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Caravaggi P, Rogati G, Leardini A, Ortolani M, Barbieri M, Spasiano C, Durante S, Matias AB, Taddei U, Sacco ICN. Accuracy and correlation between skin-marker based and radiographic measurements of medial longitudinal arch deformation. J Biomech 2021; 128:110711. [PMID: 34481280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Static and dynamic measurements of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) in the foot are critical across different clinical and biomechanical research fields. While MLA deformation can be estimated using skin-markers for gait analysis, the current understanding of the correlates between skin-marker based models and radiographic measures of the MLA is limited. This study aimed at assessing the correlation and accuracy of skin-marker based measures of MLA deformation with respect to standard clinical X-ray based measures, used as reference. 20 asymptomatic subjects without morphological alterations of the foot volunteered in the study. A lateral X-ray of the right foot of each subject was taken in monopodalic upright posture with and without a metatarsophalangeal-joint dorsiflexing wedge. MLA angle was estimated in the two foot postures and during gait using 16 skin-marker based models, which were established according to the marker set of a validated multi-segment foot kinematic protocol. The error of each model in tracking MLA deformation was assessed and correlated with respect to standard radiographic measurements. Estimation of MLA deformation was highly affected by the skin-marker models. Skin-marker models using the marker on the navicular tuberosity as apex of the MLA angle showed the smallest errors (about 2 deg) and the largest correlations (R = 0.64-0.65; p < 0.05) with respect to the radiographic measurements. According to the outcome of this study, skin-marker based definitions of the MLA angle using the navicular tuberosity as apex of the arch may provide a more accurate estimation of MLA deformation with respect to that from radiographic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Caravaggi
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Rogati
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Leardini
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ortolani
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Spasiano
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Durante
- Nursing, Technical and Rehabilitation Assistance Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra B Matias
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Dept., School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Taddei
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Dept., School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C N Sacco
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Dept., School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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