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Yang MX, Wang LS, Miao CC, Scheidegger C. From cradle to grave? A global hotspot and new species of the genus Lobaria discovered in the Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains. Persoonia 2022; 48:150-174. [PMID: 38234689 PMCID: PMC10792290 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the East Asian diversity of green-algal Lobaria was evaluated by applying both morphological and phylogenetic approaches. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of 72 green-algal Lobaria specimens was performed using a three-locus and time-calibrated species-tree approach. The analyses demonstrate that pairs of sexually and vegetatively reproducing lineages split into highly supported monophyletic clades. Taxonomically, 11 green-algal Lobaria species were identified as new to science, while 10 were previously described species. The species differentiated during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The coincidence of paleoclimatic events with estimated dates of divergence support a bioclimatic hypothesis for species evolution in the green-algal Lobaria. Molecular phylogenies, a summary of diversity, detailed new species descriptions and geographical analyses are provided. Special recognition of species with a long evolutionary history, which merit high conservation priority, will be critical for preserving geographically restricted endemics in the Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains, where habitat loss is driving rapid declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Yang
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; corresponding authors e-mail: ;
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - L S Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - C C Miao
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; corresponding authors e-mail: ;
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - C Scheidegger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; corresponding authors e-mail: ;
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2
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Yang LH, Lee RKL, Kuo MH, Miao CC, Wang YX, Chen A, Jhu YW, Cheng HI, Pan ST, Chou YT. Neuronal survival factor VGF promotes chemoresistance and predicts poor prognosis in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1611-1625. [PMID: 35762443 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung consist of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Both exhibit aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. The transformation of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) to SCLC or LCNEC also contributes to acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Despite initially being responsive to chemotherapy, high-grade NET patients inevitably develop drug resistance; thus, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed for these patients. This study reported that VGF (nerve growth factor inducible), a factor mainly expressed in neurons during neural development, is highly expressed in SCLC and LCNEC as well as in a subset of ADCs, whereas targeting VGF attenuates cancer cell growth and tumor formation. High VGF expression was associated with advanced stage SCLC and predicted poor prognosis in lung ADC. In addition, EGFR-TKI selection enriched VGF expression in TKI-resistant ADC under epigenetic control. The VGF locus possessed the HDAC1 binding site, and treatment of ADC cells with the HDAC1 inhibitor induced VGF expression. High VGF expression was associated with chemoresistance, and silencing VGF induced BMF and BCL2L11 expression and rendered lung cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. These findings suggested the potential of VGF as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Richard Kuan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,SMOBIO Technology, Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yuan-Xin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Alvin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Wei Jhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hung-I Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Mackay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shien-Tung Pan
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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3
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Li D, Wang P, Zhu WW, Zhang B, Zhang XX, Duan R, Zhang YK, Feng Y, Tang NY, Chatterjee S, Cordes JM, Cruces M, Dai S, Gajjar V, Hobbs G, Jin C, Kramer M, Lorimer DR, Miao CC, Niu CH, Niu JR, Pan ZC, Qian L, Spitler L, Werthimer D, Zhang GQ, Wang FY, Xie XY, Yue YL, Zhang L, Zhi QJ, Zhu Y. Author Correction: A bimodal burst energy distribution of a repeating fast radio burst source. Nature 2021; 601:E1. [PMID: 34912125 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - P Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W W Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - X X Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y K Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Y Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - S Chatterjee
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J M Cordes
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Cruces
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, New South Wales, Australia.,Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Gajjar
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Hobbs
- CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - D R Lorimer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - C C Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C H Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J R Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z C Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Spitler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Werthimer
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Q Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - X Y Xie
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y L Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Q J Zhi
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Li D, Wang P, Zhu WW, Zhang B, Zhang XX, Duan R, Zhang YK, Feng Y, Tang NY, Chatterjee S, Cordes JM, Cruces M, Dai S, Gajjar V, Hobbs G, Jin C, Kramer M, Lorimer DR, Miao CC, Niu CH, Niu JR, Pan ZC, Qian L, Spitler L, Werthimer D, Zhang GQ, Wang FY, Xie XY, Yue YL, Zhang L, Zhi QJ, Zhu Y. A bimodal burst energy distribution of a repeating fast radio burst source. Nature 2021; 598:267-271. [PMID: 34645999 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The event rate, energy distribution and time-domain behaviour of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) contain essential information regarding their physical nature and central engine, which are as yet unknown1,2. As the first precisely localized source, FRB 121102 (refs. 3-5) has been extensively observed and shows non-Poisson clustering of bursts over time and a power-law energy distribution6-8. However, the extent of the energy distribution towards the fainter end was not known. Here we report the detection of 1,652 independent bursts with a peak burst rate of 122 h-1, in 59.5 hours spanning 47 days. A peak in the isotropic equivalent energy distribution is found to be approximately 4.8 × 1037 erg at 1.25 GHz, below which the detection of bursts is suppressed. The burst energy distribution is bimodal, and well characterized by a combination of a log-normal function and a generalized Cauchy function. The large number of bursts in hour-long spans allows sensitive periodicity searches between 1 ms and 1,000 s. The non-detection of any periodicity or quasi-periodicity poses challenges for models involving a single rotating compact object. The high burst rate also implies that FRBs must be generated with a high radiative efficiency, disfavouring emission mechanisms with large energy requirements or contrived triggering conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - P Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W W Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - X X Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y K Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Y Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - S Chatterjee
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J M Cordes
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Cruces
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, New South Wales, Australia.,Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Gajjar
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Hobbs
- CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Kramer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - D R Lorimer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - C C Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C H Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J R Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z C Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Spitler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Werthimer
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Q Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - X Y Xie
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y L Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Q J Zhi
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Miao CC, Hwang W, Chu LY, Yang LH, Ha CT, Chen PY, Kuo MH, Lin SC, Yang YY, Chuang SE, Yu CC, Pan ST, Kao MC, Chang CR, Chou YT. LC3A-mediated autophagy regulates lung cancer cell plasticity. Autophagy 2021; 18:921-934. [PMID: 34470575 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1964224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ATG14: autophagy related 14; CDH2: cadherin 2; ChIP-qPCR: chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction; CQ: chloroquine; ECAR: extracellular acidification rate; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EPCAM: epithelial cell adhesion molecule; MAP1LC3A/LC3A: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP1LC3C/LC3C: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma; NDUFV2: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT-qPCR: reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SC: scrambled control; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; SNAI2: snail family transcriptional repressor 2; SOX2: SRY-box transcription factor 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Co-first Authors
| | - Wen Hwang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Co-first Authors
| | - Ling-Yi Chu
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Li-Hao Yang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Cam-Thu Ha
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Graduate Institute Of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ya-Yu Yang
- National Institute Of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute Of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Cherng Yu
- Department Of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shien-Tung Pan
- Department Of Pathology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Mou-Chieh Kao
- Institute Of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute Of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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6
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Kuo MH, Chen PY, Yang YP, Zheng MY, Miao CC, Wen KC, Chang KM, Chou SJ, Wang ML, Chiou SH, Chou YT. Cytokine and epigenetic regulation of programmed death-ligand 1 in stem cell differentiation and cancer cell plasticity. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1298-1309. [PMID: 34182610 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint ligand, is recognized as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy as well as for the induction of transplantation tolerance. However, how the crosstalk between stem cell programming and cytokine signaling regulates PD-L1 expression during stem cell differentiation and cancer cell plasticity remains unclear. Herein, we reported that PD-L1 expression was regulated by SOX2 during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and lung cancer cell plasticity. PD-L1 was induced during ESC differentiation to fibroblasts and was downregulated during SOX2-mediated reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Furthermore, SOX2 activation affected cancer cell plasticity and inhibited PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. We discovered that the H3K27ac signal at the PD-L1 locus was enhanced during ESC differentiation to fibroblasts as well as during cancer plasticity of SOX2-positive lung cancer cells to SOX2-negative counterparts. Romidepsin, an epigenetic modifier, induced PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells, whereas TGF-β stimulation downregulated SOX2 but upregulated PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, in addition to PD-L1, the expressions of EGFR and its ligand HBEGF were downregulated by activation of endogenous SOX2 expression during lung cancer cell plasticity and iPSC reprogramming, and the activation of EGFR signaling by HBEGF upregulated PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. Together, our results reveal the crosstalk between SOX2 programming and cytokine stimulation influences PD-L1 expression, and these findings may provide insights into PD-L1-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yi Zheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Chang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Ming Chang
- Department of Pathology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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7
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Ha CT, Cheng CY, Zheng MY, Hsu TH, Miao CC, Lee CJ, Wang HD, Pan ST, Chou YT. ID4 predicts poor prognosis and promotes BDNF-mediated oncogenesis of colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:951-960. [PMID: 33993270 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (ID) proteins regulate cellular differentiation and tumor progression. Whether ID family proteins serve as a linkage between pathological differentiation and cancer stemness in colorectal cancer is largely unknown. Here, the expression of ID4, but not other ID family proteins, was enriched in LGR5-high colon cancer stem cells. Its high expression was associated with poor pathological differentiation of colorectal tumors and shorter survival in patients. Knockdown of ID4 inhibited the growth and dissemination of colon cancer cells, while enhancing chemosensitivity. Through gene expression profiling analysis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was identified as a downstream target of ID4 expression in colorectal cancer. BDNF knockdown decreased the growth and migration of colon cancer cells, and its expression enhanced dissemination, anoikis resistance and chemoresistance. ID4 silencing attenuated the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pattern in colon cancer cells. Gene cluster analysis revealed that ID4 and BDNF expression was clustered with mesenchymal markers and distant from epithelial genes. BDNF silencing decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers Vimentin, CDH2 and SNAI1. These findings demonstrated that ID4-BDNF signaling regulates colorectal cancer survival, with the potential to serve as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam-Thu Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Yi Zheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan
| | - Tang-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jung Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan
| | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan
| | - Shien-Tung Pan
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu,Taiwan
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8
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Lin L, Zhang CF, Wang P, Gao H, Guan X, Han JL, Jiang JC, Jiang P, Lee KJ, Li D, Men YP, Miao CC, Niu CH, Niu JR, Sun C, Wang BJ, Wang ZL, Xu H, Xu JL, Xu JW, Yang YH, Yang YP, Yu W, Zhang B, Zhang BB, Zhou DJ, Zhu WW, Castro-Tirado AJ, Dai ZG, Ge MY, Hu YD, Li CK, Li Y, Li Z, Liang EW, Jia SM, Querel R, Shao L, Wang FY, Wang XG, Wu XF, Xiong SL, Xu RX, Yang YS, Zhang GQ, Zhang SN, Zheng TC, Zou JH. No pulsed radio emission during a bursting phase of a Galactic magnetar. Nature 2020; 587:63-65. [PMID: 33149293 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients of unknown physical origin observed at extragalactic distances1-3. It has long been speculated that magnetars are the engine powering repeating bursts from FRB sources4-13, but no convincing evidence has been collected so far14. Recently, the Galactic magnetar SRG 1935+2154 entered an active phase by emitting intense soft γ-ray bursts15. One FRB-like event with two peaks (FRB 200428) and a luminosity slightly lower than the faintest extragalactic FRBs was detected from the source, in association with a soft γ-ray/hard-X-ray flare18-21. Here we report an eight-hour targeted radio observational campaign comprising four sessions and assisted by multi-wavelength (optical and hard-X-ray) data. During the third session, 29 soft-γ-ray repeater (SGR) bursts were detected in γ-ray energies. Throughout the observing period, we detected no single dispersed pulsed emission coincident with the arrivals of SGR bursts, but unfortunately we were not observing when the FRB was detected. The non-detection places a fluence upper limit that is eight orders of magnitude lower than the fluence of FRB 200428. Our results suggest that FRB-SGR burst associations are rare. FRBs may be highly relativistic and geometrically beamed, or FRB-like events associated with SGR bursts may have narrow spectra and characteristic frequencies outside the observed band. It is also possible that the physical conditions required to achieve coherent radiation in SGR bursts are difficult to satisfy, and that only under extreme conditions could an FRB be associated with an SGR burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C F Zhang
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - P Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Gao
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Guan
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Han
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Jiang
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - P Jiang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - K J Lee
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - D Li
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y P Men
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C C Miao
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C H Niu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J R Niu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Sun
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Wang
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Xu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Xu
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Yang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Yang
- South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - W Yu
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - B-B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - D J Zhou
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W W Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - A J Castro-Tirado
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Escuela de Ingenierías, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Z G Dai
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Ge
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y D Hu
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - E W Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - S M Jia
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - R Querel
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand
| | - L Shao
- College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - F Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - X G Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Wu
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - R X Xu
- Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-S Yang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - G Q Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - S N Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - T C Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - J-H Zou
- College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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9
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Chiu YF, Wu CC, Kuo MH, Miao CC, Zheng MY, Chen PY, Lin SC, Chang JL, Wang YH, Chou YT. Critical role of SOX2-IGF2 signaling in aggressiveness of bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8261. [PMID: 32427884 PMCID: PMC7237425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling elicited by the stem cell factors SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and MYC not only mediates reprogramming of differentiated cells to pluripotency but has also been correlated with tumor malignancy. In this study, we found SOX2 expression signifies poor recurrence-free survival and correlates with advanced pathological grade in bladder cancer. SOX2 silencing attenuated bladder cancer cell growth, while its expression promoted cancer cell survival and proliferation. Under low-serum stress, SOX2 expression promoted AKT phosphorylation and bladder cancer cells’ spheroid-forming capability. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, using MK2206, inhibited the SOX2-mediated spheroid formation of bladder cancer cells. Gene expression profiling showed that SOX2 expression, in turn, induced IGF2 expression, while SOX2 silencing inhibited IGF2 expression. Moreover, knocking down IGF2 and IGF1R diminished bladder cancer cell growth. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R, using linsitinib, also inhibited the SOX2-mediated spheroid formation of bladder cancer cells under low-serum stress. Our findings indicate the SOX2–IGF2 signaling affects the aggressiveness of bladder cancer cell growth. This signaling could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Zheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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10
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Miao CC, Hwang W, Chou YT. Abstract 4279: Heterogeneous LC3A expression regulates lung cancer cell plasticity. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is considered as the main cause that contributes to high mortality during lung cancer progression. Autophagy is a self-cleaning process to maintain cell integrity of intracellular organelles and proteins. To date, the role of autophagy in lung tumor metastasis remains elusive. Here, we report that lung tumors display a heterogeneous expression pattern of the autophagy mediator LC3A, the high expression of which is associated with low metastasis risk. We found a group of lung cancer cells contain differential LC3A expression levels and exhibit plasticity characterized by distinct proliferative and invasive properties. Immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting assays revealed that LC3A-mediated autophagy is more active in highly proliferative but minimally invasive lung cancer cells than their lowly proliferative but highly invasive counterpart. Clonogenic analysis and cell cycle assays showed that LC3A silencing attenuated cellular growth, causing G1/S cell cycle arrest in highly proliferative lung cancer cells. Highly proliferative lung cancer cells exhibited a higher oxygen consumption rate, accompanied with an elevated oxygen species (ROS) level, compared to their lowly proliferative counterpart. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine promoted the ROS production in highly proliferative lung cancer cells but not in the highly invasive counterpart. SOX2 expression enhanced LC3A expression and promoted proliferation but inhibited invasiveness in lung cancer cells. Knockdown of LC3A expression in SOX2-high proliferative cells enriched SOX2-low cells, exhibiting decreased proliferation but increased invasiveness. Combined, our findings provide substantial evidence to suggest that LC3A cooperates with SOX2 signaling to regulate lung cancer cell plasticity.
Citation Format: Chia-Cheng Miao, Wen Hwang, Yu-Ting Chou. Heterogeneous LC3A expression regulates lung cancer cell plasticity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4279.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Hwang
- National Tsing Hua University, HsinChu, Taiwan
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