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Kodama T, Kuribara H, Minegishi Y, Futo S, Watai M, Sawada C, Watanabe T, Akiyama H, Maitani T, Teshima R, Furui S, Hino A, Kitta K. Evaluation of Modified PCR Quantitation of Genetically Modified Maize and Soybean Using Reference Molecules: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/92.1.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantitative methods were previously developed and validated for genetically modified (GM) maize or soy. In this study, the quantification step of the validated methods was modified, and an interlaboratory study was conducted. The modification included the introduction of the PCR system SSIIb 3 instead of SSIIb 1 for the detection of the taxon-specific sequence of maize, as well as the adoption of colE1 as a carrier included in a reference plasmid solution as a replacement for salmon testis. The interlaboratory study was conducted with the ABI PRISM<sup/> 7700 and consisted of 2 separate stages: (1) the measurement of conversion factor (Cf) value, which is the ratio of recombinant DNA (r-DNA) sequence to taxon-specific sequence in each genuine GM seed, and (2) the quantification of blind samples. Additionally, Cf values of other instruments, such as the ABI PRISM 7900 and the ABI PRISM 7000, were measured in a multilaboratory trial. After outlier laboratories were eliminated, the repeatability and reproducibility for 5.0 samples were <15.8 and 20.6, respectively. The quantitation limits of these methods were 0.5 for Bt11, T25, and MON810, and 0.1 for GA21, Event176, and RR soy. The quantitation limits, trueness, and precision of the current modified methods were equivalent to those of the previous methods. Therefore, it was concluded that the modified methods would be a suitable replacement for the validated methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kodama
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, 2-1 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Hideo Kuribara
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, 2-1 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Minegishi
- NIPPON GENE, Co., Ltd, 1-5 Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Toyko 101-0054, Japan
| | - Satoshi Futo
- FASMAC Co, Ltd, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watai
- Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10 Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sawada
- Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corp, 2-13-45 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 658-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tamio Maitani
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Reiko Teshima
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furui
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hino
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kitta
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Kodama T, Kasahara M, Minegishi Y, Futo S, Sawada C, Watai M, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Kurosawa Y, Furui S, Hino A, Kitta K. Qualitative PCR Method for Roundup Ready® Soybean: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/94.1.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative methods based on PCR have been developed for genetically modified organisms (GMO). Interlaboratory studies were previously conducted for GMO quantitative methods; in this study, an interlaboratory study was conducted for a qualitative method for a GM soybean, Roundup Ready® soy (RR soy), with primer pairs designed for the quantitative method of RR soy studied previously. Fourteen laboratories in Japan participated. Each participant extracted DNA from 1.0 g each of the soy samples containing 0, 0.05, and 0.10% of RR soy, and performed PCR with primer pairs for an internal control gene (Le1) and RR soy followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR product amplified in this PCR system for Le1 was detected from all samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and false-negative and false-positive rates of the method were obtained from the results of RR soy detection. False-negative rates at the level of 0.05 and 0.10% of the RR soy samples were 6.0 and 2.3%, respectively, revealing that the LOD of the method was somewhat below 0.10%. The current study demonstrated that the qualitative method would be practical for monitoring the labeling system of GM soy in kernel lots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kodama
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, 2-1 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Masaki Kasahara
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, 2-1 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Minegishi
- NIPPON GENE, Co., Ltd, 1-5 Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0054, Japan
| | - Satoshi Futo
- FASMAC Co, Ltd, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sawada
- Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corp, 2-13-45 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watai
- Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10 Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Reiko Teshima
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kurosawa
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furui
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hino
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kitta
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Shindo Y, Kuribara H, Matsuoka T, Futo S, Sawada C, Shono J, Akiyama H, Goda Y, Toyoda M, Hino A, Asano T, Hiramoto M, Iwaya A, Jeong SI, Kajiyama N, Kato H, Katsumoto H, Kim YM, Kwak HS, Ogawa M, Onozuka Y, Takubo K, Yamakawa H, Yamazaki F, Yoshida A, Yoshimura T. Validation of Real-Time PCR Analyses for Line-Specific Quantitation of Genetically Modified Maize and Soybean UsingNew Reference Molecules. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/85.5.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Novel analytical methods based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions by use of new reference molecules were validated in interlaboratory studies for the quantitation of genetically modified (GM) maize and soy. More than 13 laboratories from Japan, Korea, and the United States participated in the studies. The interlaboratory studies included 2 separate stages: (1) measurement tests of coefficient values, the ratio of recombinant DNA (r-DNA) sequence, and endogenous DNA sequence in the seeds of GM maize and GM soy; and (2) blind tests with 6 pairs of maize and soy samples, including different levels of GM maize or GM soy. Test results showed that the methods are applicable to the specific quantitation of the 5 lines of GM maize and one line of GM soy. After statistical treatment to remove outliers, the repeatability and reproducibility of these methods at a level of 5.0% were <13.7 and 15.9%, respectively. The quantitation limits of the methods were 0.50% for Bt11, T25, and MON810, and 0.10% for GA21, Event176, and Roundup Ready soy. The results of blind tests showed that the numerical information obtained from these methods will contribute to practical analyses for labeling systems of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Shindo
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-1-21 Midori, Moriya, Kitasoma-gun, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Hideo Kuribara
- Center for Food Quality, Labeling and Consumer Services, 1-21-2 Kitabukuro, Saitama, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Center for Food Quality, Labeling and Consumer Services, 1-21-2 Kitabukuro, Saitama, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Satoshi Futo
- FASMAC Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sawada
- Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corp., Nishi-1 Koyo, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan
| | - Jinji Shono
- Somatech Center, House Foods Co., 1-4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Masatake Toyoda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hino
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Kodama T, Kasahara M, Minegishi Y, Futo S, Sawada C, Watai M, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Kurosawa Y, Furui S, Hino A, Kitta K. Qualitative PCR method for Roundup Ready soybean: interlaboratory study. J AOAC Int 2011; 94:224-31. [PMID: 21391499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative methods based on PCR have been developed for genetically modified organisms (GMO). Interlaboratory studies were previously conducted for GMO quantitative methods; in this study, an interlaboratory study was conducted for a qualitative method for a GM soybean, Roundup Ready soy (RR soy), with primer pairs designed for the quantitative method of RR soy studied previously. Fourteen laboratories in Japan participated. Each participant extracted DNA from 1.0 g each of the soy samples containing 0, 0.05, and 0.10% of RR soy, and performed PCR with primer pairs for an internal control gene (Le1) and RR soy followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR product amplified in this PCR system for Le1 was detected from all samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and false-negative and false-positive rates of the method were obtained from the results of RR soy detection. False-negative rates at the level of 0.05 and 0.10% of the RR soy samples were 6.0 and 2.3%, respectively, revealing that the LOD of the method was somewhat below 0.10%. The current study demonstrated that the qualitative method would be practical for monitoring the labeling system of GM soy in kernel lots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kodama
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, 2-1 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
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Kodama T, Kuribara H, Minegishi Y, Futo S, Watai M, Sawada C, Watanabe T, Akiyama H, Maitani T, Teshima R, Furui S, Hino A, Kitta K. Evaluation of modified PCR quantitation of genetically modified maize and soybean using reference molecules: interlaboratory study. J AOAC Int 2009; 92:223-33. [PMID: 19382580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantitative methods were previously developed and validated for genetically modified (GM) maize or soy. In this study, the quantification step of the validated methods was modified, and an interlaboratory study was conducted. The modification included the introduction of the PCR system SSIIb 3 instead of SSIIb 1 for the detection of the taxon-specific sequence of maize, as well as the adoption of colE1 as a carrier included in a reference plasmid solution as a replacement for salmon testis. The interlaboratory study was conducted with the ABI PRISM 7700 and consisted of 2 separate stages: (1) the measurement of conversion factor (Cf) value, which is the ratio of recombinant DNA (r-DNA) sequence to taxon-specific sequence in each genuine GM seed, and (2) the quantification of blind samples. Additionally, Cf values of other instruments, such as the ABI PRISM 7900 and the ABI PRISM 7000, were measured in a multilaboratory trial. After outlier laboratories were eliminated, the repeatability and reproducibility for 5.0% samples were <15.8 and 20.6%, respectively. The quantitation limits of these methods were 0.5% for Bt11, T25, and MON810, and 0.1% for GA21, Event176, and RR soy. The quantitation limits, trueness, and precision of the current modified methods were equivalent to those of the previous methods. Therefore, it was concluded that the modified methods would be a suitable replacement for the validated methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kodama
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center, 2-1 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
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Hirota M, Sawada C, Suzuki T, Ueda C, Furuyama M, Saijo Y, Naito M, Hirose K, Sato M, Toyoda M. [Application of two immunochromatographic test kits to screening of four kinds of allergic substances in imported foods]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2008; 48:194-202. [PMID: 18203505 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.48.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We tested for four kinds of allergic substances (egg, milk, wheat and peanuts) in 52 imported processed foods using immunochromatographic test kits (ITK). ELISA was also employed to confirm the effectiveness of the ITK. Among 92 data from 23 samples, allergic substances were detected in 9 cases with one kind of ITK, but not with the ELISA test. Among 116 data from 29 samples, 6 were negative with one kind of ITK and but positive with the other ITK. These results suggested that these 4 kinds of allergic substances in imported foods can be detected by using a double-check method with two kinds of ITK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Hirota
- Yokohama Inspection Station, Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corporation, 2-13-45 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Shindo Y, Kuribara H, Matsuoka T, Futo S, Sawada C, Shono J, Akiyama H, Goda Y, Toyoda M, Hino A. Validation of real-time PCR analyses for line-specific quantitation of genetically modified maize and soybean using new reference molecules. J AOAC Int 2002; 85:1119-26. [PMID: 12374412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel analytical methods based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions by use of new reference molecules were validated in interlaboratory studies for the quantitation of genetically modified (GM) maize and soy. More than 13 laboratories from Japan, Korea, and the United States participated in the studies. The interlaboratory studies included 2 separate stages: (1) measurement tests of coefficient values, the ratio of recombinant DNA (r-DNA) sequence, and endogenous DNA sequence in the seeds of GM maize and GM soy; and (2) blind tests with 6 pairs of maize and soy samples, including different levels of GM maize or GM soy. Test results showed that the methods are applicable to the specific quantitation of the 5 lines of GM maize and one line of GM soy. After statistical treatment to remove outliers, the repeatability and reproducibility of these methods at a level of 5.0% were <13.7 and 15.9%, respectively. The quantitation limits of the methods were 0.50% for Bt11, T25, and MON810, and 0.10% for GA21, Event176, and Roundup Ready soy. The results of blind tests showed that the numerical information obtained from these methods will contribute to practical analyses for labeling systems of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Shindo
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., Kitasoma-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
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Nagahata H, Sawada C, Higuchi H, Teraoka H, Yamaguchi M. Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, superoxide production and calcium signaling of beta 2 integrin-deficient bovine neutrophils. Microbiol Immunol 1997; 41:747-50. [PMID: 9343828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G-mediated phagocytosis, superoxide production and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling of complement receptor type 3 (CR3)-deficient neutrophils from a heifer with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) were compared to those of control heifers. The mean phagocytic activity of IgG-coated yeasts and aggregated bovine IgG (Agg-IgG)-induced superoxide production of CR3-deficient neutrophils were 10% and 77.9%, respectively, of those of control neutrophils. The [Ca2+]i signals in CR3-deficient neutrophils stimulated with Agg-IgG or concanavalin A were different with mean peak [Ca2+]i concentrations of 78% and 41.9%, respectively, of those of control neutrophils. These findings suggest that Fc receptor-mediated neutrophil functions are closely dependent on the presence of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) on the neutrophil cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagahata
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kawase K, Ishikawa H, Sawada C, Takata M. Cooperative Compliant Motion Control of Writ and Arm. J Robot Mechatron 1991. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.1991.p0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper describe a method for high-speed compliance control by cooperation between an arm and a wrist body. To realize high-speed compliance control, it is necessary to reduce the endpoint inertia. The proposed method alleviates this problem by physically reducing the endpoint inertia, introducing a discreet wrist body, which is set up at the end of the arm, and by cooperative control between them. The wrist can generate a highspeed compliance because of its low inertia. However, the wrist's range of motion is restricted within a small range. We developed a method to solve this problem. The wrist can generate a desired compliance, and the arm expands the wrist's range of motion. Consequently, the wrist-and-arm system can achieve compliant motion beyond the wrist's range of motion with multi degrees of freedom. We analyzed the behavior of the proposed wrist-and-arm system and compared it with the conventional method using force sensor feedback. This control method is implemented in a prototype system. We had experiments to evaluate our method by touching the cyclic displacement. We confirm the effectiveness of the cooperative control method by the results. They showed that our cooperative control method can expand wrist's range of motion.
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Takemoto Y, Shinohara Y, Fujimori Y, Andoh S, Akagi T, Okuda K, Okada Y, Kobaba R, Sawada C, Inoue N. [The role of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute leukemia during first remission]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1988; 29:2018-23. [PMID: 3070072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Matsumoto T, Sasaki S, Sawada C. Umweganregung process of multiple diffraction in orthopyroxenens and enargite. Acta Crystallogr A 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767381094932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Koizumi K, Hashimoto K, Mitarai M, Sawada C. [Studies on transformations of carbohydrates. II. Epimerization and degradation of glucose in diluted strong alkaline solution. (1) (author's transl)]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 1974; 94:232-7. [PMID: 4859135 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi1947.94.2_232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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