E. Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Duy Thanh Pham
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Chung The
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Phan HT, Hong CTT, Huu TN, Nguyen Thi T. Extraction of custard apple (
Annona squamosal
L.) peel with supercritical
CO
2
and ethanol as co‐solvent. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tai Phan
- Nong Lam University ‐ Ho Chi Minh City, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
| | - Chau Tran Thi Hong
- Nong Lam University ‐ Ho Chi Minh City, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
| | - Thien Nguyen Huu
- Nong Lam University ‐ Ho Chi Minh City, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
| | - Trang Nguyen Thi
- Nong Lam University ‐ Ho Chi Minh City, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
- Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam
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Pereira-Dias J, Nguyen Ngoc Minh C, Tran Thi Hong C, Nguyen Thi Nguyen T, Ha Thanh T, Zellmer C, Chung The H, Pike L, Higginson EE, Baker S. The gut microbiome of healthy Vietnamese adults and children is a major reservoir for resistance genes against critical antimicrobials. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:S840-S847. [PMID: 34374428 PMCID: PMC8687120 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are a key group of therapeutic agents. Given the animal/human population density and high antimicrobial consumption rate in Southeast Asia, the region is a focal area for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Hypothesizing that the gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals in Vietnam is a major source of AMR genes that may be transferred to pathogens, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from 42 healthy Vietnamese people (21 children and 21 adults). We compared their microbiome profiles by age group and determined the composition of AMR genes. An analysis of the taxonomic profiles in the gut microbiome showed a clear differentiation by age, with young children (age <2 years) exhibiting a unique structure in comparison to adults and older children. We identified a total of 132 unique AMR genes, with macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin class resistance genes (ermB and lnuC) and tetracycline resistance genes being almost ubiquitous across the study population. Notably, samples from younger children were significantly associated with a greater number of AMR genes than other age groups, including key signature genes associated with AMR pathogens (eg, blaCTX-M, mphA). Our data suggest that the gut microbiome of those living in Vietnam, particularly young children, is a substantial reservoir of AMR genes, which can be transferred to circulating enteric pathogens. Our data support the generation of longitudinal cohort studies of those living in urban and rural areas of developing countries to understand the behavior of these AMR reservoirs and their role in generating multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pereira-Dias
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Tuyen Ha Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Caroline Zellmer
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Chung The
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lindsay Pike
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen E Higginson
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Leung JM, Hong CTT, Trung NHD, Thi HN, Minh CNN, Thi TV, Hong DT, Man DNH, Knowles SCL, Wolbers M, Hoang NLT, Thwaites G, Graham AL, Baker S. The impact of albendazole treatment on the incidence of viral- and bacterial-induced diarrhea in school children in southern Vietnam: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:279. [PMID: 27266697 PMCID: PMC4896038 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthelmintics are one of the more commonly available classes of drugs to treat infections by parasitic helminths (especially nematodes) in the human intestinal tract. As a result of their cost-effectiveness, mass school-based deworming programs are becoming routine practice in developing countries. However, experimental and clinical evidence suggests that anthelmintic treatments may increase susceptibility to other gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoa. Hypothesizing that anthelmintics may increase diarrheal infections in treated children, we aim to evaluate the impact of anthelmintics on the incidence of diarrheal disease caused by viral and bacterial pathogens in school children in southern Vietnam. Methods/design This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effects of albendazole treatment versus placebo on the incidence of viral- and bacterial-induced diarrhea in 350 helminth-infected and 350 helminth-uninfected Vietnamese school children aged 6–15 years. Four hundred milligrams of albendazole, or placebo treatment will be administered once every 3 months for 12 months. At the end of 12 months, all participants will receive albendazole treatment. The primary endpoint of this study is the incidence of diarrheal disease assessed by 12 months of weekly active and passive case surveillance. Secondary endpoints include the prevalence and intensities of helminth, viral, and bacterial infections, alterations in host immunity and the gut microbiota with helminth and pathogen clearance, changes in mean z scores of body weight indices over time, and the number and severity of adverse events. Discussion In order to reduce helminth burdens, anthelmintics are being routinely administered to children in developing countries. However, the effects of anthelmintic treatment on susceptibility to other diseases, including diarrheal pathogens, remain unknown. It is important to monitor for unintended consequences of drug treatments in co-infected populations. In this trial, we will examine how anthelmintic treatment impacts host susceptibility to diarrheal infections, with the aim of informing deworming programs of any indirect effects of mass anthelmintic administrations on co-infecting enteric pathogens. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02597556. Registered on 3 November 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1406-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Leung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chau Tran Thi Hong
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Ho Dang Trung
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Nhu Thi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Vu Thi
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Thanh Hong
- Cu Chi Preventive Medicine Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Sarah C L Knowles
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Marcel Wolbers
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nhat Le Thanh Hoang
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy Thwaites
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea L Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Stephen Baker
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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