1
|
Fu CP, Yu MJ, Huang YS, Fuh CS, Chang RF. Stratifying High-Risk Thyroid Nodules Using a Novel Deep Learning System. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:508-514. [PMID: 37604165 DOI: 10.1055/a-2122-5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current ultrasound scan classification system for thyroid nodules is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and subjective. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been shown to increase the accuracy of predicting the malignancy rate of thyroid nodules. This study aims to demonstrate the state-of-the-art Swin Transformer to classify thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrasound images were collected prospectively from patients who received fine needle aspiration biopsy for thyroid nodules from January 2016 to June 2021. One hundred thirty-nine patients with malignant thyroid nodules were enrolled, while 235 patients with benign nodules served as controls. Images were fed to Swin-T and ResNeSt50 models to classify the thyroid nodules. RESULTS Patients with malignant nodules were younger and more likely male compared to those with benign nodules. The average sensitivity and specificity of Swin-T were 82.46% and 84.29%, respectively. The average sensitivity and specificity of ResNeSt50 were 72.51% and 77.14%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the area under the curve of Swin-T was higher (AUC=0.91) than that of ResNeSt50 (AUC=0.82). The McNemar test evaluating the performance of these models showed that Swin-T had significantly better performance than ResNeSt50.Swin-T classifier can be a useful tool in helping shared decision-making between physicians and patients with thyroid nodules, particularly in those with high-risk characteristics of sonographic patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Po Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Sian Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Feng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yeh KL, Wu TY, Fuh CS, Chen CS, Hou SM, Chiang CH, Liaw CK. Degree of Pelvic Rotation in the Coronal Plane on Postoperative Radiographs Obtained after Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216353. [PMID: 36362581 PMCID: PMC9656062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many published cup anteversion measurements for postoperative total hip arthroplasty (THA), including Liaw’s, Lewinnek’s, and Murray’s methods. However, most measurements ignore the potential pelvic rotation on radiographs except in Liaw’s method. Without considering pelvic rotation, clinicians can miscalculate cup anteversion. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the mean degree of pelvic rotation. Herein, we collected 388 radiographs of 98 postoperative THA hips of 77 patients and measured pelvic rotation by measuring h, the horizontal displacement of the sacrococcygeal junction associated with the upper pole of the symphysis pubis, and ssd, the distance between the sacrococcygeal junction and pubic symphysis. The angle θ of pelvic rotation was defined as θ = arc sin (h/ssd) × (180°/π). The mean degree of pelvic rotation was then calculated. The standard deviation of h was 7.84 mm, and the mean ssd was 158 mm. The potential pelvic rotation was 2.50°. The p-values from the paired t-test were all >0.05 when interobserver and intraobserver errors were assessed. This is the first study to quantify the potential pelvic rotation in the coronal plane on postoperative plain radiographs. The potential pelvic rotation was too large to be neglected during the measurement of cup anteversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Lin Yeh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
- Department of Long-Term Care and Management, Wu Feng University, Chiayi County 621303, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yin Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City 103, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
- General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Song Chen
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mou Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 111, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Chiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kun Liaw
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 113, Taiwan
- TMU Biodesign Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-938308072
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yeh KL, Wu SH, Fuh CS, Huang YH, Chen CS, Wu SS. Cauda equina syndrome caused by the application of DuraSeal TM in a microlaminectomy surgery: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11178-11184. [PMID: 36338214 PMCID: PMC9631147 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.11178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of dural tears is important. While a massive dura can be repaired with absorbable suture lines, cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attenuated by dural sealant when an unintended tiny durotomy occurs intraoperatively. DuraSeal is often used because it can expand to seal tears. This case emphasizes the need for caution when DuraSeal is used as high expansion can cause complications following microlaminectomy.
CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old woman presented with L2/3 and L3/4 lateral recess stenosis. She underwent microlaminectomy, foraminal decompression, and disk height restoration using an IntraSPINE® device. A tiny incident durotomy occurred intraoperatively and was sealed using DuraSealTM. However, decreased muscle power, urinary incontinence, and absence of anal reflexes were observed postoperatively. Emergent magnetic resonance imaging revealed fluid collection causing thecal sac indentation and central canal compression. Surgical exploration revealed that the gel-like DuraSeal had entrapped the hematoma and, consequently, compressed the thecal sac and nerve roots. While we removed all DuraSealTM and exposed the nerve root, the patient’s neurological function did not recover postoperatively.
CONCLUSION DuraSeal expansion must not be underestimated. Changes in neurological status require investigation for cauda equina syndrome due to expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Lin Yeh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City 600, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Long-Term Care and Management, WuFeng University, Chiayi County 621303, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City 600, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Song Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Sheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shin Kong Wu-Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taiepi 111, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu TY, Liao YC, Fuh CS, Weng PW, Wang JY, Chen CY, Huang YM, Chen CP, Chu YL, Chen CK, Yeh KL, Yu CH, Wu HK, Lin WP, Liou TH, Wu MS, Liaw CK. An improvement of current hypercube pooling PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Front Public Health 2022; 10:994712. [PMID: 36339215 PMCID: PMC9627488 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic can be effectively controlled by rapid and accurate identification of SARS-CoV-2-infected cases through large-scale screening. Hypercube pooling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is frequently used as a pooling technique because of its high speed and efficiency. We attempted to implement the hypercube pooling strategy and found it had a large quantization effect. This raised two questions: is hypercube pooling with edge = 3 actually the optimal strategy? If not, what is the best edge and dimension? We used a C++ program to calculate the expected number of PCR tests per patient for different values of prevalence, edge, and dimension. The results showed that every edge had a best performance range. Then, using C++ again, we created a program to calculate the optimal edge and dimension required for pooling samples when entering prevalence into our program. Our program will be provided as freeware in the hope that it can help governments fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yin Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ciao Liao
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Lun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Lin Yeh
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan,Department of Long-Term Care and Management, WuFeng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Peng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Postal Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kun Liaw
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,TMU Biodesign Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Chen-Kun Liaw ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen CK, Wu TY, Liao YC, Fuh CS, Chen KH, Weng PW, Wang JY, Chen CY, Huang YM, Chen CP, Chu YL, Yeh KL, Yu CH, Wu HK, Lin WP, Liou TH, Wu MS, Liaw CK. Mathematical model of distal radius orientation. Front Surg 2022; 9:1000404. [PMID: 36311919 PMCID: PMC9614030 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal radius orientation is important in evaluating Colles' fracture. In most cases, the wrist was protected by a bandage, splint, or cast. Therefore, it was difficult for the radiology technician to take perfect anteroposterior and lateral view radiographs. In this study, we build a mathematical model and calculate the pronation angle needed to produce dorsal tilt, which is a volar tilt in a perfect lateral view radiograph. The formulas are all incorporated into Excel to facilitate usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yin Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ciao Liao
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering; Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering; Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Lun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Lin Yeh
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan,Department of Long-Term Care and Management, WuFeng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Peng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Postal Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kun Liaw
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering; Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,TMU Biodesign Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Correspondence: Chen-Kun Liaw ;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hung JY, Chen KW, Perera C, Chiu HK, Hsu CR, Myung D, Luo AC, Fuh CS, Liao SL, Kossler AL. An Outperforming Artificial Intelligence Model to Identify Referable Blepharoptosis for General Practitioners. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020283. [PMID: 35207771 PMCID: PMC8877622 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop an AI model that accurately identifies referable blepharoptosis automatically and to compare the AI model’s performance to a group of non-ophthalmic physicians. In total, 1000 retrospective single-eye images from tertiary oculoplastic clinics were labeled by three oculoplastic surgeons as having either ptosis, including true and pseudoptosis, or a healthy eyelid. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained for binary classification. The same dataset was used in testing three non-ophthalmic physicians. The CNN model achieved a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 88%, compared with the non-ophthalmic physician group, which achieved a mean sensitivity of 72% and a mean specificity of 82.67%. The AI model showed better performance than the non-ophthalmic physician group in identifying referable blepharoptosis, including true and pseudoptosis, correctly. Therefore, artificial intelligence-aided tools have the potential to assist in the diagnosis and referral of blepharoptosis for general practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yi Hung
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; (J.-Y.H.); (K.-W.C.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Ke-Wei Chen
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; (J.-Y.H.); (K.-W.C.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chandrashan Perera
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; (J.-Y.H.); (K.-W.C.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Hsu-Kuang Chiu
- Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Cherng-Ru Hsu
- Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - David Myung
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; (J.-Y.H.); (K.-W.C.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
| | - An-Chun Luo
- Department of Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan;
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Lang Liao
- Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.L.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Andrea Lora Kossler
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; (J.-Y.H.); (K.-W.C.); (C.P.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.-L.L.); (A.L.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hung JY, Perera C, Chen KW, Myung D, Chiu HK, Fuh CS, Hsu CR, Liao SL, Kossler AL. A deep learning approach to identify blepharoptosis by convolutional neural networks. Int J Med Inform 2021; 148:104402. [PMID: 33609928 PMCID: PMC8191181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blepharoptosis is a known cause of reversible vision loss. Accurate assessment can be difficult, especially amongst non-specialists. Existing automated techniques disrupt clinical workflow by requiring user input, or placement of reference markers. Neural networks are known to be effective in image classification tasks. We aim to develop an algorithm that can accurately identify blepharoptosis from a clinical photo. METHODS A total of 500 clinical photographs from patients with and without blepharoptosis were sourced from a tertiary ophthalmic center in Taiwan. Images were labeled by two oculoplastic surgeons, with an independent third oculoplastic surgeon to adjudicate disagreements. These images were used to train a series of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to ascertain the best CNN architecture for this particular task. RESULTS Of the models that trained on the dataset, most were able to identify ptosis images with reasonable accuracy. We found the best performing model to use the DenseNet121 architecture without pre-training which achieved a sensitivity of 90.1 % with a specificity of 82.4 %, compared to the worst performing model which was used a Resnet34 architecture with pre-training, achieving a sensitivity of 74.1 %, and specificity of 63.6 %. Models with and without pre-training performed similarly (mean accuracy 82.6 % vs. 85.8 % respectively, p = 0.06), though models with pre-training took less time to train (1-minute vs. 16 min, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We report the use of AI to accurately diagnose blepharoptosis from a clinical photograph with no external reference markers or user input requirement. Most current-generation CNN architectures performed reasonably on this task, with the DenseNet121, and Resnet18 architectures without pre-training performing best in our dataset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yi Hung
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States; Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chandrashan Perera
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Ke-Wei Chen
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States; Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - David Myung
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Hsu-Kuang Chiu
- Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Ru Hsu
- Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lang Liao
- Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Andrea Lora Kossler
- Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hung JY, Wei YH, Huang CH, Chen LW, Fuh CS, Liao SL. Survival outcomes of eye-sparing surgery for adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2019; 63:344-351. [PMID: 31134459 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-019-00671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To survey adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal glands in Asian population and investigate the predictability in prognosis following the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging guideline. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS The clinical entities and surgical outcomes of the patients who were histologically confirmed with a diagnosis of lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma in National Taiwan University Hospital between January 1995 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Enrolled were 11 patients. The median follow-up was 7.2 years. Eight patients (72.7%) were diagnosed as T1 or T2 disease, and three patients (27.3%) were diagnosed as T3 or T4 disease according to the AJCC 8th edition guideline. Eye-sparing surgery with radiotherapy was performed in nine patients. Local recurrence was noted in six patients (54.5%) with median disease-free interval of 23.5 months. Six patients (54.5%) developed distant metastases, including lung, bone, and cranial invasions. Overall survival rate during the study period was 54.6%. Five-year overall survival was 81.8% and ten-year overall survival was 68.2%. The Log-rank test for overall survival and disease-free survival between patients with less than T3 disease (p=0.001) and patients with T3 or T4 disease (p=0.006) revealed significant differences. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the aggressive nature of adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal glands. Eye-sparing surgery with adjunctive radiotherapy may achieve relatively optimal disease control in diseases staged T1 or T2, but in advanced disease metastasis and mortality are usually inevitable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yi Hung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zongzheng Dist., Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zongzheng Dist., Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lily-Wei Chen
- College of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA.,University of Massachusetts, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lang Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zongzheng Dist., Taipei City, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liaw CK, Wu TY, Hou SM, Yang RS, Fuh CS. How to evaluate three dimensional angle error from plain radiographs. J Arthroplasty 2013; 28:1788-90. [PMID: 23850409 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating three-dimensional angle error is necessary because we cannot get every patient's CT or MRI at all times. Creating a method that can calculate angle error from plain radiographs is therefore important. Using vector and trigonometric mathematics, we gradually deduct our formula which can calculate angle error from goal angles (the angles we plan to achieve before operation) to result angles (the angles we get after operation) by two perpendicular radiographs. We also encode it into Micorsoft Excel (Redmond Campus, Redmond, Washington, U.S.) so that it becomes more user-friendly. We hope this tool can be used when evaluating TKR, corrective osteotomy, fracture fixation, and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kun Liaw
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital and Health System, Taipei city 11101, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei city 10002, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Information and Management, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, TaoYuan city 33348, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei city 24205, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin CC, Lee CH, Fuh CS, Juan HF, Huang HC. Link clustering reveals structural characteristics and biological contexts in signed molecular networks. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67089. [PMID: 23826198 PMCID: PMC3691148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biological networks are signed molecular networks which consist of positive and negative links. To reveal the distinct features between links with different signs, we proposed signed link-clustering coefficients that assess the similarity of inter-action profiles between linked molecules. We found that positive links tended to cluster together, while negative links usually behaved like bridges between positive clusters. Positive links with higher adhesiveness tended to share protein domains, be associated with protein-protein interactions and make intra-connections within protein complexes. Negative links that were more bridge-like tended to make interconnections between protein complexes. Utilizing the proposed measures to group positive links, we observed hierarchical modules that could be well characterized by functional annotations or known protein complexes. Our results imply that the proposed sign-specific measures can help reveal the network structural characteristics and the embedded biological contexts of signed links, as well as the functional organization of signed molecular networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HFJ); (HCH)
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HFJ); (HCH)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liaw CK, Wu TY, Hou SM, Yang RS, Shih KS, Fuh CS. Computerized ellipse method for measuring acetabular version after total hip replacement--a precision study using synthetic and real radiographs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:195-200. [PMID: 23528151 DOI: 10.3109/10929088.2013.779749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work by our group to address the problem of acetabular positioning based on 2D methods resulted in the development of a measurement method with better precision--Liaw's version. This method may help the early diagnosis of acetabular loosening. In the present study, we hypothesized that our computerized ellipse method could improve the precision of measuring acetabular version. METHODS We developed our Elliversion software to measure acetabular version. Using total hip replacement (THR) Simulator, 96 radiographs were synthesized with random femoral inclination and 5° to 52° version, half with the femoral head included and half without. These synthetic radiographs and 28 real radiographs were measured with both Elliversion and the trigonometric method twice by one of the authors with a one-week interval between measurements. We then calculated the difference in the repeated measurements. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis of the measuring error and inter-measurement difference. RESULTS In the precision study, for synthetic radiographs including the femoral head, the ellipse method was significantly better than the trigonometric method (p < 0.01). For synthetic radiographs without the femoral head, there was no significant difference between the ellipse method and the trigonometric method (p = 0.19). As for the repeated measurements, for synthetic radiographs including the femoral head, the ellipse method was significantly better than the trigonometric method (p = 0.001), whereas for synthetic radiographs without the femoral head, there was no significant difference between the two methods (p = 0.17). For real radiographs, there was no significant difference between the two measuring methods (p = 0.12). However, if we excluded the four poor-quality radiographs, there was a significant difference between the two measuring methods (p = 0.04). DISCUSSION We developed a computerized ellipse method for measuring acetabular version on synthetic radiographs and good-quality real radiographs. This method is characterized by its superior precision as compared to the trigonometric method. With the 2D standardized method (Liaw's version), improving the precision of measurement will help earlier diagnosis of acetabular loosening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kun Liaw
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital and Health System , Taipei , Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kao SL, Fuh CS. Near Point Light Sources for Shape from Shading. INT J PATTERN RECOGN 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s021800149800052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a linear algorithm3,4 is proposed to recover shape information from multiple images, each of them is taken under the environment that all of the object surfaces are illuminated by a known near point light source. In this method, an approximate range of the distance for the objects to the viewer (e.g. camera) is previously defined. Using this predefined value, the absolute depth map of the objects can be found out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Liang Kao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
In solving complex visual learning tasks, adopting multiple descriptors to more precisely characterize the data has been a feasible way for improving performance. The resulting data representations are typically high-dimensional and assume diverse forms. Hence, finding a way of transforming them into a unified space of lower dimension generally facilitates the underlying tasks such as object recognition or clustering. To this end, the proposed approach (termed MKL-DR) generalizes the framework of multiple kernel learning for dimensionality reduction, and distinguishes itself with the following three main contributions: first, our method provides the convenience of using diverse image descriptors to describe useful characteristics of various aspects about the underlying data. Second, it extends a broad set of existing dimensionality reduction techniques to consider multiple kernel learning, and consequently improves their effectiveness. Third, by focusing on the techniques pertaining to dimensionality reduction, the formulation introduces a new class of applications with the multiple kernel learning framework to address not only the supervised learning problems but also the unsupervised and semi-supervised ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen CY, Chen ST, Fuh CS, Juan HF, Huang HC. Coregulation of transcription factors and microRNAs in human transcriptional regulatory network. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12 Suppl 1:S41. [PMID: 21342573 PMCID: PMC3044298 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-s1-s41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs and transcription factors are primary metazoan gene regulators; however, the crosstalk between them still remains unclear. METHODS We proposed a novel model utilizing functional annotation information to identify significant coregulation between transcriptional and post-transcriptional layers. Based on this model, function-enriched coregulation relationships were discovered and combined into different kinds of functional coregulation networks. RESULTS We found that miRNAs may engage in a wider diversity of biological processes by coordinating with transcription factors, and this kind of cross-layer coregulation may have higher specificity than intra-layer coregulation. In addition, the coregulation networks reveal several types of network motifs, including feed-forward loops and massive upstream crosstalk. Finally, the expression patterns of these coregulation pairs in normal and tumour tissues were analyzed. Different coregulation types show unique expression correlation trends. More importantly, the disruption of coregulation may be associated with cancers. CONCLUSION Our findings elucidate the combinatorial and cooperative properties of transcription factors and miRNAs regulation, and we proposes that the coordinated regulation may play an important role in many biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Health examinations play a key role in preventive medicine. We propose a health examination system named Health Examination Automatic Logic System (HEALS) to assist clinical workers in improving the total quality of health examinations. Quality of automated inference is confirmed by the zero inference error where during 6 months and 14,773 cases. Automated inference time is less than one second per case in contrast to 2 to 5 min for physicians. The most significant result of efficiency evaluation is that 3,494 of 4,356 (80.2%) cases take less than 3 min per case for producing a report summary. In the evaluation of effectiveness, novice physicians got 18% improvement in making decisions with the assistance of our system. We conclude that a health examination system with a clinical decision system can greatly reduce the mundane burden on clinical workers and markedly improve the quality and efficiency of health examination tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Liang Kuo
- Family Medicine Department, RenAi Branch, Taipei City Hospital, 10F, No. 10, Sec. 4, RenAi Road, Taipei City 106 Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liaw CK, Yang RS, Hou SM, Wu TY, Fuh CS. Measurement of the acetabular cup anteversion on simulated radiographs. J Arthroplasty 2009; 24:468-74. [PMID: 18534457 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2007.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Widmer (J Arthroplasty 2004;19:387) reported a protractor for measuring the anteversion of acetabular cups on radiographs but with limited precision. We intended to improve its precision by trigonometric mathematics. We measured the anteversion of the acetabular cups on 336 simulated radiographs using aforementioned 2 methods. The anteversion measured by Widmer's protractor ranged from 7 degrees to 41 degrees (mean +/- SD = 28.0 degrees +/- 9.8 degrees), and our methods, 5 degrees to 51 degrees (27.7 degrees +/- 13.2 degrees). The mean +/- SD of error by Widmer's protractor was 5.2 +/- 2.5 degrees, and our protractor, 0.8 degrees +/- 0.8 degrees (Student t test, P b .0001). The interobserver study showed the difference between measurements less than 2 degrees for each method. Therefore, the smaller error of our method than that of Widmer implicated a potentially precise measurement of the anteversion (level of evidence: diagnostic study, level II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kun Liaw
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu TY, Yang RS, Fuh CS, Hou SM, Liaw CK. THR Simulator--the software for generating radiographs of THR prosthesis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009; 10:8. [PMID: 19149874 PMCID: PMC2636752 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measuring the orientation of acetabular cup after total hip arthroplasty is important for prognosis. The verification of these measurement methods will be easier and more feasible if we can synthesize prosthesis radiographs in each simulated condition. One reported method used an expensive mechanical device with an indeterminable precision. We thus develop a program, THR Simulator, to directly synthesize digital radiographs of prostheses for further analysis. Under Windows platform and using Borland C++ Builder programming tool, we developed the THR Simulator. We first built a mathematical model of acetabulum and femoral head. The data of the real dimension of prosthesis was adopted to generate the radiograph of hip prosthesis. Then with the ray tracing algorithm, we calculated the thickness each X-ray beam passed, and then transformed to grey scale by mapping function which was derived by fitting the exponential function from the phantom image. Finally we could generate a simulated radiograph for further analysis. Results Using THR Simulator, the users can incorporate many parameters together for radiograph synthesis. These parameters include thickness, film size, tube distance, film distance, anteversion, abduction, upper wear, medial wear, and posterior wear. These parameters are adequate for any radiographic measurement research. This THR Simulator has been used in two studies, and the errors are within 2° for anteversion and 0.2 mm for wearing measurement. Conclusion We design a program, THR Simulator that can synthesize prosthesis radiographs. Such a program can be applied in future studies for further analysis and validation of measurement of various parameters of pelvis after total hip arthroplasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yin Wu
- Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Tapei City, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liaw CK, Yang RS, Hou SM, Wu TY, Fuh CS. A simplified guide ruler from numeric table method in doing rotational osteotomy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008; 9:87. [PMID: 18557999 PMCID: PMC2440753 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Čobeljić et al. recently reported a numeric table method to provide precise rotational osteotomy which is a well established orthopaedic procedure. The numeric table requires four pages in length that is rather inconvenient during performing an osteotomy operation. Methods We thus develop our own method by summarizing the data of the four-page table into a small ruler, which is easy to carry and use in operation room. An electrical version of this ruler is also available. We also build a computer model to verify Čobeljić et al. method. Results The error of Čobeljić et al. is between -37% to 16% (mean ± SD = -6% ± 9%). We verify our ruler by calculating the absolute difference between our method and that of Čobeljić et al. The difference is less than 0.1 mm. Conclusion Our ruler is convenient for practical use for the rotational osteotomy procedure with equal precision. Further clinical verification is needed to justify its real significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kun Liaw
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei city, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liaw CK, Yang RS, Hou SM, Wu TY, Fuh CS. A Simple Mathematical Standardized Measurement of Acetabulum Anteversion after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17486700701865265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We invented a standardization method to measure the cup's anteversion after total hip arthroplasty without the influence of patient's position. We measured 68 radiographs of 10 patients after total hip replacement (THR) and calculated the error of each measurement, defined as the difference with the average of the same measuring method on the same patient. We also calculated the repeatability standard deviation (RSD) of each method according to the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM E691.Mean absolute inter-examination angle error, defined as the average of the absolute deviations, was 0.75° for standardized anteversion (range 0.03–2.51°), as compared with those without standardization, 2.30° (range 0.04–13.04°). The inter-examination measurement reliability (precision), defined as one RSD, was 0.99° for standardized anteversion, as compared with those without standarization, 3.50°. There is no difference between patients four and five without (p = 0.097). There is a significant difference with standardization (p < 0.0001).Our study demonstrated that this mathematical method is a precise tool to measure the anteversion of the acetabular cup. We hope that it can be used widely in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kun Liaw
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mou Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yin Wu
- Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Shann Fuh
- Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Orientation of the hip cup is important in total hip arthroplasties. Orientation includes abduction (inclination) and anteversion. Anteversion can be considered as true (anatomic) and planar (radiographic) anteversion. Some measurement methods either are too complicated or are less precise. We developed a new protractor to measure cup orientation using postoperative anteroposterior radiographs centered at the hip. The new protractor measures true and planar anteversion and abduction easily and precisely. We verified its accuracy using a software simulator and simulated 45 radio- graphs of total hip arthroplasties with 15 different anteversions ranging from 15 degrees -29 degrees and 45 actual radiographs of total hip arthroplasties. We then measured the planar ante- version with our method and the method of Lewinnek et al. Maximal errors were 3 degrees and 2.61 degrees , respectively, and mean errors were 0.96 degrees and 1.2 degrees , respectively. The standard deviations were 0.74 degrees with our method and 0.57 degrees with the method of Lewinnek et al. For the real radiographs, the mean of absolute difference between the two methods was 1.34 degrees , and the standard deviation was 1.13 degrees . We found no difference between the two methods and no difference in our findings compared with those of Pradhan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kun Liaw
- En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei Hsien, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Block matching is a widely used method for stereo vision, visual tracking, and video compression. Many fast algorithms for block matching have been proposed in the past, but most of them do not guarantee that the match found is the globally optimal match in a search range. This paper presents a new fast algorithm based on the winner-update strategy which utilizes an ascending lower bound list of the matching error to determine the temporary winner. Two lower bound lists derived by using partial distance and by using Minkowski's inequality are described. The basic idea of the winner-update strategy is to avoid, at each search position, the costly computation of the matching error when there exists a lower bound larger than the global minimum matching error. The proposed algorithm can significantly speed up the computation of the block matching because: 1) computational cost of the lower bound we use is less than that of the matching error itself; 2) an element in the ascending lower bound list will be calculated only when its preceding element has already been smaller than the minimum matching error computed so far; 3) for many search positions, only the first several lower bounds in the list need to be calculated. Our experiments have shown that, when applying to motion vector estimation for several widely-used test videos, 92% to 98% of operations can be saved while still guaranteeing the global optimality. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be easily modified either to meet the limited time requirement or to provide an ordered list of best candidate matches. Our source codes of the proposed algorithm are available at http://smart.iis.sinica.edu.tw/html/winup.html.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chen
- Inst. of Inf. Sci., Acad. Sinica, Taipei
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fuh CS, Cho SW, Essig K. Hierarchical color image region segmentation for content-based image retrieval system. IEEE Trans Image Process 2000; 9:156-162. [PMID: 18255382 DOI: 10.1109/83.817608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a model of a content-based image retrieval system by using the new idea of combining a color segmentation with relationship trees and a corresponding tree-matching method. We retain the hierarchical relationship of the regions in an image during segmentation. Using the information of the relationships and features of the regions, we can represent the desired objects in images more accurately. In retrieval, we compare not only region features but also region relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Fuh
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen YS, Fuh CS. Displacement field estimation and image segmentation using block matching enhanced by a neural network. Spat Vis 1996; 10:31-50. [PMID: 8817770 DOI: 10.1163/156856896x00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The block-matching method plays an important role in displacement field estimation due to its simplicity, achievement of long-range motion, and robustness to noise. In this paper, a single-layer feedback neural network model is proposed that enhances block matching, estimates the displacement field, and simultaneously performs image segmentation from consecutive images. In this paper, image segmentation is defined as partitioning each image into a set of moving objects and the background. For any two consecutive images, a neural network is created that learns the connection relationship of the pixels in an object from the displacement field and stores the relationship in the network. A modified block matching is used to compute a more accurate displacement field by utilizing the segmentation information embedded in the neural network. The displacement vector at the edge of an object or occluding boundary is hard to estimate, but the proposed model performs satisfactorily because it learns and uses the connection information. Furthermore, a flood-fill algorithm is used to compute the dense displacement field more efficiently and correctly than the exhaustive search does. The most important aspect of this paper is that image segmentation is performed simultaneously with the displacement-field estimation by the neural-network model. The novel idea of the work is to embed the segmentation information (connection relations) in the neural network and to perform the displacement-field estimation and image segmentation simultaneously. Two methods for retrieving segmentation information from the neural network with any two consecutive images are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | | |
Collapse
|