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Chen H, Yan X, He F, Ding SC, Diao JF, Guo H, Cao SM, Yang CJ, Yin F. [Clinical study on application of 3D Slicer software assisted domestic frameless stereotactic robot in biopsy of intracranial lesions]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:61-65. [PMID: 36603886 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220610-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the application value of 3D Slicer software assisted domestic frameless stereotactic robot in biopsy of intracranial lesions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 80 patients who admitted consecutively and underwent intracerebral lesions biopsy with the domestic frameless stereotactic robot at Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. There were 36 males and 44 females, with a mean age of (38.5±18.0) years (range: 6 to 71 years). Before surgery only enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared gradient echo sequences and diffusion tensor imaging scans were performed. Self-reconstruction of intracranial lesions, cerebral cortex and blood vessels was carried out using 3D Slicer software system after the DICOM format imaging data of 80 patients were collected. These imaging data were merged to the workstation of the domestic frameless stereotactic robot for preoperative surgical planning and the surgical puncture path was designed to avoid blood vessels in the brain functional area, cerebral cortex and sulcus. Results: All frameless stereotactic biopsy were successfully performed. Postoperative pathological diagnosis included 50 cases of diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglioma, 15 cases of lymphoma, 5 cases of metastatic tumors, 5 cases of inflammatory demyelinating disease, 2 cases of inflammatory granuloma, 1 case of hemangioma, 1 case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia intracranial invasion and 1 case of seminoma. The positive diagnosis rate was 100% (80/80). Postoperative imaging confirmed that the puncture path and target were accurately implemented according to the preoperative planning, and the target error was (1.32±0.44) mm (range: 0.55 to 1.99 mm). One case of puncture-related bleeding occurred at the target after surgery and improved after treatment. Conclusion: The three-dimensional multimodal images reconstructed by the 3D Slicer software before operation could help the surgeons make the preoperative planning and reduce the risk of stereotactic brain biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S C Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J F Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S M Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C J Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
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Yang CJ, Ladejobi O, Mott R, Powell W, Mackay I. Analysis of historical selection in winter wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:3005-3023. [PMID: 35864201 PMCID: PMC9482581 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Modeling of the distribution of allele frequency over year of variety release identifies major loci involved in historical breeding of winter wheat. Winter wheat is a major crop with a rich selection history in the modern era of crop breeding. Genetic gains across economically important traits like yield have been well characterized and are the major force driving its production. Winter wheat is also an excellent model for analyzing historical genetic selection. As a proof of concept, we analyze two major collections of winter wheat varieties that were bred in Western Europe from 1916 to 2010, namely the Triticeae Genome (TG) and WAGTAIL panels, which include 333 and 403 varieties, respectively. We develop and apply a selection mapping approach, Regression of Alleles on Years (RALLY), in these panels, as well as in simulated populations. RALLY maps loci under sustained historical selection by using a simple logistic model to regress allele counts on years of variety release. To control for drift-induced allele frequency change, we develop a hybrid approach of genomic control and delta control. Within the TG panel, we identify 22 significant RALLY quantitative selection loci (QSLs) and estimate the local heritabilities for 12 traits across these QSLs. By correlating predicted marker effects with RALLY regression estimates, we show that alleles whose frequencies have increased over time are heavily biased toward conferring positive yield effect, but negative effects in flowering time, lodging, plant height and grain protein content. Altogether, our results (1) demonstrate the use of RALLY to identify selected genomic regions while controlling for drift, and (2) reveal key patterns in the historical selection in winter wheat and guide its future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Jian Yang
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Olufunmilayo Ladejobi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard Mott
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ian Mackay
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
- IMplant Consultancy Ltd, Chelmsford, UK.
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Samayoa LF, Olukolu BA, Yang CJ, Chen Q, Stetter MG, York AM, Sanchez-Gonzalez JDJ, Glaubitz JC, Bradbury PJ, Romay MC, Sun Q, Yang J, Ross-Ibarra J, Buckler ES, Doebley JF, Holland JB. Domestication reshaped the genetic basis of inbreeding depression in a maize landrace compared to its wild relative, teosinte. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009797. [PMID: 34928949 PMCID: PMC8722731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding depression is the reduction in fitness and vigor resulting from mating of close relatives observed in many plant and animal species. The extent to which the genetic load of mutations contributing to inbreeding depression is due to large-effect mutations versus variants with very small individual effects is unknown and may be affected by population history. We compared the effects of outcrossing and self-fertilization on 18 traits in a landrace population of maize, which underwent a population bottleneck during domestication, and a neighboring population of its wild relative teosinte. Inbreeding depression was greater in maize than teosinte for 15 of 18 traits, congruent with the greater segregating genetic load in the maize population that we predicted from sequence data. Parental breeding values were highly consistent between outcross and selfed offspring, indicating that additive effects determine most of the genetic value even in the presence of strong inbreeding depression. We developed a novel linkage scan to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) representing large-effect rare variants carried by only a single parent, which were more important in teosinte than maize. Teosinte also carried more putative juvenile-acting lethal variants identified by segregation distortion. These results suggest a mixture of mostly polygenic, small-effect partially recessive effects in linkage disequilibrium underlying inbreeding depression, with an additional contribution from rare larger-effect variants that was more important in teosinte but depleted in maize following the domestication bottleneck. Purging associated with the maize domestication bottleneck may have selected against some large effect variants, but polygenic load is harder to purge and overall segregating mutational burden increased in maize compared to teosinte. Inbreeding depression is the reduction in fitness and vigor resulting from mating of close relatives observed in many plant and animal species. Mating of close relatives increases the probability that an individual inherits two non-functioning mutations at the same gene, resulting in lower fitness of such matings. We do not know the extent to which inbreeding depression is due to mutations with large-effects versus small-effect polygenic variants. We compared the effects of outcrossing and self-fertilization on 18 traits in a landrace population of maize, which underwent a population bottleneck during domestication, and a neighboring population of its wild relative teosinte. Inbreeding depression was greater in maize than teosinte for 15 of 18 traits and we found that this was consistent with higher predicted ‘genetic load’ in maize based solely on the evolutionary conservation of the sequence variants observed in the population. We also mapped genome positions associated with inbreeding depression, identifying more and larger-effect genetic variants in teosinte than maize. These results suggest that during domestication, some of the rare large-effect variants in teosinte were bred out, but many genetic variants of small effects on inbreeding depression increased in frequency maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Samayoa
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bode A. Olukolu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chin Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Markus G. Stetter
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandra M. York
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Glaubitz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Bradbury
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Cinta Romay
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Edward S. Buckler
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - John F. Doebley
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James B. Holland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agriculture Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang CJ, Edmondson RN, Piepho HP, Powell W, Mackay I. Crafting for a better MAGIC: systematic design and test for Multiparental Advanced Generation Inter-Cross population. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 2021; 11:6354367. [PMID: 34849794 PMCID: PMC8527519 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Multiparental Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) populations are valuable crop resources with a wide array of research uses including genetic mapping of complex traits, management of genetic resources and breeding of new varieties. Multiple founders are crossed to create a rich mosaic of highly recombined founder genomes in the MAGIC recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Many variations of MAGIC population designs exist; however, a large proportion of the currently available populations have been created empirically and based on similar designs. In our evaluations of five MAGIC populations, we found that the choice of designs has a large impact on the recombination landscape in the RILs. The most popular design used in many MAGIC populations has been shown to have a bias in recombinant haplotypes and low level of unique recombinant haplotypes, and therefore is not recommended. To address this problem and provide a remedy for the future, we have developed the “magicdesign” R package for creating and testing any MAGIC population design via simulation. A Shiny app version of the package is available as well. Our “magicdesign” package provides a unifying tool and a framework for creativity and innovation in MAGIC population designs. For example, using this package, we demonstrate that MAGIC population designs can be found which are very effective in creating haplotype diversity without the requirement for very large crossing programs. Furthermore, we show that interspersing cycles of crossing with cycles of selfing is effective in increasing haplotype diversity. These approaches are applicable in species that are hard to cross or in which resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ian Mackay
- Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- IMplant Consultancy Ltd., Chelmsford, UK
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5
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Gao X, Yang CJ, Tian JH, Zhang HC. [Analysis of pathogen monitoring results of infectious diarrhea in Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from 2016 to 2019]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:879-883. [PMID: 34304426 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200714-01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: to analyze the distribution characteristics of major enteropathogens in infectious diarrhea cases attending the intestinal outpatient clinic of Beijing Traditional Chinese medicine hospital, Capital Medical University. Methods: From 2016 to 2019, 588 fecal samples of patients with infectious diarrhea in Beijing Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected for microbial isolation, culture, identification and pathogen gene detection. Using VITEK 2 compact full-automatic microbial identification/drug sensitivity analysis system to identify the bacteria isolated from the culture; using serum agglutination test to classify the pure colonies; using multiple fluorescence quantitative PCR amplification technology to detect the gene amplification of the samples. Results: In 2016-2019, the total physical examination rate of pathogen was 39.796%. The top three pathogen were diarrhea Escherichia coli (21.769%, n=128), Salmonella (5.782%, n=34), Vibrio (4.762%, n=28). The difference of positive rates of different pathogens in four years was statistically significant (P=0.021), and the peak of incidence was from July to September. The positive rate of norovirus was 5.612% (n=33), and the highest incidence occurred in May. Conclusion: The pathogen of infectious diarrhea patients in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October 2016-2019 is mainly diarrhea Escherichia coli, and the pathogen type of norovirus is GⅡ genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- Department of Laboratory, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - C J Yang
- Department of Laboratory, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - J H Tian
- Department of Laboratory, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - H C Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China Department of Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
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Yang CJ, Russell J, Ramsay L, Thomas W, Powell W, Mackay I. Overcoming barriers to the registration of new plant varieties under the DUS system. Commun Biol 2021; 4:302. [PMID: 33686157 PMCID: PMC7940638 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) is an intellectual property system introduced in 1961 by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) for safeguarding the investment and rewarding innovation in developing new plant varieties. Despite the rapid advancement in our understanding of crop biology over the past 60 years, the DUS system has changed little and is still largely dependent upon a set of morphological traits for testing candidate varieties. As the demand for more plant varieties increases, the barriers to registration of new varieties become more acute and thus require urgent review to the system. To highlight the challenges and remedies in the current system, we evaluated a comprehensive panel of 805 UK barley varieties that span the entire history of DUS testing. Our findings reveal the system deficiencies such as inconsistencies in DUS traits across environments, limitations in DUS trait combinatorial space, and inadequacies in currently available DUS markers. We advocate the concept of genomic DUS and provide evidence for a shift towards a robust genomics-enabled registration system for new crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Jian Yang
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Joanne Russell
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Luke Ramsay
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - William Thomas
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ian Mackay
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
- IMplant Consultancy Ltd., Chelmsford, UK.
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Dai J, Sun PY, Chen HC, Dong LJ, Jin XM, Li YF, Wang J, Yang CJ, Yang M, Zeng ZJ, Ma YL, Chen M. [Characteristics of HIV-1 genotype and drug resistance among men who have sex with men in Kunming, 2018]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:1335-1340. [PMID: 32867446 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20191107-00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV-1 genotypes and drug resistance among men who have sex with men in Kunming in 2018. Methods: A total of 193 plasma samples were collected from the newly reported HIV-1 infected MSM in Kunming from January to December 2018. Viral RNA was extracted, and the gag, pol, env gene segments were amplified by nested PCR. HIV-1 genotypes and drug resistance were also analyzed. Subsequently, the evolutionary characteristics of CRF55_01B and CRF68_01B among MSM in Kunming were analyzed by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Results: Multiple HIV-1 genotypes were identified among these 193 samples, including CRF07_BC (39.4%, 76/193), CRF01_AE (34.2%, 66/193), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (20.2%, 39/193), CRF08_BC (3.1%, 6/193), CRF55_01B (1.6%, 3/193), subtype B (1.0%, 2/193) and CRF68_01B (0.5%, 1/193). Results from the Bayesian evolutionary analysis showed that CRF55_01B started to spread locally after being imported from other provinces, while CRF68_01B was likely to have been brought in from the eastern provinces of China. Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistant strains was 2.6%(5/190) before antiviral treatment, with mutation rates resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors being the highest (2.1%, 4/190) among MSM in Kunming, 2018. Conclusion: The diversity of HIV-1 was increasing among MSM in Kunming. Although the resistance rate on pretreatment drug was relatively low, the emergence of multiple resistant strains to first-line antiviral drugs posed a challenge to antiretroviral therapy, in Kunming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dai
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - P Y Sun
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - H C Chen
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - L J Dong
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - X M Jin
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Y F Li
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - J Wang
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - C J Yang
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - M Yang
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Z J Zeng
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Y L Ma
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - M Chen
- Institute for AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
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Chen Q, Samayoa LF, Yang CJ, Bradbury PJ, Olukolu BA, Neumeyer MA, Romay MC, Sun Q, Lorant A, Buckler ES, Ross-Ibarra J, Holland JB, Doebley JF. The genetic architecture of the maize progenitor, teosinte, and how it was altered during maize domestication. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008791. [PMID: 32407310 PMCID: PMC7266358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetics of domestication has been extensively studied ever since the rediscovery of Mendel's law of inheritance and much has been learned about the genetic control of trait differences between crops and their ancestors. Here, we ask how domestication has altered genetic architecture by comparing the genetic architecture of 18 domestication traits in maize and its ancestor teosinte using matched populations. We observed a strongly reduced number of QTL for domestication traits in maize relative to teosinte, which is consistent with the previously reported depletion of additive variance by selection during domestication. We also observed more dominance in maize than teosinte, likely a consequence of selective removal of additive variants. We observed that large effect QTL have low minor allele frequency (MAF) in both maize and teosinte. Regions of the genome that are strongly differentiated between teosinte and maize (high FST) explain less quantitative variation in maize than teosinte, suggesting that, in these regions, allelic variants were brought to (or near) fixation during domestication. We also observed that genomic regions of high recombination explain a disproportionately large proportion of heritable variance both before and after domestication. Finally, we observed that about 75% of the additive variance in both teosinte and maize is "missing" in the sense that it cannot be ascribed to detectable QTL and only 25% of variance maps to specific QTL. This latter result suggests that morphological evolution during domestication is largely attributable to very large numbers of QTL of very small effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Chen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Luis Fernando Samayoa
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chin Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Bradbury
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bode A. Olukolu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Neumeyer
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Maria Cinta Romay
- Genomic Diversity Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Genomic Diversity Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Anne Lorant
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Edward S. Buckler
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - James B. Holland
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John F. Doebley
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Esposito VR, Yerokun BA, Mulvihill MS, Cox ML, Andrew BY, Yang CJ, Choi AY, Moore C, D’Amico TA, Tong BC, Hartwig MG. Resection of the irradiated esophagus: the impact of lymph node yield on survival. Dis Esophagus 2020; 33:5770817. [PMID: 32115648 PMCID: PMC7548436 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is debate surrounding the appropriate threshold for lymph node harvest during esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer, specifically for those receiving preoperative radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of lymph node yield on survival in patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation for esophageal cancer. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was utilized to identify patients with esophageal cancer that received preoperative radiation. The cohort was divided into patients undergoing minimal (<9) or extensive (≥9) lymph node yield. Demographic, operative, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log rank test was used to compare survival between the yield groups. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the association between lymph node yield and survival. In total, 886 cases were included: 349 (39%) belonging to the minimal node group and 537 (61%) to the extensive group. Unadjusted 5-year survival was similar between the minimal and extensive groups, respectively (37.3% vs. 38.8%; P > 0.05). After adjustment using Cox regression, extensive lymph node yield was associated with survival (hazard ratio 0.80, confidence interval 0.66-0.98, P = 0.03). This study suggests that extensive lymph node yield is advantageous for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy following induction therapy. This most likely reflects improved diagnosis and staging with extensive yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Esposito
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B A Yerokun
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M S Mulvihill
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M L Cox
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B Y Andrew
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C J Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Y Choi
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Address correspondence to: Ashley Y. Choi, BA, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3863, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Tel: (410) 336-2490; Fax: (919) 613-5653.
| | - C Moore
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - T A D’Amico
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B C Tong
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M G Hartwig
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Chen Q, Yang CJ, York AM, Xue W, Daskalska LL, DeValk CA, Krueger KW, Lawton SB, Spiegelberg BG, Schnell JM, Neumeyer MA, Perry JS, Peterson AC, Kim B, Bergstrom L, Yang L, Barber IC, Tian F, Doebley JF. TeoNAM: A Nested Association Mapping Population for Domestication and Agronomic Trait Analysis in Maize. Genetics 2019; 213:1065-1078. [PMID: 31481533 PMCID: PMC6827374 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) are an important resource for mapping genes controlling complex traits in many species. While RIL populations have been developed for maize, a maize RIL population with multiple teosinte inbred lines as parents has been lacking. Here, we report a teosinte nested association mapping (TeoNAM) population, derived from crossing five teosinte inbreds to the maize inbred line W22. The resulting 1257 BC1S4 RILs were genotyped with 51,544 SNPs, providing a high-density genetic map with a length of 1540 cM. On average, each RIL is 15% homozygous teosinte and 8% heterozygous. We performed joint linkage mapping (JLM) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for 22 domestication and agronomic traits. A total of 255 QTL from JLM were identified, with many of these mapping near known genes or novel candidate genes. TeoNAM is a useful resource for QTL mapping for the discovery of novel allelic variation from teosinte. TeoNAM provides the first report that PROSTRATE GROWTH1, a rice domestication gene, is also a QTL associated with tillering in teosinte and maize. We detected multiple QTL for flowering time and other traits for which the teosinte allele contributes to a more maize-like phenotype. Such QTL could be valuable in maize improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Chen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chin Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Alessandra M York
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lora L Daskalska
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Craig A DeValk
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kyle W Krueger
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Samuel B Lawton
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Jack M Schnell
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Michael A Neumeyer
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joseph S Perry
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Aria C Peterson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Brandon Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Laura Bergstrom
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Liyan Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, China
| | - Isaac C Barber
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Feng Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - John F Doebley
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Wei T, Yang CJ, Chen M, Jia MH, Ma YL, Luo HB, Lu L. [HIV-1 gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in two border areas of Yunnan province]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 39:1617-1620. [PMID: 30572388 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the features of distribution on HIV-1 gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the border areas of Yunnan province. Methods: A total of 233 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 18 or more were consecutively included in the border counties of Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture (Dehong prefecture), Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture (Honghe prefecture) of Yunnan province from November 2015 to October 2016. HIV-1 RNA was extracted with pol and env genes amplified. HIV-1 gene subtypes were determined through phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 146 out of 233 specimens were genotyped successfully. HIV-1 was found to have had 8 gene subtypes in Dehong prefecture, with the unique recombinant forms (URFs) as the predominant (52.8%, 57/108) type, including 56.8% (21/37) of the cases with Chinese ethnicity and another 50.7% (36/71) were Myanmar citizens. Four HIV-1 gene subtypes were detected in Honghe prefecture, with CRF01_AE as predominant (71.1%, 27/38), including 81.0% (17/21) Vietnamese and 58.8% (10/17) Chinese. Differences on the distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes were seen statistically significant between Dehong prefecture and Honghe prefecture (χ(2)=61.072, P<0.001). Conclusions: The distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes showed big difference in the two border areas of Yunnan province, suggesting that both Chinese or non- Chinese citizens living in the area should be taken good care of, in terms of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wei
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - C J Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - M Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - M H Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Y L Ma
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - H B Luo
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - L Lu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Health and Family Planning Commission of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650200, China
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12
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Guo L, Wang X, Zhao M, Huang C, Li C, Li D, Yang CJ, York AM, Xue W, Xu G, Liang Y, Chen Q, Doebley JF, Tian F. Stepwise cis-Regulatory Changes in ZCN8 Contribute to Maize Flowering-Time Adaptation. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3005-3015.e4. [PMID: 30220503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) was domesticated in southwestern Mexico ∼9,000 years ago from its wild ancestor, teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) [1]. From its center of origin, maize experienced a rapid range expansion and spread over 90° of latitude in the Americas [2-4], which required a novel flowering-time adaptation. ZEA CENTRORADIALIS 8 (ZCN8) is the maize florigen gene and has a central role in mediating flowering [5, 6]. Here, we show that ZCN8 underlies a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) (qDTA8) for flowering time that was consistently detected in multiple maize-teosinte experimental populations. Through association analysis in a large diverse panel of maize inbred lines, we identified a SNP (SNP-1245) in the ZCN8 promoter that showed the strongest association with flowering time. SNP-1245 co-segregated with qDTA8 in maize-teosinte mapping populations. We demonstrate that SNP-1245 is associated with differential binding by the flowering activator ZmMADS1. SNP-1245 was a target of selection during early domestication, which drove the pre-existing early flowering allele to near fixation in maize. Interestingly, we detected an independent association block upstream of SNP-1245, wherein the early flowering allele that most likely originated from Zea mays ssp. mexicana introgressed into the early flowering haplotype of SNP-1245 and contributed to maize adaptation to northern high latitudes. Our study demonstrates how independent cis-regulatory variants at a gene can be selected at different evolutionary times for local adaptation, highlighting how complex cis-regulatory control mechanisms evolve. Finally, we propose a polygenic map for the pre-Columbian spread of maize throughout the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehan Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Zhao
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chin Jian Yang
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alessandra M York
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Guanghui Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yameng Liang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John F Doebley
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Feng Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yang CJ, Kursel LE, Studer AJ, Bartlett ME, Whipple CJ, Doebley JF. A Gene for Genetic Background in Zea mays: Fine-Mapping enhancer of teosinte branched1.2 to a YABBY Class Transcription Factor. Genetics 2016; 204:1573-1585. [PMID: 27729422 PMCID: PMC5161286 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.194928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of an allelic substitution at a gene often depend critically on genetic background, i.e., the genotypes at other genes in the genome. During the domestication of maize from its wild ancestor (teosinte), an allelic substitution at teosinte branched (tb1) caused changes in both plant and ear architecture. The effects of tb1 on phenotype were shown to depend on multiple background loci, including one called enhancer of tb1.2 (etb1.2). We mapped etb1.2 to a YABBY class transcription factor (ZmYAB2.1) and showed that the maize alleles of ZmYAB2.1 are either expressed at a lower level than teosinte alleles or disrupted by insertions in the sequences. tb1 and etb1.2 interact epistatically to control the length of internodes within the maize ear, which affects how densely the kernels are packed on the ear. The interaction effect is also observed at the level of gene expression, with tb1 acting as a repressor of ZmYAB2.1 expression. Curiously, ZmYAB2.1 was previously identified as a candidate gene for another domestication trait in maize, nonshattering ears. Consistent with this proposed role, ZmYAB2.1 is expressed in a narrow band of cells in immature ears that appears to represent a vestigial abscission (shattering) zone. Expression in this band of cells may also underlie the effect on internode elongation. The identification of ZmYAB2.1 as a background factor interacting with tb1 is a first step toward a gene-level understanding of how tb1 and the background within which it works evolved in concert during maize domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lisa E Kursel
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Anthony J Studer
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | | | - John F Doebley
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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14
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Abstract
Teosinte, the ancestor of maize, possesses multiple ears at each node along its main stalk, whereas maize has only a single ear at each node. With its greater ear number, teosinte is referred to as being more prolific. The grassy tillers 1 (gt1) gene has been identified as a large-effect quantitative trait locus underlying this prolificacy difference between maize and teosinte, and the causal polymorphism for the difference was mapped to a 2.7kb control region 5' of the gt1 ORF. The most common maize haplotype (M1) at the gt1 control region confers low prolificacy. A prior study reported that 29% of maize varieties possess the teosinte haplotype (T) for the control region, although these varieties are nonprolific. This observation suggested that these maize lines might possess an additional factor, other than gt1, suppressing prolificacy in maize. We discovered that the factor suppressing prolificacy in maize varieties with the gt1 T haplotype mapped to a 3.20 cM interval, which includes gt1 Subsequent DNA sequence analysis revealed that the maize varieties with the apparent T haplotype actually possess a distinct maize haplotype (M2) that is similar, but not identical, to the T haplotype in sequence but is associated with a nonprolific phenotype similar to the M1 haplotype. Our data indicate that the M2 haplotype or a closely linked factor confers a nonprolific phenotype. Our data suggest that 2 different alleles or haplotypes (M1 and M2) of gt1 were selected during domestication, and that nonprolificacy in all maize varieties is likely a result of allele substitutions at gt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- From the Life Science College, Shanxi Normal University, No. 1 Gongyuan Street, Linfen City, Shanxi Province 041004, China (L. Yang) and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 (C. J. Yang, Cheng, Xue, and Doebley)
| | - Chin Jian Yang
- From the Life Science College, Shanxi Normal University, No. 1 Gongyuan Street, Linfen City, Shanxi Province 041004, China (L. Yang) and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 (C. J. Yang, Cheng, Xue, and Doebley)
| | - Qi Cheng
- From the Life Science College, Shanxi Normal University, No. 1 Gongyuan Street, Linfen City, Shanxi Province 041004, China (L. Yang) and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 (C. J. Yang, Cheng, Xue, and Doebley)
| | - Wei Xue
- From the Life Science College, Shanxi Normal University, No. 1 Gongyuan Street, Linfen City, Shanxi Province 041004, China (L. Yang) and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 (C. J. Yang, Cheng, Xue, and Doebley)
| | - John F Doebley
- From the Life Science College, Shanxi Normal University, No. 1 Gongyuan Street, Linfen City, Shanxi Province 041004, China (L. Yang) and Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 (C. J. Yang, Cheng, Xue, and Doebley).
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15
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Abstract
The transcriptomes of salt-stressed and unstressed Betula kirghisorum plants were analyzed using high throughput sequencing technology. A total of 52,239,804 and 51,772,998 clean reads were obtained from the two libraries, respectively, and de novo assembled into 60,545 all-unigenes. A total of 39,997 unigenes were annotated using public databases. Overall, 7206 genes were differentially expressed in unigenes and were involved in 127 pathways. Thirteen transcription factor families were identified in B. kirghisorum, including GRAS proteins, which are plant-specific transcription factors. By using bioinformatic methods to predict and analyze physicochemical properties, structural data were obtained on the 19 potential GRAS proteins. The results revealed that these proteins are hydrophilic, with significant differences in their length and molecular weight. The main secondary structures were alpha helices and random coils. BkGRAS proteins possess typical GRAS domains: LHR I; VHIID motif; LHR II; PFYRE motif; and SAW motif. In the majority of BkGRAS proteins, AGG, AGA, UCU, GCU, GGG, CCA, GUU, GUG, AUU, GAU, and AAG codons were used preferentially. Aside from the BkGRAS17 gene (relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) = 1.20), usage of the UUA codon by other BkGRAS genes was low (RSCU < 1.0). The effective number of codons showed that BkGRAS genes have low codon bias. Subcellular localization analysis that predicted these proteins are found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, or chloroplast. BkGRAS proteins were divided into six subfamilies: SCR, LISCL, SCL3, DELLA, HAM, and PAT1. These results provide important information for the further functional study of GRAS genes in B. kirghisorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Yang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - G Y Li
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Y L Cui
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China .,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Meng GH, Song D, Li LB, Yang CJ, Qu ZX, Gao YP. Dietary methionine requirement of Jing Brown layer hens from 9 to 17 weeks of age. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:925-935. [PMID: 27173978 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary methionine (Met) supplementation in growth performance and reproductive performance of Jing Brown layer hens. A total of 375 9-week-old Jing Brown layer hens were allocated equally to five treatments consisting of 5 replicates with 15 hens. Hens were fed with a diet of corn and soya bean meal supplemented with 0.23%, 0.27%, 0.31%, 0.35% and 0.39% Met respectively. Different Met levels did not significantly affect average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) (p > 0.05), whereas flock uniformity (FU) and jejunum index were significantly different (p < 0.05), and the largest FU was observed in 0.31% Met. Dietary supplementation of Met significantly affected reproductive system development (p < 0.05), and 0.27-0.31% Met obtained optimal reproductive system development. Different Met levels significantly affected serum uric acid and alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, the relatively higher reproductive hormones in serum were observed in 0.27% Met. Analysis of quadratic curve estimation of flock uniformity, the total number of follicles, the primary follicles and the secondary follicles showed that the optimal Met levels were 0.293%, 0.286%, 0.286% and 0.288%, which could be averaged to 0.288%. These results suggested that the optimal Met requirement for Jing Brown layer hens from 9 to 17 weeks old is 0.29%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - D Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - L B Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - C J Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z X Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y P Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Yang CJ, Lee JY, Kang BC, Lee HS, Yoo MH, Park HJ. Quantitative analysis of gains and catch-up saccades of video-head-impulse testing by age in normal subjects. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 41:532-8. [PMID: 26453356 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate video-head-impulse test (vHIT) results in normal subjects, to determine the normative values of vHIT for the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and to characterise the catch-up saccades (CSs). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care academic referral centre. PARTICIPANTS Fifty healthy subjects with no history of vestibular impairment, ten each in their 20's, 30's, 40's, 50's and 60's, underwent vHITs in the lateral semicircular canal plane. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES vHIT gains and the incidence and amplitudes of covert and overt CSs. RESULTS The mean vHIT gain was 1.02 ± 0.07, and the mean gain asymmetry was 2.39 ± 1.96%, with no significant differences among age groups. CSs were observed during 22.6% of the trials and in 49% of the ears. The incidence of CSs was not associated with age. The mean velocity of CSs was 55.5 ± 16.9°/s, and its mean interaural difference was 11.8 ± 10.7°/s. CONCLUSIONS vHIT gains were consistently equal to 1.0 in all age groups (20's to 60's), suggesting that abnormal criteria for vHIT gain (e.g. 0.8) and gain asymmetry (e.g. 8%) can be used, regardless of age. CSs were observed in about half of normal ears, suggesting that VOR is a hypometric system. The amplitudes and interaural difference of CSs were also similar in all age groups, suggesting that abnormal criteria for CS amplitude (e.g. 100°/s) and interaural difference (e.g. 40°/s) can be used, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B C Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M H Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - H J Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
GRAS proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of root and shoot growth. Here, we cloned BkGRAS2 from Betula kirghisorum (abbreviated to Bk) and analyzed the physicochemical properties and expression pattern of the encoded protein. BkGRAS2 had an open reading frame of 1614 bp encoding 537 amino acid residues. The deduced BkGRAS2 protein was hydrophilic, and it contained highly conserved VHIID and SAW motifs. BkGRAS1 and BkGRAS2 showed considerable sequence similarities. An expression analysis indicated that BkGRAS2 was expressed in root, stem, and leaf, with the highest level in the leaf. Expression of BkGRAS2 was increased following stress treatment with 0.6% NaHCO3. Transient expression analysis of GFP-BkGRAS2 in onion epidermal cells revealed that the BkGRAS2 protein was localized in the cytoplasm, but could also be detected in the nucleus. Our study provides the basis for future research on the role of the GRAS gene family in B. kirghisorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Li
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - C J Yang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - G J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Yang CJ, Ding W, Ma LJ, Jia R. Discrimination and characterization of different intensities of goaty flavor in goat milk by means of an electronic nose. J Dairy Sci 2014; 98:55-67. [PMID: 25465555 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An electronic nose based on metal oxide sensors was used to measure goaty flavor in goat milk samples. To study the relationships between electronic nose data, sensory data, and levels of free fatty acids (FFA), multivariate partial least square regression (PLS) was carried out. The electronic nose system evaluation correlated well with sensory evaluation. The coefficients of determination (R(2)) of the PLS models reached 90.0%. The electronic nose, combined with principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, can discern among goat milk samples with different goaty flavor intensities. In addition, Fisher discriminant analysis and back-propagation neural network were carried out to evaluate goaty flavor intensity, and the prediction accuracies were 98.2 and 100.0%, respectively. The electronic nose is a potentially useful tool to evaluate goaty flavor intensity in goat milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - W Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - L J Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - R Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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20
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Bjarnason TA, Yang CJ. Poster - Thur Eve - 02: Measurement of CT radiation profile width using Fuji CR imaging plate raw data. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4894988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Islam MM, Ahmed ST, Kim YJ, Mun HS, Kim YJ, Yang CJ. Effect of Sea Tangle (Laminaria japonica) and Charcoal Supplementation as Alternatives to Antibiotics on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Ducks. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:217-24. [PMID: 25049946 PMCID: PMC4093215 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A total of 150 growing ducks were assigned to five dietary treatments to study the effect of sea tangle and charcoal (STC) supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics in a completely randomized design. There were six replicates and five ducklings in each replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic, and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% STC supplemented diets. No significant differences were found on ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed among treatments in different weeks. The overall (0 to 3 weeks) ADFI decreased in antibiotic treatment (p<0.05) whereas the gain:feed increased significantly upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to control (p<0.05). No significant variation was found in meat chemical composition except crude fat content which was high in 1.0% STC dietary group (p<0.05). Meat cholesterol was reduced in 0.1% STC group (p<0.05) compared to other dose levels while serum cholesterol was unaffected. High density lipoprotein (HDL) content was high in 1.0% STC (p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was low in 0.1% and 1.0% STC dietary groups (p = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of fresh meat, whereas the TBARS value of meat preserved for 1 week was reduced significantly in STC dietary groups (p<0.05). The 0.1% STC dietary group showed an increased myristic acid (p = 0.07) content whereas, the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids increased in STC supplementation than antibiotic group (p<0.05). An increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduced ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was found upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to antibiotic dietary group (p<0.05). Therefore, 1.0% STC dietary supplementation can be used as alternatives to antibiotics in duck production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Islam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - S T Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - H S Mun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - C J Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
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Ahmed ST, Hossain ME, Kim GM, Hwang JA, Ji H, Yang CJ. Effects of resveratrol and essential oils on growth performance, immunity, digestibility and fecal microbial shedding in challenged piglets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:683-90. [PMID: 25049839 PMCID: PMC4093338 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resveratrol and essential oils from medicinal plants on the growth performance, immunity, digestibility, and fecal microbial shedding of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (8 kg initial weight, 28-d-old) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 3 replications of 4 piglets each. The dietary treatments were NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.2% resveratrol), and T2 (basal diet+0.0125% essential oil blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 ml culture fluid containing 2.3×108 cfu/ml of Escherichia coli KCTC 2571 and 5.9×108 cfu/ml Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium. The PC group (p<0.05) showed the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experimental period, although feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in the T1 group (p>0.05). Serum IgG level was increased in the T1 group, whereas TNF-α levels was reduced in the supplemented groups compared to control (p<0.05). The PC diet improved the dry matter (DM) digestibility, whereas PC and T2 diets improved nitrogen (N) digestibility compared to NC and T1 diets (p<0.05). Fecal Salmonella and E. coli counts were reduced in all treatment groups compared to control (p<0.05). Fecal Lactobacillus spp. count was increased in the T2 group compared to others (p<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on fecal Bacillus spp. count throughout the entire experimental period. Based on these results, resveratrol showed strong potential as antibiotic alternatives for reversing the adverse effects of weaning stress on growth performance, immunity and microbial environment in E. coli and Salmonella-challenged piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - M E Hossain
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - G M Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - J A Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - H Ji
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - C J Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
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Ahmed ST, Hwang JA, Hoon J, Mun HS, Yang CJ. Comparison of single and blend acidifiers as alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, fecal microflora, and humoral immunity in weaned piglets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:93-100. [PMID: 25049931 PMCID: PMC4093283 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The banning of the use of antibiotics as feed additive has accelerated investigations of alternative feed additives in animal production. This experiment investigated the effect of pure citric acid or acidifier blend supplementation as substitute for antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance, fecal microbial count, and humoral immunity in weaned piglets challenged with Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium and Escherichia coli KCTC 2571. A total of 60 newly weaned piglets (crossbred, 28-d-old; average 8 kg initial weight) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included NC (negative control; basal diet), PC (positive control; basal diet+0.002% apramycin), T1 (basal diet+0.5% pure citric acid), and T2 (basal diet+0.4% acidifier blend). All piglets were orally challenged with 5 mL of culture fluid containing 2.3×108 cfu/mL of E. coli KCTC 2571 and 5.9×108 cfu/mL of S. typhimurium at the beginning of the experiment. The PC group showed the highest ADG and ADFI, whereas gain:feed was improved in the PC and T1 group (p<0.05). All dietary treatments showed significant reduction in fecal counts of Salmonella and E. coli, compared to NC (p<0.05), with PC being better than T1 and T2. Significant elevation in fecal Lactobacillus spp. counts was shown by treatments with T1, T2, and PC, whereas Bacillus spp. counts were increased by treatment with T1 and T2 compared to NC and PC diet (p<0.05). Serum IgG concentration was increased by T1 diet (p<0.05), whereas IgM and IgA were not significantly affected by any of the dietary treatments (p>0.05). From these above results, it can be concluded that, as alternatives to antibiotics dietary acidification with pure citric acid or acidifiers blend did not fully ameliorate the negative effects of microbial challenges in respect of growth performance and microbial environment, however improved immunity suggested further research with different dose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - J A Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - J Hoon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - H S Mun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - C J Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
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Fang X, Cai Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Yang CJ, Yuan L, Ouyang G. Twist2 contributes to breast cancer progression by promoting an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like cell self-renewal. Oncogene 2011; 30:4707-20. [PMID: 21602879 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved cellular programme that has an important role in normal embryogenesis and in cancer invasion and metastasis. We report here that Twist2, a tissue-specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is overexpressed in human breast cancers and lymph node metastases. In mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells, ectopic overexpression of Twist2 results in morphological transformation, downregulation of epithelial markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers. Moreover, Twist2 enhances the cell migration and colony-forming abilities of mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells in vitro and promotes tumour growth in vivo. Ectopic expression of Twist2 in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells increases the size and number of their CD44(high)/CD24(low) stem-like cell sub-populations, promotes the expression of stem cell markers and enhances the self-renewal capabilities of stem-like cells. In addition, exogenous expression of Twist2 leads to constitutive activation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and downregulation of E-cadherin. Thus, the overexpression of Twist2 may contribute to breast cancer progression by activating the EMT programme and enhancing the self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Chang WC, Huang MS, Yang CJ, Wang WY, Lai TC, Hsiao M, Chen CH. Dermcidin identification from exhaled air for lung cancer diagnosis. Eur Respir J 2010; 35:1182-5. [PMID: 20436176 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00169509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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De Jean P, Ding Y, Ray B, Stayman J, Yang CJ, Yorkston J, Foos D, Machado A, Mahesh M, Carrino J, Siewerdsen J. WE-E-201C-02: Portable Dual-Energy Imaging with a Wireless DR Detector: Optimal Technique and Material Decomposition for High-Performance ICU Imaging. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yang CJ, Liu SX, Liu JB, Wang ZY, Luo DF, Zhang GL, Zhang XJ, Yang S. Holmium Laser Treatment of Genital Warts: an Observational Study of 1500 Cases. Acta Derm Venereol 2008; 88:136-8. [DOI: 10.2340/00015555-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhang XJ, Song YX, Zhang XQ, Yang S, Li M, Li CR, Yang CJ, Yang J. A new glycine substitution mutation in the COL7A1 gene in a Chinese family with dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:437-9. [PMID: 12823310 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene encoding type VII collagen, the major component of anchoring fibrils. The characteristic genetic lesion in dominant DEB (DDEB) is a glycine substitution in the collagenous domain of the protein. In this study, we identified a Chinese family with a four-generation pedigree of DDEB, in whom a novel glycine substitution mutation in COL7A1 was demonstrated. A heterozygous nucleotide G-->A transition at position 6208 in exon 74 of COL7A1 was detected, which resulted in a glycine to arginine substitution (G2070R) in the triple-helical domain of type VII collagen. This substitution was not found in 110 unrelated normal alleles. This report emphasizes the predominance of glycine substitution mutations in DDEB and contributes to the expanding database on COL7A1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Wu LS, Chen JC, Sheu SY, Huang CC, Kuo YH, Chiu CH, Lian WX, Yang CJ, Kaphle K, Lin JH. Isocupressic acid blocks progesterone production from bovine luteal cells. Am J Chin Med 2003; 30:533-41. [PMID: 12568280 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x02000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were reported to induce abortions when fed to late-term pregnant beef cows in North America. An in vivo study of pregnant cows suggested that isocupressic acid (IA) was the main abortifacient isolated from needles and bark of the pine. However, the mechanism of abortifacient activity of IA is not clear yet. In a pregnant cow, the corpus luteum of the ovary helps the maintenance of pregnancy by its progesterone production. This study involved the IA extracted from the root of the Taiwan cypress (Juniperus formosana) and used a frozen-thawed bovine luteal cell culture system to investigate the action of IA on progesterone production. Thawed bovine luteal cells (1 x 10(5) cells/ml/well) in M199 medium were cultured in 24-well culture plates at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Ten ml of tested drugs, IA at 1 to 1000 ng/ml and/or ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) at 1 to 100 ng/microl or 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) with 0.1-10 mM, were added into each well. After 4 hours of incubation, the media were harvested and assayed for progesterone by an enzyme immunoassay. Progesterone production from cells was the indicator used to evaluate the action of IA. All tested doses of IA significantly inhibited progesterone production in both basal and oLH stimulating conditions. Also those dosages inhibited cyclic adenosine-3',5'- monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation, suggesting a post-cAMP mechanism is involved in the IA action. We concluded that IA can induce pregnant cows to abort partly through blocking luteal function and may be identified as a new abortifacient chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Wu
- Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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30
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Abstract
The output ratio in air, OR, for a high-energy x-ray beam describes how the incident central axis photon fluence varies with collimator setting. For field sizes larger than 3 x 3 cm2, its variation is caused by the scatter of photons in structures in the accelerator head (primarily the flattening filter and the wedge, if one is used) and by the backscatter of radiation into the monitor ionization chamber. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an analytical function to parametrize OR for square collimator setting c: OR = (1 + a1.c).[1 + a2.erf(c/lambda)2].H0. For open beams, these parameters can be attributed to explicit physical meanings within the systematical uncertainty of the model: a1 accounts for backscatter into the monitor, a2 is the maximum scatter-to-primary ratio for head-scattered photons, and lambda represents the effective width of the "source" of head-scatter photons. H0 is a constant that sets OR = 1 for c = 10 cm. This formula also fits OR for wedge beams and a Co-60 unit, although the fitting parameters lose their physical interpretations. To calculate the output ratio for a rectangular field, cx x cy, an equivalent square can be used: c = (1 + k).cy x cx/(k.cx + cy), where k is a constant. The study included a number of different accelerators and a cobalt-60 unit. The fits for square fields agreed with measurements with a standard deviation (SD) of less than 0.5%. Using k = lx.(f - ly)/ly.(f - lx), where lx and ly are the source-to-collimator distances and f is the source-to-detector distance, measurements and calculations agreed within a SD of 0.7% for rectangular fields. Sufficient data for the three parameters are presented to suggest constraints that can be used for quality assurance of the measured output ratio in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,
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Gowda A, Yang CJ, Asimakis GK, Ruef J, Rastegar S, Runge MS, Motamedi M. Cardioprotection by local heating: improved myocardial salvage after ischemia and reperfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:1241-7. [PMID: 9594845 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that expression of the inducible 70-kD heat-shock protein (HSP72) by whole-body hyperthermia is associated with protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. To develop techniques for regional elevation of heat-shock proteins that prevent extracardiac sequelae during whole-body hyperthermia, we sought to determine if local heating of the heart in vivo provides protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. METHODS A thermal probe was used to locally heat rat hearts at two adjacent sites on the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. Rats were subjected to either 30 minutes of sham surgery (control; n = 10) or two local applications of the probe at 42.5 degrees to 43.5 degrees C for 15 minutes each (n = 9). After 4 hours, rats were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Hearts were removed and area at risk and infarct area were determined. RESULTS Localized heat stress resulted in a significant limitation of infarct size in heat-treated animals versus controls (mean +/- standard error of the mean infarct area/area at risk = 4.3% +/- 0.85 versus 19.2% +/- 3.4%; p < 0.005). Western blot experiments confirmed elevated HSP72 expression in left (heated) and right (nonheated) ventricular samples from treated animals (n = 6; left ventricular = 5.5-fold; right ventricular = 3.7-fold) compared with sham-operated controls. Controls treated with the probe at 37 degrees C (n = 4) showed no increases in HSP72. CONCLUSIONS Local heating of the heart is associated with elevated levels of HSP72 and improved myocardial salvage. The increase in expression of HSP72 is not limited to the heated region, but extends into nonheated regions of the heart as well. This may lead to the development of new techniques that improve methods of myocardial revascularization and heart transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gowda
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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Smith ML, Yang CJ, Metzenberg RL, Glass NL. Escape from het-6 incompatibility in Neurospora crassa partial diploids involves preferential deletion within the ectopic segment. Genetics 1996; 144:523-31. [PMID: 8889517 PMCID: PMC1207547 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/144.2.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatible het-6OR/het-6PA partial diploids of Neurospora crassa were selected from a cross involving the translocation strain, T(IIL-->IIIR)AR18, and a normal sequence strain. About 25% of the partial diploids exhibited a marked increase in growth rate after 2 weeks, indicating that "escape" from het-6 incompatibility had occurred. Near isogenic tester strains with different alleles (het-6OR and het-6PA) were constructed and used to determine that 80 of 96 escape strains tested were het-6PA, retaining the het-6 allele found in the normal-sequence LGII position; 16 were het-6OR, retaining the allele in the translocated position. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in 45 escape strains were examined with probes made from cosmids that spanned the translocated region. Along with electrophoretic analysis of chromosomes from three escape strains, RFLPs showed that escape is associated with deletion of part of one or the other of the duplicated DNA segments. Deletions ranged in size from approximately 70 kbp up to putatively the entire 270-kbp translocated region but always included a 35-kbp region wherein we hypothesize het-6 is located. The deletion spectrum at het-6 thus resembles other cases where mitotic deletions occur such as of tumor suppressor genes and of the hprt gene (coding for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Smith
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Yang CJ, Horton JK, Cowan KH, Schneider E. Cross-resistance to camptothecin analogues in a mitoxantrone-resistant human breast carcinoma cell line is not due to DNA topoisomerase I alterations. Cancer Res 1995; 55:4004-9. [PMID: 7664272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described a mitoxantrone-resistant human breast carcinoma cell line, MCF7/MX, in which resistance was associated with a defect in the energy-dependent accumulation of mitoxantrone in the absence of P-glycoprotein overexpression (M. Nakagawa et al., Cancer Res. 52: 6175-6181, 1992). We now report that this cell line is highly cross-resistant to the camptothecin analogues topotecan (180-fold), 9-aminocamptothecin (120-fold), CPT-11 (56-fold), and SN38 (101-fold), but is only mildly cross-resistant to the parent compound camptothecin (3.2-fold) and 10,11-methylenedioxy-camptothecin (2.9-fold). Topotecan accumulation was decreased in MCF7/MX cells compared to parental MCF7/WT cells, and there was a corresponding reduction in topotecan-mediated stimulation of the enzyme/DNA complex formation in MCF7/MX cells compared to MCF7/WT cells. No overexpression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein was detected compared to parental MCF7/WT cells. Furthermore, both sensitive MCF7/WT and mitoxantrone-resistant MCF7/MX cells contain equal amounts of DNA topoisomerase I protein, and DNA relaxation activities were equal in both cell lines and inhibited to the same extent by topotecan and camptothecin. Thus, these results suggest a novel mechanism of resistance to topoisomerase I inhibitors in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Yang
- Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Yang CH, Chen KJ, Tseng HH, Yang CJ, Liu JD. Salmonella pericarditis and empyema: a case report. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1995; 56:199-204. [PMID: 8854443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 54-year-old female diabetic patient who had been under regular oral hypoglycemic agent control for 2 years was admitted because of having dyspnea and orthopnea for several days. Massive pericardial effusion and a moderate amount of bilateral pleural effusion were noted at the time of admission. Pericardiocentesis and thoracocentesis were performed; both cultures grew Salmonella typhimurium. Antibiotic therapy was started immediately, but pleural effusion persisted. After repeated thoracocentesis and pleural effusion drainage, the patient was discharged 51 days later with complete recovery. Pericarditis and empyema are rare complications of Salmonella infections. Coexistence is even more rare, and only three cases have been reported in the English literature. Therefore, this case is presented with a review of the previous literature followed by discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Taipei Municipal Jen-Ai Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Asimakis GK, Inners-McBride K, Conti VR, Yang CJ. Transient beta adrenergic stimulation can precondition the rat heart against postischaemic contractile dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 1994; 28:1726-34. [PMID: 7842468 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/28.11.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the abilities of exogenous noradrenaline, isoprenaline, and phenylephrine to precondition the isolated rat heart against ischaemic and reperfusion injury. METHODS The isovolumetric Langendorff rat heart model was used to determine postischaemic recovery of left ventricular function. The hearts were subjected to 30 min of normothermic global ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. Treated hearts were perfused with noradrenaline (10(-7) M), isoprenaline (10(-8) M), or phenylephrine (10(-6) M, 10(-5) M, and 10(-4) M) for 5 min followed by 5 min washout before the 30 min ischaemic period. RESULTS Control hearts recovered 47.6(SEM 4.3)% of baseline heart rate x developed pressure after 30 min reperfusion, whereas noradrenaline and isoprenaline treated hearts recovered 75.1(4.6) and 76.4(4.6)%, respectively (p < 0.001 v control). Left ventricular end diastolic pressures at the end of reperfusion were 48.8(4.0), 20.0(2.4), and 21.6(2.7)mm Hg for control, noradrenaline treated (p < 0.001 v control), and isoprenaline treated (p < 0.001 v control) hearts respectively. beta Blockade with propranolol during noradrenaline treatment blocked the protective effects. No concentration of phenylephrine used was able to enhance postischaemic heart rate x developed pressure significantly, or result in improved (lower) postischaemic left ventricular end diastolic pressure. During treatment with noradrenaline and phenylephrine (10(-5) M), lactate release was 13.0(1.0) and 11.0(0.9) mumol.5 min-1, respectively (p = NS); these values were significantly (p < 0.001) greater than baseline value of 3.7(0.5) mumol.5 min-1. Immediately before the 30 min ischaemic period, control and phenylephrine treated groups had glycogen levels of 132(14) and 128(5) nmol.mg-1 protein, respectively (p = NS), whereas the glycogen content of the noradrenaline treated group was only 96(5) nmol.mg-1 protein (p < 0.05 v control and phenylephrine treated). CONCLUSIONS Transient beta adrenergic but not alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation can precondition the isolated perfused rat heart. The mechanism of protection may, at least in part, be due to transient demand ischaemia. Partial depletion of glycogen following treatment may play a role in the observed protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Asimakis
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0528
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Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning has not been investigated in a clinically relevant model of hypothermic multidose cardioplegia arrest. Using isolated rabbit hearts perfused on a Langendorff apparatus, ischemic preconditioning was investigated as an adjunct to crystalloid cardioplegia during a 2.5-hour ischemic period at 15 degrees C. After baseline functional data were obtained, ischemic preconditioning was induced with either 1 minute or 5 minutes of normothermic ischemia, followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion before the arrest period. Control hearts underwent no ischemic preconditioning. The control hearts exhibited a decrement in both the peak developed pressure and diastolic function, as measured by the slope of the diastolic pressure-volume relationship, of from 107 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 7 mm Hg (p < 0.005) and from 0.99 +/- 0.2 to 2.95 +/- 0.44 mm Hg/0.1 mL (p < 0.005), respectively. Hearts exposed to either 1 or 5 minutes of normothermic ischemia showed no significant change in the slope of the diastolic pressure-volume relationship. Hearts exposed to 1 or 5 minutes of normothermic ischemia also had a significant decrease in the peak developed pressure of from 107 +/- 6 to 92 +/- 2 mm Hg and from 102 +/- 3 to 85 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively (p < 0.05). However, ischemic preconditioning brought about a significant improvement in the postischemic peak developed pressure, as opposed to that seen for the control hearts (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase washout was significantly higher in the control hearts only. High-energy phosphate levels, lactate levels, the percentage wet weight, and tissue creatine phosphate levels were not significantly different among the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Illes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550-0528
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Chiang CE, Chen SA, Wu TJ, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Incidence, significance, and pharmacological responses of catheter-induced mechanical trauma in patients receiving radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation 1994; 90:1847-54. [PMID: 7923671 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.90.4.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter-induced mechanical trauma is unfavorable during electrophysiological study. However, its incidence, significance, and pharmacological responses in patients receiving radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia have not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective study was performed in 666 consecutive patients with documented, symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. All had been referred for electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ablation. Catheter-induced mechanical trauma was defined by either disappearance of or change in preexcitation pattern induced by the electrode catheters or noninducibility of tachycardia after the electrode catheter-induced termination of tachycardia, confirmed by electrophysiological study. Adenosine, isoproterenol, and atropine were serially administered 1 hour after the mechanical trauma to study pharmacological response. "Rescue" radiofrequency ablation was defined as delivery of radiofrequency energy just at the presumed ablation site immediately after the mechanical trauma. Of the 666 patients, 254 had atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia, 367 patients had accessory pathways, 30 patients had atrial tachycardia, and 15 had atrial flutter. Catheter-induced mechanical trauma occurred in 17 patients (2.6%): 4 patients had AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, 9 had accessory pathways, and 4 had atrial tachycardia. Five patients had such episodes during the placement of electrode catheters and 12, during mapping and ablation procedures. Of the 4 patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, 3 had mechanical trauma on the retrograde fast pathway and 1, on the antegrade slow pathway. In the 9 patients with accessory pathways, those pathways were located in the left free wall in 4 patients, right free wall in 1, right posteroseptum in 1, and right anteroseptum in 3. Atrial tachycardia was more easily traumatized than AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (P < .01) and than accessory pathways (P < .01). The clinical courses of mechanical trauma were variable: 1 patient had spontaneous recovery within 1 week, 5 patients had recurrence of tachycardia within 3 months, and the rest have been free of tachycardia from 3 to 35 months. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with mechanical trauma than in those without (33.3% versus 3.5%, P < .0001) despite rescue radiofrequency ablation given in 7 patients. Pharmacological agents were generally unable to revive the traumatized tissues, and recurrence was unpredictable. CONCLUSIONS Catheter-induced mechanical trauma was not common in patients receiving radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Their clinical courses were variable, and pharmacological manipulation offered little assistance. More than half of the patients had long-term cures. However, the recurrence rate was, on the whole, significantly high despite rescue radiofrequency ablation. There is a need for great caution in the placement of electrode catheters in every patient during electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Chiang
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wu TJ, Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of sustained intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1994; 5:790-4. [PMID: 7827719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been limited experience with radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with dextrocardia. This report describes a 37-year-old man who had secundum type atrial septal defect, mirror-image dextrocardia, and drug-refractory atrial tachycardia, in whom catheter-mediated radiofrequency energy successfully eliminated the tachycardia without complication. METHODS AND RESULTS On electrophysiologic study, the atrial tachycardia could be induced and terminated by atrial extrastimulation or rapid atrial pacing. Mixed resetting response pattern and manifest entrainment were also demonstrated. These findings suggested that the mechanism of atrial tachycardia might be related to reentry with an excitable gap. Because of the mirror-image dextrocardia, biplane fluoroscopy was adjusted to the right anterior oblique (RAO) 60 degrees and left anterior oblique (LAO) 30 degrees positions. Inducibility of the tachycardia was completely abolished after the sixth application of radiofrequency current (30 W). It was noted that the successful electrogram preceded the onset of P wave during atrial tachycardia by about 40 msec. CONCLUSION This report presents another case in which radiofrequency catheter ablation was used in a patient with dextrocardia. Atrial tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease may be difficult to control pharmacologically; however, the use of radiofrequency catheter ablation could be recommended as an alternative to medication and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wu TJ, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Sustained atrial tachycardia in adult patients. Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological response, possible mechanisms, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation 1994; 90:1262-78. [PMID: 8087935 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.90.3.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms and electropharmacological characteristics in adult patients with atrial tachycardia (AT) are not well described. We proposed that a combination of electropharmacological characteristics, recording of monophasic action potential, and effects of radiofrequency ablation could further determine the mechanisms and achieve a new classification in adults with various types of AT because they were important in regard to the correlation between mechanisms and pathophysiology, clinical syndrome, and responses to specific pharmacological or nonpharmacological therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six patients (11 female, 25 male; mean age, 57 +/- 13 years) with AT were referred for electropharmacological studies and radiofrequency ablation. Resetting response pattern, entrainment phenomenon, recording of monophasic action potential, serial drug test, response to Valsalva maneuver, endocardial mapping technique, and radiofrequency ablation were performed. Seven patients had automatic AT provocable with isoproterenol; neither initiation nor termination was related to programmed electrical stimulation. The other 29 patients had AT initiated or terminated by electrical stimulation and mechanisms related to triggered activity or reentry; nine of them needed isoproterenol to facilitate initiation of AT, associated with delayed afterdepolarization in monophasic action potential. All responded to adenosine (15 to 60 micrograms/kg) and Valsalva maneuver. Dipyridamole terminated AT and decreased the slope of afterdepolarization. Afterdepolarization was not found in the patients with automatic or reentrant AT. In 40 of 41 (98%), AT was ablated successfully, with late recurrence in 2 of 40 (5%) (follow-up, 18 +/- 4 months). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the diverse mechanisms and electropharmacological characteristics of AT in adults. Furthermore, radiofrequency ablation of various types of AT could achieve high success and low recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chen
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wu TJ, Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Atrial pacing-induced reverse alternating Wenckebach periods. A common electrophysiologic phenomenon in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. Jpn Heart J 1994; 35:431-42. [PMID: 7967048 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.35.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Reverse alternating Wenckebach periods (RAWP) have rarely been described, and the significance of dual AV nodal pathways in atrial pacing-induced RAWP is unknown. Forty-five of 50 consecutive patients (M/F = 23/27, mean age 40 +/- 5 years) with common type AV nodal reentrant tachycardia had discontinuous antegrade conduction curves. Atrial pacing revealed that pattern A RAWP (23 patients) had the fourth paced beat conducted over the fast pathway, and pattern B (18 patients) over the slow pathway. Four patients had both pattern A and B RAWP during different pacing cycle lengths. All episodes of atrial pacing-induced RAWP emerged from (or started as) 3:2 AH block, which thereafter were followed by runs of 2:1 AH block. Comparisons between patterns A and B showed (1) maximal atrial pacing cycle length with RAWP was longer in pattern A; (2) A2H2-A1H1 and A4H4-A1H1 were significantly greater in pattern B; (3) A2H2-A4H4 and H2A4/A2H2 were significantly greater in pattern A. It is concluded that atrial pacing-induced RAWP is a common electrophysiologic phenomenon in patients with dual AV nodal pathways. Furthermore, intermittent slow pathway conduction associated with different AnHn and HnAn+2 parameters helped the interpretation of different conduction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wu
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Kang J, Hong JH, Hwang DW, Jeong JI, Choi SD, Yang CJ, Lee YP, Olson CG, Kang K, Min BI. Hybridization and correlation effects in the photoemission spectra of RNi2 (R=Ce, Pr, and Nd). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:16248-16255. [PMID: 10010771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Chen SA, Cheng CC, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Wu TJ, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Radiofrequency ablation in a patient with tachycardia incorporating triple free wall accessory pathways and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Am Heart J 1994; 127:1656-61. [PMID: 8198007 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(94)90410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wu TJ, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Accessory pathway and atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia in elderly patients: clinical features, electrophysiologic characteristics and results of radiofrequency ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:702-8. [PMID: 8113555 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the clinical features, electrophysiologic characteristics and results of radiofrequency ablation in elderly patients with accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathways or AV node reentrant tachycardia. BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation in elderly patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia has not been well described, and comparative study between elderly and younger patients is limited. METHODS Electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency ablation were performed in 92 elderly patients (45 with an accessory pathway, 47 with AV node reentrant tachycardia). RESULTS The elderly patients had poorer electrophysiologic properties in accessory pathways and dual AV node pathways than those of younger patients. The success rate of radiofrequency ablation was similar in elderly and younger patients. However, elderly patients had more complications (14%) in left-sided accessory pathways. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency ablation in elderly patients with supraventricular tachycardia was effective. However, it must be performed cautiously in those patients with left-sided accessory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu TJ, Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Clinical features and electrophysiologic characteristics of accessory atrioventricular pathways and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: comparative study between young and elderly patients. Am Heart J 1993; 126:1341-8. [PMID: 8249791 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(93)90532-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Information focused on elderly patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and a comparative study between the elderly and younger patients was limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and electrophysiologic characteristics in elderly patients (> or = 65 years of age) with accessory atrioventricular pathway-mediated tachyarrhythmia or atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Electrophysiologic studies of 45 elderly patients with accessory pathway-mediated tachyarrhythmia and 47 elderly patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia were performed. When compared with younger patients, the elderly patients had a similar incidence of critical clinical manifestation, higher incidence of other cardiac disease or systemic disease, similar inducibility of tachycardia, greater baseline electrophysiologic parameters (sinus node, atrioventricular node, atrium and ventricle), and poorer properties of accessory pathways and dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. These results suggest that conduction properties of accessory pathways and dual atrioventricular nodal pathways were poorer in elderly patients, but similar critical manifestations and tachycardia events were found in elderly and younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kang J, Yang CJ, Lee YP, Olson CG, Cho E, Oh S, Anderson RO, Liu LZ, Park J, Allen JW, Ellis WP. Photoemission study of SmCo2. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:10327-10334. [PMID: 10007311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Min BI, Kang J, Hong JH, Jeong JI, Lee YP, Choi SD, Lee WY, Yang CJ, Olson CG. Electronic and magnetic structures of the rare-earth permanent magnet Nd2Fe14B. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:6217-6224. [PMID: 10009165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.6217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wu TJ, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Usefulness of serial follow-up electrophysiologic studies in predicting late outcome of radiofrequency ablation for accessory pathways and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Am Heart J 1993; 126:619-25. [PMID: 8362717 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(93)90412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 408 patients received radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and 326 patients underwent serial follow-up electrophysiologic studies (early and late) after initially successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways (group 1, 186 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) and slow atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways (group 2, 140 patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia). Among the patients in group 1, early (4 +/- 1 days) and late (129 +/- 14 days) studies found recurrent conduction through the accessory pathways in 12 and 16 patients, respectively. During a follow-up period of 21 +/- 7 months, recurrence of accessory pathway-mediated tachyarrhythmias was noted in six patients. Of these six patients, all had tachycardia inducible in the late study but not in the early study. Among the patients in group 2, four had recurrence of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia during a follow-up of 16 +/- 6 months. Of the four patients, one had tachycardia inducible in the early (4 +/- 1 days) study and three in the late (130 +/- 12 days) study. The results demonstrated that the early study was not as sensitive as the late follow-up electrophysiologic study in predicting late outcome of radiofrequency ablation, but both the early and late studies had a high total predictive accuracy (> 90%) in groups 1 and 2. Furthermore, only 4 of the 326 patients had initial evidence of recurrent tachycardia activated by programmed electrical stimuli during follow-up studies, suggesting that follow-up electrophysiologic studies in asymptomatic patients are not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wu TJ, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of sustained intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia in adult patients. Identification of electrophysiological characteristics and endocardial mapping techniques. Circulation 1993; 88:578-87. [PMID: 8339421 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.88.2.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about electrophysiological characteristics and radiofrequency ablation of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia has not been reported before. We proposed that induction and termination of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia by atrial extrastimuli or rapid atrial pacing and resetting the response pattern by atrial extrastimuli during intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia could ensure the mechanism of reentry and that the earliest site of endocardial activation and concealed entrainment pace mapping with the shortest stimulus-P wave interval could localize a critical area responsible for intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia and radiofrequency ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven patients with refractory atrial tachycardia were referred for electrophysiological studies and radiofrequency ablation. Electrophysiological studies and endocardial mapping found (1) 10 atrial foci with atrial tachycardia cycle length of 406 +/- 41 ms; (2) atrial tachycardia had induction and termination by atrial extrastimuli (8 of 10) or rapid atrial pacing (10 of 10); (3) atrial tachycardia had increasing (6 of 10) or mixed (flat and increasing, 4 of 10) resetting response pattern, with resetting interval of 57 +/- 13 ms (14 +/- 4% of atrial tachycardia cycle length); (4) exit sites of atrial tachycardia in right atrial free wall (6 of 10), right atrial septum (3 of 10), and midposterior left atrium (1 of 10); and (5) earliest activation site had timing relative to P wave by -37 +/- 7 ms, and concealed entrainment pace mapping had shortest stimulus-P interval 23 +/- 3 ms. By the endocardial activation pace-mapping technique, radiofrequency energy (8 +/- 1 pulses, 31 +/- 3 W, 101 +/- 11 seconds) successfully eliminated the 10 atrial foci without recurrence (follow-up, 16 +/- 5 months). CONCLUSIONS Mechanism of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia could be confirmed by the electrophysiological characteristics, and radiofrequency ablation energy delivered to a critical area in the atrial reentrant circuit is safe and effective for the treatment of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chen
- Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Chen SA, Chiang CE, Chiou CW, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Serial electrophysiological studies in the late outcome of radiofrequency ablation for accessory atrioventricular pathway-mediated tachyarrhythmias. Eur Heart J 1993; 14:734-43. [PMID: 8325298 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/14.6.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of radiofrequency ablation for accessory pathway-mediated tachyarrhythmias is evaluated by a variety of methods in different institutes. However, the predictive values of these methods are not known. Therefore, serial electrocardiograms (12-lead, 24-h Holter monitoring), reviews of symptoms, and electrophysiological studies (immediate, early, late) were used in this institute to evaluate and predict late outcome in 150 patients with 174 accessory pathways. Late electrophysiological study (130 +/- 11 days after ablation) detected a larger proportion of patients (11.1%) with late ablation failure than immediate (1.3%), or early (7.0%) electrophysiological study, or serial electrocardiograms (1.4%), or reviews of symptoms (1.4%); it showed that patients with concealed accessory pathways (11.4%), energy delivered to the ventricular sites of left concealed accessory pathways (23.3%), and those without a recordable accessory pathway activation potential (14.8%) had a higher incidence of recurrent conduction, and also provided the most accurate information for predicting late outcome with higher sensitivity (100%) and predictive accuracy (100%) than other tests. It is concluded that the value of serial electrocardiograms, symptom review, immediate and early electrophysiological studies should be downgraded, and that the late electrophysiological study has a high predictive value for late outcome and helps understanding of the residual changes in accessory pathways after initially successful ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
Complete electrophysiologic study and radiofrequency ablation were performed in 145 consecutive patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Presence of multiple accessory atrioventricular pathways was documented in 20 patients (13.8%); 17 had two, two had three, and one had four accessory pathways. Location of accessory pathways was posteroseptal in 18, left free wall in 15, right free wall in nine, and right midseptal in two. Of the 44 pathways, 36 were found during baseline electrophysiologic study and eight were found after successful ablation of the initially attempted pathways. After delivery 20 +/- 23 pulses (per patient) of radiofrequency energy (37 +/- 6 W, 70 +/- 30 seconds), 43 accessory pathways were ablated successfully without complications. Duration of the procedure (4.5 +/- 1.7 vs 3.7 +/- 1.6 hours, p < 0.05) and radiation exposure time (53 +/- 30 vs 38 +/- 18 minutes, p < 0.05) were longer in patients with multiple pathways, whereas the success rate (95% vs 95%, p > 0.05) and incidence of recurrent conduction (11% vs 11%, p > 0.05) were similar in patients with single or multiple accessory pathways. These findings confirmed that multiple accessory pathways were common in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and these pathways could be ablated successfully by radiofrequency energy with a success rate comparable to that of a single accessory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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