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Vickery J, Atkinson P, Lin L, Rubin O, Upshur R, Yeoh EK, Boyer C, Errett NA. Challenges to evidence-informed decision-making in the context of pandemics: qualitative study of COVID-19 policy advisor perspectives. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e008268. [PMID: 35450862 PMCID: PMC9023846 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exceptional production of research evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic required deployment of scientists to act in advisory roles to aid policy-makers in making evidence-informed decisions. The unprecedented breadth, scale and duration of the pandemic provides an opportunity to understand how science advisors experience and mitigate challenges associated with insufficient, evolving and/or conflicting evidence to inform public health decision-making. OBJECTIVES To explore critically the challenges for advising evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) in pandemic contexts, particularly around non-pharmaceutical control measures, from the perspective of experts advising policy-makers during COVID-19 globally. METHODS We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 27 scientific experts and advisors who are/were engaged in COVID-19 EIDM representing four WHO regions and 11 countries (Australia, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Ghana, Hong Kong, Nigeria, Sweden, Uganda, UK, USA) from December 2020 to May 2021. Participants informed decision-making at various and multiple levels of governance, including local/city (n=3), state/provincial (n=8), federal or national (n=20), regional or international (n=3) and university-level advising (n=3). Following each interview, we conducted member checks with participants and thematically analysed interview data using NVivo for Mac software. RESULTS Findings from this study indicate multiple overarching challenges to pandemic EIDM specific to interpretation and translation of evidence, including the speed and influx of new, evolving, and conflicting evidence; concerns about scientific integrity and misinterpretation of evidence; the limited capacity to assess and produce evidence, and adapting evidence from other contexts; multiple forms of evidence and perspectives needed for EIDM; the need to make decisions quickly and under conditions of uncertainty; and a lack of transparency in how decisions are made and applied. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the urgent need for global EIDM guidance that countries can adapt for in-country decisions as well as coordinated global response to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Vickery
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Atkinson
- Department of Public Health Policy and Systems/Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivier Rubin
- Department of Social Sciences and Business, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ross Upshur
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, China
| | - Chris Boyer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole A Errett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Pellay H, Marmonier C, Boyer C, Helmer C, Samieri C, Feart C. Socio-demographic and dietary characteristics of French elderly community-dwellers based on dairy products consumptions: Data from the three-city cohort. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hess JJ, Ranadive N, Boyer C, Aleksandrowicz L, Anenberg SC, Aunan K, Belesova K, Bell ML, Bickersteth S, Bowen K, Burden M, Campbell-Lendrum D, Carlton E, Cissé G, Cohen F, Dai H, Dangour AD, Dasgupta P, Frumkin H, Gong P, Gould RJ, Haines A, Hales S, Hamilton I, Hasegawa T, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Horton DE, Karambelas A, Kim H, Kim SE, Kinney PL, Kone I, Knowlton K, Lelieveld J, Limaye VS, Liu Q, Madaniyazi L, Martinez ME, Mauzerall DL, Milner J, Neville T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Pachauri S, Perera F, Pineo H, Remais JV, Saari RK, Sampedro J, Scheelbeek P, Schwartz J, Shindell D, Shyamsundar P, Taylor TJ, Tonne C, Van Vuuren D, Wang C, Watts N, West JJ, Wilkinson P, Wood SA, Woodcock J, Woodward A, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Ebi KL. Guidelines for Modeling and Reporting Health Effects of Climate Change Mitigation Actions. Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:115001. [PMID: 33170741 PMCID: PMC7654632 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation actions; however, documenting the adverse health effects can help to avoid them. Estimating the health effects of mitigation (HEM) actions can help policy makers prioritize investments based not only on mitigation potential but also on expected health benefits. To date, however, the wide range of incompatible approaches taken to developing and reporting HEM estimates has limited their comparability and usefulness to policymakers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this effort was to generate guidance for modeling studies on scoping, estimating, and reporting population health effects from climate change mitigation actions. METHODS An expert panel of HEM researchers was recruited to participate in developing guidance for conducting HEM studies. The primary literature and a synthesis of HEM studies were provided to the panel. Panel members then participated in a modified Delphi exercise to identify areas of consensus regarding HEM estimation. Finally, the panel met to review and discuss consensus findings, resolve remaining differences, and generate guidance regarding conducting HEM studies. RESULTS The panel generated a checklist of recommendations regarding stakeholder engagement: HEM modeling, including model structure, scope and scale, demographics, time horizons, counterfactuals, health response functions, and metrics; parameterization and reporting; approaches to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis; accounting for policy uptake; and discounting. DISCUSSION This checklist provides guidance for conducting and reporting HEM estimates to make them more comparable and useful for policymakers. Harmonization of HEM estimates has the potential to lead to advances in and improved synthesis of policy-relevant research that can inform evidence-based decision making and practice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Hess
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Chris Boyer
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Susan C. Anenberg
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kristin Aunan
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sam Bickersteth
- Rockefeller Foundation Economic Council on Planetary Health, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Marci Burden
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Environment Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Carlton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Cohen
- Smith School for Enterprise and the Environment and Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hancheng Dai
- Laboratory of Energy & Environmental Economics and Policy (LEEEP), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alan David Dangour
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Purnamita Dasgupta
- Environmental and Resource Economics Unit, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, India
| | | | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert J. Gould
- Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Andy Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniel E. Horton
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ho Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Patrick L. Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Inza Kone
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Université Félix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Kim Knowlton
- Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Dept. of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Qiyong Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Paediatric Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Micaela Elvira Martinez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Denise L. Mauzerall
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen Pineo
- Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Saari
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Sampedro
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
| | - Pauline Scheelbeek
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drew Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Taylor
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, UK
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Detlef Van Vuuren
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Jason West
- Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen A. Wood
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alistair Woodward
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristie L. Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Pellay H, Helmer C, Boyer C, Marmonier C, Samieri C, Féart C. Apports en macro- et micronutriments et caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques des consommateurs de produits laitiers chez les personnes âgées de la cohorte Trois-Cités-Bordeaux. NUTR CLIN METAB 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2019.01.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ali F, Atanackovic J, Boyer C, Festarini A, Kildea J, Paterson LC, Rogge R, Stuart M, Richardson RB. Dosimetric and microdosimetric analyses for blood exposed to reactor-derived thermal neutrons. J Radiol Prot 2018; 38:1037-1052. [PMID: 29871999 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aaca9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermal neutrons are found in reactor, radiotherapy, aircraft, and space environments. The purpose of this study was to characterise the dosimetry and microdosimetry of thermal neutron exposures, using three simulation codes, as a precursor to quantitative radiobiological studies using blood samples. An irradiation line was designed employing a pyrolytic graphite crystal or-alternatively-a super mirror to expose blood samples to thermal neutrons from the National Research Universal reactor to determine radiobiological parameters. The crystal was used when assessing the relative biological effectiveness for dicentric chromosome aberrations, and other biomarkers, in lymphocytes over a low absorbed dose range of 1.2-14 mGy. Higher exposures using a super mirror will allow the additional quantification of mitochondrial responses. The physical size of the thermal neutron fields and their respective wavelength distribution was determined using the McStas Monte Carlo code. Spinning the blood samples produced a spatially uniform absorbed dose as determined from Monte Carlo N-Particle version 6 simulations. The major part (71%) of the total absorbed dose to blood was determined to be from the 14N(n,p)14C reaction and the remainder from the 1H(n,γ)2H reaction. Previous radiobiological experiments at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories involving thermal neutron irradiation of blood yielded a relative biological effectiveness of 26 ± 7. Using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System, a similar value of ∼19 for the quality factor of thermal neutrons initiating the 14N(n,p)14C reaction in soft tissue was determined by microdosimetric simulations. This calculated quality factor is of similar high value to the experimentally-derived relative biological effectiveness, and indicates the potential of thermal neutrons to induce deleterious health effects in superficial organs such as cataracts of the eye lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ali
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
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Rosén S, Andersson M, Blombäck M, Hégglund U, Larrieu MJ, Wolf M, Boyer C, Rothschild C, Nilsson IM, Sjörin E, Vinazze H. Clinical Application of a Chromogenic Substrate Method for Determination of Factor VIII Activity. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA chromogenic substrate kit for the determination of factor VIII activity (COATEST® Factor VIII) has been evaluated in five different laboratories, one of them using a semi-automated procedure. This chromogenic method was compared to one-stage clotting assays for factor VIII determination in plasmas from healthy subjects, carriers of hemophilia A, severe, mild and moderate hemophilia A as well as von Willebrand’s patients. In all these cases, a high correlation between these two methods was obtained (r = 0.96-0.99, n = 385) with a good agreement of the assigned potencies at all levels of factor VIII. A good correlation (r = 0.94) was also obtained for the levels of factor VIII after infusion of concentrates in six severe hemophiliacs or after administration of DDAVP to von Willebrand’s patients.The chromogenic method is insensitive to preactivation of factor VIII by thrombin, thus yielding valid potency assignments also in these situations.The precision was higher with the chromogenic method than with the one-stage clotting assays (C.V. = 2-5% vs 4-15%). Altogether, the new chromogenic substrate method has proven itself suitable for determination of factor VIII in plasma and concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rosén
- The KabiVitrum Hematology, The Peptide Research, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M Andersson
- The KabiVitrum Hematology, The Peptide Research, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M Blombäck
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Karolinska Instituted Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Hégglund
- The Department of Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Karolinska Instituted Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Larrieu
- The INSERM U.143, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - M Wolf
- The INSERM U.143, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - C Boyer
- The INSERM U.143, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - C Rothschild
- The INSERM U.143, Institut de Pathologie Cellulaire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - I M Nilsson
- The Department for Coagulation Disorders, University of Lund, Allmänna Sjukhuset, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Sjörin
- The Department for Coagulation Disorders, University of Lund, Allmänna Sjukhuset, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Vinazze
- The Laboratorium für Blutgerinnung, Linz, Austria
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Boyer C, Wolf M, Rothschild C, Migaud M, Amiral J, Mannucci PM, Meyer D, Larrieu MJ. An Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) for the Quantitation of Human Factor VII. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1661660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA new solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of human Factor VII antigen (F VII Ag), using a monospecific rabbit anti-F VII antiserum. Anti-F VII F(ab′)2 fragments were adsorbed to polystyrene plates. The binding of serial dilutions of control or test plasma, containing F VII, was detected by incubation with peroxidase-labeled anti- FV II IgG followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxyde and O-phenylenediamine. This ELISA is specific, sensitive (detection limit: 0.05%) and accurate (coefficient of variation: 1.5-4% for within- and 1.6-9% for between-assays). F VII coagulant activity (F VII C) and F VII Ag were determined in large populations of controls and patients. In normal plasma (n = 38), F VII Ag ranged from 83 to 117% and the correlation coefficient between F VII Ag and F VII C was 0.94. In patients with severe (F VII C inf. 1%) congenital F VII deficiency (n = 5), F VII Ag was undetectable in two cases (inf. 0.05%) and markedly reduced (0.35 to 5.6%) in the three other cases. In patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 15), F VII Ag ranged from 21 to 59% and was in good correlation with F VII C (r = 0.84). In dicoumarol treated patients (n = 15), the levels of F VII Ag ranged from 51% to 79% and a poor correlation (r = 0.52) with F VIIC was observed. In “compensated” DIC (n = 5), levels of F VII Ag varied from 60 to 186%, with significantly higher F VII C levels (from 143 to 189%). In contrast, in “decompensated” DIC (n = 7), low F VII Ag and F VII C levels were observed (from 7 to 27%). In patients with deep-vein thrombosis (n = 25), high levels of F VII Ag (from 102 to 136%) and F VII C (from 110 to 150%) were demonstrated. In surgical patients, no significant difference was observed before and one day after intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boyer
- The Laboratoire Central d′Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M Wolf
- The Laboratoire Central d′Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C Rothschild
- The Laboratoire Central d′Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M Migaud
- The Diagnostica Stago, Asnières, France
| | - J Amiral
- The Diagnostica Stago, Asnières, France
| | - P M Mannucci
- A. Bianchi Bonomi, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Milano, Italy
| | - D Meyer
- The Laboratoire Central d′Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M J Larrieu
- The Laboratoire Central d′Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Abstract
SummaryA qualitative defect of antithrombin III (AT III) was demonstrated in four members of a large Tunisian family by the discrepancy between a normal amount of antigen and decreased or absent heparin cofactor activity. The propositus, a 3-year-old girl, died from massive intracardiac thrombosis despite oral anticoagulant therapy. Heparin cofactor activity measured in the presence of thrombin or F. Xa was undetectable in her plasma. Anti-F. Xa activity was also absent when using low molecular weight heparin or a synthetic pentasaccharide, representing the binding site to AT III. The lack of affinity of the propositus AT III for heparin was demonstrated by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and chromatography on heparin-Sepha-rose. The parents, first cousins, and the sister of the propositus also demonstrated a qualitative abnormality of AT III, with levels of heparin cofactor activity close to 50% of the normal range. Our data support the view that the abnormal protein was present at the heterozygous state in the parents and sister and at the homozygous state in the propositus. None of the affected family members had thrombotic episodes, except for the propositus. The name of AT III Fontainebleau is proposed for this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boyer
- The INSERM U 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M Wolf
- The INSERM U 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - J Vedrenne
- The Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de Fontainebleau, Fontainebleau, France
| | - D Meyer
- The INSERM U 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M J Larrieu
- The INSERM U 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Mannucci PM, Boyer C, Tripodi A, Viganò-D'Angelo S, Wolf M, Valsecchi C, D'Angelo A, Meyer D, Larrieu MJ. Multicenter Comparison of Five Functional and Two Immunological Assays for Protein C. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1651059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFive functional assays and two immunoassays for protein C (PC) were evaluated in parallel for the same plasma samples collected from healthy subjects, patients with congenital and acquired PC deficiencies or patients with conditions associated with high PC levels. For 7 patients starting warfarin therapy and for 15 patients during stabilized warfarin therapy, there were significant between-assay differences. For these groups immunoassays gave higher values than most functional assays and the latter also gave varied results, probably depending on their respective capacity for recognizing acarboxylated PC. On the other hand, there were no significant between-assay differences nor discrepancies between PC activity and antigen levels for healthy subjects (n = 39), patients with congenital PC deficiency (n = 10), myocardial infarction (n = 25), chronic liver disease (n = 19), disseminated intravascular coagulation (n = 35), in the post-operative period (n = 20) or in women taking oral contraceptives (n = 20). This comparison of PC assays indicates that PC levels measured by different functional or immunological assays are very close in the majority of clinical conditions, but not for patients on oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Mannucci
- The A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and the Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Milano, Italy
| | - C Boyer
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - A Tripodi
- The A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and the Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Milano, Italy
| | - S Viganò-D'Angelo
- The Thrombosis/Hematology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - M Wolf
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C Valsecchi
- The A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and the Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Milano, Italy
| | - A D'Angelo
- The A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and the Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Milano, Italy
| | - D Meyer
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M J Larrieu
- The Laboratoire Central d’Hématologie and INSERM U.143, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Herrera GA, Teng J, Zeng C, Xu H, Liang M, Alexander JS, Liu B, Boyer C, Turbat-Herrera EA. Phenotypic plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells is crucial for mesangial repair in a model of immunoglobulin light chain-associated mesangial damage. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:262-288. [PMID: 29668344 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1449772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesangiopathies produced by glomerulopathic monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (GLCs) acting on the glomerular mesangium produce two characteristic lesions: AL-amyloidosis (AL-Am) and light chain deposition disease (LCDD). In both cases, the pathology is centered in the mesangium, where initial and progressive damage occurs. In AL-Am the mesangial matrix is destroyed and replaced by amyloid fibrils and in LCDD, the mesangial matrix is increased and remodeled. The collagen IV rich matrix is replaced by tenascin. In both conditions, mesangial cells (MCs) become apoptotic as a direct effect of the GLCs. MCs were incubated in-vitro with GLCs and animal kidneys were perfused ex-vivo via the renal artery with GLCs, producing expected lesions, and then mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were added to both platforms. Each of the two platforms provided unique information that when put together created a comprehensive evaluation of the processes involved. A "cocktail" with growth and differentiating factors was used to study its effect on mesangial repair. MSCs displayed remarkable phenotypic plasticity during the repair process. The first role of the MSCs after migrating to the affected areas was to dispose of the amyloid fibrils (in AL-Am), the altered mesangial matrix (in LCDD) and apoptotic MCs/debris. To accomplish this task, MSCs transformed into facultative macrophages acquiring an abundance of lysosomes and endocytotic capabilities required to engage in phagocytic functions. Once the mesangial cleaning was completed, MSCs transformed into functional MCs restoring the mesangium to normal. "Cocktail" made the repair process more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Herrera
- a Departments of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology and Cell Biology and Anatomy , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Jiamin Teng
- b Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Chun Zeng
- b Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- b Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Man Liang
- b Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - J Steven Alexander
- c Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Bing Liu
- b Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Chris Boyer
- c Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Elba A Turbat-Herrera
- d Departments of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology , Medicine, and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA
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11
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Yun JW, Boyer C, Minagar A, Alexander JS. Brain Microvascular Endothelial Derived Microparticles as a Non‐Invasive Diagnostic Tool for Multiple Sclerosis. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.710.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Winny Yun
- PhysiologyLSU Health Sciences Center‐ShreveportShreveportLA
| | - Chris Boyer
- PhysiologyLSU Health Sciences Center‐ShreveportShreveportLA
| | | | - J. Steven Alexander
- PhysiologyLSU Health Sciences Center‐ShreveportShreveportLA
- NeurologyLSU Health Sciences Center‐ShreveportShreveportLA
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Abstract
Summary
Objectives:
To evaluate the extent to which the Internet is accessed for health information and perceived as useful to varying groups classified primarily according to age.
Method:
Synopsis of the articles on education and consumer health informatics selected for the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2010.
Results:
A growing number of individuals are actively seeking health information through a varying selection of resources. The Internet is now seen as a major source of health information alongside with books and other means of paper-based literature. However, it is not clear how the Internet is perceived by varied groups such as those coming from differing age groups.
Conclusion:
The papers selected attempt to obtain a better understanding about how the public perceives and uses the Internet as an information gathering tool—especially for health information. The papers also explore into how the Internet is used by different groups of people. As all online health information is not of uniform quality, it is important to access and rely on quality medical information. This issue is also dealt with, where the popularity of Wikipedia is measured with the popularity of reliable web sources such as Medline Plus and NHS Direct.
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13
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Lovis C, Spahni S, Appel RD, Ratib O, Boyer C, Hochstrasser DF, Baud R, Geissbühler A. A Humanist’s Legacy in Medical Informatics: Visions and Accomplishments of Professor Jean-Raoul Scherrer. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objective:
To report about the work of Prof. Jean-Raoul Scherrer, and show how his humanist vision, his medical skills and his scientific background have enabled and shaped the development of medical informatics over the last 30 years.
Results:
Starting with the mainframe-based patient-centered hospital information system DIOGENE in the 70s, Prof. Scherrer developed, implemented and evolved innovative concepts of man-machine interfaces, distributed and federated environments, leading the way with information systems that obstinately focused on the support of care providers and patients. Through a rigorous design of terminologies and ontologies, the DIOGENE data would then serve as a basis for the development of clinical research, data mining, and lead to innovative natural language processing techniques. In parallel, Prof. Scherrer supported the development of medical image management, ranging from a distributed picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) to molecular imaging of protein electrophoreses. Recognizing the need for improving the quality and trustworthiness of medical information on the Web, Prof. Scherrer created the Health-On-the-Net (HON) foundation.
Conclusions:
These achievements, made possible thanks to his visionary mind, deep humanism, creativity, generosity and determination, have made of Prof. Scherrer a true pioneer and leader of the human-centered, patient-oriented application of information technology for improving healthcare.
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14
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Degnan JH, Baker WL, Alme ML, Boyer C, Buff JS, Beason JD, Clouse CJ, Coffey SK, Dietz D, Frese MH, Graham JD, Hall DJ, Holmes JL, Lopez EA, Peterkin RE, Price DW, Roderick NF, Seiler SW, Sovinec CR, Turchi PJ. Multimegajoule Electromagnetic Implosion of Shaped Solid-Density Liners. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst95-a30368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Degnan
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - W. L. Baker
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - M. L. Alme
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - C. Boyer
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - J. S. Buff
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - J. D. Beason
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - C. J. Clouse
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - S. K. Coffey
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - D. Dietz
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - M. H. Frese
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - J. D. Graham
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - D. J. Hall
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - J. L. Holmes
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - E. A. Lopez
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - R. E. Peterkin
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - D. W. Price
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - N. F. Roderick
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - S. W. Seiler
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - C. R. Sovinec
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
| | - P. J. Turchi
- Phillips Laboratory High Energy Plasma Division, Kirtland Air Force Base
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15
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Mondet F, Alimi JC, Boyer C. [Cancer plans apply to surgical treatment of prostate cancer: A geographically isolated center balance]. Prog Urol 2017; 27:337-344. [PMID: 28392433 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since 2003, fight against cancer was structured by 3 national cancer programs (CP). The objective of this study is to evaluate the application of these measures in the case of surgical prostate cancer (PCa) treatment in a geographically isolated center. MATERIAL Monocentric retrospective study carried in a 100-bed clinic located 2hours away from a Cancer Regional Reference Center. Between August 2009 and December 2014, 251 consecutive patients were treated by total laparoscopic prostatectomy (TLP). Fifty-seven patients (22.7 %) received a secondary treatment after TLP. The study focused on the delay between prostate biopsies and PTL, the traceability of AD elements, the return of active patients, inclusion in clinical trials (GETUG 17, GETUG 20 and GETUG 22). Data were collected in September 2016. The follow-up defined by the time between the date of the last visit and the prostate biopsy allows a median follow-up of 43.1 months (2.4-80.5). RESULTS All elements of the CAP are totally gathered on 45 % of the patients (113/251). Thirty-four (13.5 %) patients were active at the time of the intervention. Thirty-one (91.2 %) will return to an identical activity after a median work stoppage of 1.7 month (0.25-6). Fourteen percent (35/251) of the patients are eligible to a clinical trial. Seventeen percent (6/35) of them were proposed to one of a trial after multidisciplinary meeting and 5.7 % (2/35) are eventually included in one trial. CONCLUSION CP define a course of high quality care. A better transparency of the founding of the enforceable measures and a better consideration for the local specificities should facilitate their application. The TLP treat the PCa with the reasonable objective of a return to an identical professional activity. The multidisciplinary meeting does not guarantee the participation to clinical trial, which depends mainly on distance from the Cancer Regional Reference Center and the vigilance of the Urologist. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mondet
- Cabinet d'urologie des Alpes du Sud, polyclinique des Alpes du Sud, 3-5, rue Antonin-Coronat, 05000 Gap, France.
| | - J-C Alimi
- Cabinet d'urologie des Alpes du Sud, polyclinique des Alpes du Sud, 3-5, rue Antonin-Coronat, 05000 Gap, France
| | - C Boyer
- Cabinet d'urologie des Alpes du Sud, polyclinique des Alpes du Sud, 3-5, rue Antonin-Coronat, 05000 Gap, France
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16
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Vichot L, Boyer C, Boissieux T, Losset Y, Pierrat D. Organically Bound Tritium in the Environment: First Investigation of Environmental Survey in the Vicinity of a French Research Centre. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Vichot
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CVA/DSTA/SPR/LMSE, 21120 Is-sur-Tille, France
| | - C. Boyer
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CVA/DSTA/SPR/LMSE, 21120 Is-sur-Tille, France
| | - T. Boissieux
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CVA/DSTA/SPR/LMSE, 21120 Is-sur-Tille, France
| | - Y. Losset
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CVA/DSTA/SPR/LMSE, 21120 Is-sur-Tille, France
| | - D. Pierrat
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CVA/DSTA/SPR/LMSE, 21120 Is-sur-Tille, France
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17
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Guetat P, Boyer C, Tognelli A, Duda JM. 50 Years Environmental Tritium Transfer Review in the Vicinity of French Research Centre. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ph. Guetat
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA VALDUC, F 21120 Is sur Tille, France
| | - C. Boyer
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA VALDUC, F 21120 Is sur Tille, France
| | - A. Tognelli
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA DIF, F91680 Bruyére le Châtel, France
| | - J. M. Duda
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA VALDUC, F 21120 Is sur Tille, France
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18
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Richard D, Ravigné V, Rieux A, Facon B, Boyer C, Boyer K, Grygiel P, Javegny S, Terville M, Canteros BI, Robène I, Vernière C, Chabirand A, Pruvost O, Lefeuvre P. Adaptation of genetically monomorphic bacteria: evolution of copper resistance through multiple horizontal gene transfers of complex and versatile mobile genetic elements. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2131-2149. [PMID: 28101896 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper-based antimicrobial compounds are widely used to control plant bacterial pathogens. Pathogens have adapted in response to this selective pressure. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, a major citrus pathogen causing Asiatic citrus canker, was first reported to carry plasmid-encoded copper resistance in Argentina. This phenotype was conferred by the copLAB gene system. The emergence of resistant strains has since been reported in Réunion and Martinique. Using microsatellite-based genotyping and copLAB PCR, we demonstrated that the genetic structure of the copper-resistant strains from these three regions was made up of two distant clusters and varied for the detection of copLAB amplicons. In order to investigate this pattern more closely, we sequenced six copper-resistant X. citri pv. citri strains from Argentina, Martinique and Réunion, together with reference copper-resistant Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas strains using long-read sequencing technology. Genes involved in copper resistance were found to be strain dependent with the novel identification in X. citri pv. citri of copABCD and a cus heavy metal efflux resistance-nodulation-division system. The genes providing the adaptive trait were part of a mobile genetic element similar to Tn3-like transposons and included in a conjugative plasmid. This indicates the system's great versatility. The mining of all available bacterial genomes suggested that, within the bacterial community, the spread of copper resistance associated with mobile elements and their plasmid environments was primarily restricted to the Xanthomonadaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richard
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France.,Plant Health Laboratory, ANSES, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France.,Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, F-97490, St Denis, Réunion, France
| | - V Ravigné
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - A Rieux
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - B Facon
- INRA, UMR PVBMT, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France.,INRA, UMR CBGP, F-34090, Montpellier, France
| | - C Boyer
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - K Boyer
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - P Grygiel
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - S Javegny
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - M Terville
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - B I Canteros
- INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista, Bella Vista, Argentina
| | - I Robène
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - C Vernière
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - A Chabirand
- Plant Health Laboratory, ANSES, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - O Pruvost
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - P Lefeuvre
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France
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19
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Boyer C. How to Make a Low-Tech SALAD Trainer: It can be constructed easily and at low cost. EMS World 2017; 46:44-46. [PMID: 29782720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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21
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Borghese MM, Tremblay MS, LeBlanc AG, Leduc G, Boyer C, Chaput JP. Comparison of ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical accelerometer data in 9-11-year-old Canadian children. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:517-524. [PMID: 27103499 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1175653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Accelerometry is the gold standard for field-based physical activity assessment in children; however, the plethora of devices, data reduction procedures, and cut-points available limits comparability between studies. This study aimed to compare physical activity variables from the ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical accelerometers in children under free-living conditions. A cross-sectional study of 379 children aged 9-11 years from Ottawa (Canada) was conducted. Children wore the ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical accelerometers on the hip simultaneously for 7 consecutive days (24-h protocol). Moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA), vigorous (VPA), moderate (MPA), and light (LPA) physical activity, as well as sedentary time, (SED) were derived using established data reduction protocols. Excellent agreement between devices was observed for MVPA (ICC = 0.73-0.80), with fair to good agreement for MPA, LPA and SED, and poor agreement for VPA. Bland-Altman plots showed excellent agreement for MVPA, LPA, and SED, adequate agreement for MPA, and poor agreement for VPA. MVPA derived from the Actical was 11.7% lower than the ActiGraph GT3X+. The ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical are comparable for measuring children's MVPA. However, comparison between devices for VPA, MPA, LPA, and SED are highly dependent on data reduction procedures and cut-points, and should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Borghese
- a School of Kinesiology and Health Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , ON , Canada
| | - M S Tremblay
- b Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada.,c School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada.,d Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - A G LeBlanc
- b Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - G Leduc
- b Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - C Boyer
- b Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - J P Chaput
- b Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa , ON , Canada.,c School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada.,d Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada
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Zombre C, Sankara P, Ouédraogo SL, Wonni I, Boyer K, Boyer C, Terville M, Javegny S, Allibert A, Vernière C, Pruvost O. Natural Infection of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) by Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae in Burkina Faso. Plant Dis 2016; 100:718-723. [PMID: 30688624 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1137-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae is the causal agent of bacterial canker of mango (Mangifera indica, Anacardiaceae), a disease of international importance. Since the original description of the bacterium in the 1940s, the status of cashew (Anacardium occidentale, Anacardiaceae) as a host species has been unclear. Here, we report the first outbreak of a cashew bacterial disease in Burkina Faso (Western Africa) where X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae recently emerged on mango. A comprehensive molecular characterization, based on multilocus sequence analysis, supplemented with pathogenicity assays of isolates obtained during the outbreak, indicated that the causal agent on cashew in Burkina Faso is X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae and not X. citri pv. anacardii, which was previously reported as the causal agent of a cashew bacterial leaf spot in Brazil. Pathogenicity data supported by population biology in Burkina Faso suggest a lack of host specialization. Therefore, the inoculum from each crop is potentially harmful to both host species. Symptoms induced on cashew leaves and fruit by X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae and nonpigmented strains of X. citri pv. anacardii are similar, although the causative bacteria are genetically different. Thus, xanthomonads pathogenic on cashew may represent a new example of pathological convergence in this bacterial genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zombre
- Université de Ouagadougou, Ecole doctorale Science et Technologie, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - P Sankara
- Université de Ouagadougou, Ecole doctorale Science et Technologie, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - S L Ouédraogo
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - I Wonni
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - K Boyer
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - M Terville
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - S Javegny
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - A Allibert
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - C Vernière
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - O Pruvost
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
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Leblanc A, Tremblay M, Boyer C, Borghese M, Leduc G, Chaput J. Associations between sleep characteristics and dietary intake patterns in 10-year old Canadian children. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Longmuir P, Boyer C, McClelland K, Tremblay M. TEACHER RATINGS OF STUDENTS’ PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BEHAVIOUR, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, SKILL AND FITNESS HAVE LOW TO MODERATE ASSOCIATION WITH DIRECT MEASURES OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Leduc A, Traoré YN, Boyer K, Magne M, Grygiel P, Juhasz CC, Boyer C, Guerin F, Wonni I, Ouedraogo L, Vernière C, Ravigné V, Pruvost O. Bridgehead invasion of a monomorphic plant pathogenic bacterium:Xanthomonas citripv. citri, an emerging citrus pathogen in Mali and Burkina Faso. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4429-42. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Leduc
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | | | - K. Boyer
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - M. Magne
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - P. Grygiel
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - C. C. Juhasz
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - C. Boyer
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - F. Guerin
- UMR PVBMT; Université de la Réunion; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - I. Wonni
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches agricoles; 01 BP910 Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - L. Ouedraogo
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches agricoles; 01 BP910 Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - C. Vernière
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - V. Ravigné
- UMR BGPI; CIRAD; 34398 Montpellier France
| | - O. Pruvost
- UMR PVBMT; CIRAD; 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
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Longmuir P, Alpous A, Borghese M, Callender L, Fournier A, Boyer C. 135: Assessing the Accuracy of Physical Literacy Screening Tasks with the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL). Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Boyer C, Jackson E, Bawah A, Schmitt M, Awoonor-Williams J, Phillips J. Estimating indices of health system readiness: an example from rural northern Ghana. The Lancet Global Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(15)70133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Pruvost O, Boyer C, Grygiel P, Boyer K, Verniere C, Gagnevin L, Soro S, N'Guessan C, Kone D. First Report of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae Causing Mango Bacterial Canker on Mangifera indica in Ivory Coast. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1740. [PMID: 30703897 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-14-0669-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae causing bacterial canker (or black spot) is a major mango (Mangifera indica L.) pathogen in tropical and subtropical areas (3). The bacterium infects a wide range of mango cultivars, and induces raised, angular, black leaf lesions, sometimes with a yellow chlorotic halo. Fruit symptoms first appear as small water-soaked spots on the lenticels turning into star-shaped, erumpent lesions, which exude an infectious gum, yielding tear-stain patterns. Severe infections cause severe defoliation and/or premature fruit drop. Twig cankers are potential sources of inoculum and weaken branch resistance to winds. Drastic yield losses have been reported at grove scale for susceptible cultivars (3). Mango leaves showing typical angular, black, raised leaf lesions were first observed and collected in April 2014 from trees cv. Kent in five localities of the Korhogo province of Ivory Coast (i.e., the major commercial mango-growing area in this country). Non-pigmented Xanthomonas-like colonies were isolated on KC semi-selective medium (4). Five strains (LL60-1, LL61-1, LL62-1, LL63-1, and LL64-1), one from each locality, were compared by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) to the type strain of X. citri and the pathotype strain of several X. citri pathovars, including pvs. anacardii and mangiferaeindicae. This assay targeted the atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB genes, as described previously (2). Nucleotide sequences were 100% identical to those of the pathotype strain of X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae whatever the gene assayed, but differed from any other assayed X. citri pathovar. Leaves of mango cv. Maison Rouge from the youngest vegetative flush were infiltrated (10 inoculation sites/leaf for three replicate leaves on different plants/bacterial strain) as detailed previously (1) with the same five strains. Bacterial suspensions (~1 × 105 cfu/ml) were prepared in 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.2) from 16-h-old cultures on YPGA (7 g yeast, 7 g peptone, 7 g glucose, and 18 g agar/liter, pH 7.2). The negative control treatment consisted of three leaves infiltrated with sterile Tris buffer (10 sites/leaf). Plants were incubated in a growth chamber at 30 ± 1°C by day and 26 ± 1°C by night (12-h day/night cycle) at 80 ± 5% RH. All leaves inoculated with the strains from Ivory Coast showed typical symptoms of bacterial canker a week after inoculation. No lesions were recorded from the negative controls. The pathogen was recovered at high population densities (>1 × 106 cfu/lesion) from leaf lesions, typical of a compatible interaction (1) and isolated colonies were identified as the target by atpD sequencing (2). Koch's postulates have therefore been fully verified. This is the first report of the disease in Ivory Coast, a country which has been an internationally significant mango exporter (up to 15,000 tons per year) over the last two decades. A high disease incidence and severity were observed, outlining the need for implementing integrated pest management in mango groves and the production of disease-free nursery stock. This report further expands the distribution of the pathogen in West Africa after its first description from Ghana in 2011 (5) and subsequently in other neighboring countries. References: (1) N. Ah-You et al. Phytopathology 97:1568, 2007. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) L. Gagnevin and O. Pruvost. Plant Dis. 85:928, 2001. (4) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005. (5) O. Pruvost et al. Plant Dis. 95:774, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - P Grygiel
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - K Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Verniere
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - L Gagnevin
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - S Soro
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - C N'Guessan
- Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly de Korhogo, UFR Sciences Biologiques, Korhogo, Ivory Coast
| | - D Kone
- Université de Cocody-Abidjan, UFR Biosciences, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
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Grygiel P, Seny-Couty A, Hassani FA, Boyer C, Boyer K, Vernière C, Pruvost O, Hamza AA. First Report of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Pathotype A Causing Asiatic Citrus Canker in Grande Comore and Anjouan. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1739. [PMID: 30703900 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-14-0624-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker, Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is a bacterium of major economic importance in tropical and subtropical citrus-producing areas. X. citri pv. citri pathotype A can cause severe infection in a wide range of citrus species and induces erumpent, callus-like lesions with water-soaked margins evolving to corky cankers and leading to premature fruit, leaf drop, and twig dieback on susceptible cultivars. This quarantine organism can strongly impact citrus markets so it has consequently been subjected to eradication efforts and international quarantine regulations. Asiatic citrus canker occurs on most islands in the Southwest Indian Ocean region including the Mascarene and Seychelles archipelagos. In the Comoros archipelago, the disease was observed for the first time in Mohéli island in 1966 (2), but had not yet been reported in neighboring islands, Grande Comore and Anjouan. In September 2013, leaves of key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) showing symptoms of citrus canker were collected from Anjouan, Grande Comore, and Mohéli. Nine Xanthomonas-like strains (three from each of the three islands) were isolated using KC semi-selective medium (5) from diseased samples (LK126-3, LK127-7, LK128-2, LK131-10, LK137-1, LK141-3, LK144-5, LK145-5, LK146-2). Based on a specific PCR assay with 4/7 primers (4), all Xanthomonas-like strains were tentatively identified as X. citri pv. citri. All strains produced a 468-bp amplicon similar to X. citri pv. citri strain IAPAR 306 used as a positive control. Negative control reactions with sterile tris buffer did not produce amplicons. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) targeting six housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, efp, gltA, gyrB, and lepA) (1,3) fully identified all strains from the Comoros as X. citri pv. citri. More specifically, eight strains were identified as sequence type ST2 composed of pathotype A strains of X. citri pv. citri (3) (including all strains from the Southwest Indian Ocean region) while one of them (LK141-3 from Mohéli) was identified as a new sequence type based on a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in gyrB (accession KJ941208). All strains were inoculated by a detached leaf assay (3) onto Mexican lime SRA 140 (C. aurantifolia), Tahiti lime SRA 58 (C. latifolia), sweet orange New Hall Navel SRA 343 (C. sinensis), grapefruit Henderson SRA 336 (C. paradisi), and Ortanique tangor SRA 110 (C. reticulata × C. sinensis). All citrus species inoculated produced typical erumpent, callus-like tissue at wound sites. Xanthomonas-like yellow colonies were re-isolated from lesions produced on Mexican lime. Boiled bacterial suspensions were assayed by PCR with 4/7 primers (4) and produced the expected amplicon, fulfilling Koch's postulates. No lesions developed on the negative control consisting of inoculations with sterile tris buffer. This is the first report of X. citri pv. citri-A causing Asiatic citrus canker in Grande Comore and Anjouan islands confirming the wide distribution of the pathogen in Southwest Indian Ocean islands. Canker-free nurseries and grove sanitation should be implemented to decrease the prevalence of Asiatic canker in the Comoros. References: (1) N. F. Almeida et al. Phytopathology 100:208, 2010. (2) J. Brun. Fruits 26:533, 1971. (3) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (4) J. S. Hartung et al. Phytopathology 86:95, 1996. (5) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grygiel
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - A Seny-Couty
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - F Abdou Hassani
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - K Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - C Vernière
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
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De Smet S, Leroux L, Triolo V, Kurzenne J, Boyer C. SFIPP P-07 - Diaphragme antral congénital : Cause rare de vomissements chez l’enfant. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)71856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sirvain S, Michel M, Guerzou E, Boyer C, Durand M. SFP P-026 - Hypno analgésie et réalité augmentée. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)71996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Leloutre Francon B, Guesmi M, Boyer C, Occelli A, Albertario M, Leroux C, Geoffray A. SFIPP CO-11 - L’échographie dans les infections cervicales profondes de l’enfant. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)71848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Juhasz CC, Leduc A, Boyer C, Guérin F, Vernière C, Pruvost O, Wonni I, Ouedraogo L. First Report of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Causing Asiatic Citrus Canker in Burkina Faso. Plant Dis 2013; 97:1653. [PMID: 30716843 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-13-0600-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is a bacterial disease of economic importance in tropical and sub-tropical citrus-producing areas (EPPO-PQR online database). X. citri pv. citri causes severe infection in a wide range of citrus species, and induces erumpent, callus-like lesions with water-soaked margins leading to premature fruit drop and twig dieback. It has consequently been subjected to eradication efforts and international regulations. It was first described on the African continent in South Africa at the beginning of the 20th century, from which it was eventually eradicated. Since 2006, several outbreaks caused by phylogenetically diverse strains of X. citri pv. citri have been reported from several African countries (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, and Somalia). In July 2011, citrus canker in Burkina Faso was suspected in the area adjacent to the Sikassso Province of Mali where X. citri pv. citri has been confirmed. In November and December 2012, leaves of clementine (Citrus clementina), lemon (C. limon), Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana), sweet orange (C. sinensis), tangelo (C. paradisi× C. reticulata), and mandarin (C. reticulata) were collected from orchards with trees showing symptoms of citrus canker in the Comoé, Houet, and Kénédougou provinces of Burkina Faso. Isolations performed using KC semi-selective medium (4) recovered 45 Xanthomonas-like strains. All Xanthomonas-like strains were tentatively identified as X. citri pv. citri by PCR (4/7 primers) using IAPAR 306 and sterile distilled water as the positive and negative controls, respectively (3). Among these, two strains (LK4-4 and LK4-5) produced a 'fuscans'-like brown diffusible pigment, a phenotype never reported previously for X. citri pv. citri. MultiLocus Sequence Analysis targeting six housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, efp, gltA, gyrB, and lepA) (1,2) fully identified seven strains from Burkina Faso (LJ301-1, LJ303-1, LK1-1, LK2-6, LK4-3, LK4-4, and LK4-5) as X. citri pv. citri (and not to any other Xanthomonas pathovars pathogenic to citrus or host range-restricted pathotypes of pathovar citri), and more specifically as sequence type ST2 which is composed mostly of pathotype A strains of X. citri pv. citri (2). The same seven strains were inoculated to at least four leaves of each of grapefruit cv. Henderson, Mexican lime SRA 140 (C. aurantifolia), Tahiti lime SRA 58 (C. latifolia), and sweet orange cv. Washington Navel, using a detached leaf assay (2). All strains developed typical erumpent, callus-like tissue at wound sites on all citrus species inoculated. No lesions developed on the negative control (sterile 10 mM tris buffer). Koch's postulate was fulfilled after reisolation of Xanthomonas-like yellow colonies from symptoms on Mexican lime produced by the seven strains. Boiled bacterial suspensions were assayed by PCR with 4/7 primers (3) and produced the expected 468-bp amplicon in contrast with the PCR negative control. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. citri pv. citri in Burkina Faso. Citrus canker-free nurseries and grove sanitation should be implemented for reducing the prevalence of Asiatic canker in Burkina Faso and a thorough survey of citrus nurseries and groves in the region should be conducted. References: (1) N. F. Almeida et al. Phytopathology 100:208, 2010. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) J. S. Hartung et al. Phytopathology 86:95, 1996. (4) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Juhasz
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - A Leduc
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - F Guérin
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Vernière
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - I Wonni
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - L Ouedraogo
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Jesaimini A, Rollason V, Cedrashi C, Luthy C, Besson M, Boyer C, Desmeules J, Piguet V. PP002—Searching for health and medication information on the internet. A review of the literature. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hoarau J, Boyer C, Vital K, Chesneau T, Vernière C, Roux-Cuvelier M, Pruvost O, Moreau A, Hostachy B, Yahaya N, Abdoul-Karime AL. First Report of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri-A Causing Asiatic Citrus Canker in Mayotte. Plant Dis 2013; 97:989. [PMID: 30722568 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-13-0128-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is a bacterial disease of major economic importance in tropical and subtropical citrus-producing areas. X. citri pv. citri pathotype A can cause severe infection in a wide range of citrus species and induces erumpent, callus-like lesions with water-soaked margins evolving to corky cankers and leading to premature fruit and leaf drop and twig dieback on susceptible/very susceptible cultivars. A chlorotic halo is typically visible around canker lesions on leaves and young fruit, but not on mature fruit and twigs. This quarantine organism can strongly impact both national and international citrus markets. Long distance dispersal is mainly through infected propagative material. Asiatic citrus canker occurs on most islands in the Southwest Indian Ocean region (Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues, and Seychelles islands), but was not yet reported in Mayotte (EPPO-PQR available at http://www.eppo.int ). In May 2012, typical canker-like symptoms were observed on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) groves on Mtsamboro islet and soon after on the main island of Mayotte, mostly on sweet oranges, but also on Tahiti limes (C. latifolia) and mandarins (C. reticulata). Eighty-one Xanthomonas-like strains were isolated using KC semi-selective medium (4) from disease samples collected from both commercial groves and nurseries on different Citrus species located all over the island. Sixteen Xanthomonas-like isolates were tentatively identified as X. citri pv. citri based on a specific PCR assay with 4/7 primers (3). All strains but the negative control, sterile water, produced an amplicon of the expected size similar to X. citri pv. citri strain IAPAR 306 used as positive control. Multilocus sequence analysis targeting six housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, efp, gltA, gyrB, and lepA) (1,2) fully identified three strains from Mayotte (LJ225-3, LJ228-1, and LJ229-11) as X. citri pv. citri (and not other xanthomonad pathovars pathogenic to citrus or host range-restricted pathotypes of pathovar citri), and more specifically as sequence type ST2 composed of pathotype A strains of X. citri pv. citri (2) (including all strains from the Southwest Indian Ocean region). Eight strains were inoculated by a detached leaf assay (2) to Mexican lime SRA 140 (C. aurantifolia), Tahiti lime SRA 58, sweet orange cv. Washington Navel, alemow SRA 779 (C. macrophylla), and tangor cv. Ortanique (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and developed typical erumpent, callus-like tissue at wound sites for all Citrus species, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Xanthomonas-like yellow colonies were reisolated from symptoms produced by the eight strains inoculated on Mexican lime. Boiled bacterial suspensions were assayed by PCR with 4/7 primers (3) and produced the expected 468-bp amplicon in contrast with the negative control (sterile water). No lesions developed on the negative control consisting of inoculations by 10 mM tris buffer (pH 7.2). Citrus canker-free nurseries and grove sanitation should be implemented for decreasing the prevalence of Asiatic canker in this island territory. References: (1) N. F. Almeida et al. Phytopathology 100:208, 2010. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) J. S. Hartung et al. Phytopathology 86:95, 1996. (4) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoarau
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - K Vital
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - T Chesneau
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - C Vernière
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | | | - O Pruvost
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - A Moreau
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - B Hostachy
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - N Yahaya
- CAPAM, Mamoudzou, Mayotte, F-97600, France
| | - A L Abdoul-Karime
- Direction de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt de Mayotte, Mamoudzou, Mayotte, F-97600, France
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Vernière C, Vital K, Boyer C, Pruvost O, Carter BA. First Report of Sequence Type 1, Pathotype A Xanthomonas citri pv. citri from Lime and Lemon Fruit Originating from Bangladesh. Plant Dis 2013; 97:836. [PMID: 30722616 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-12-1105-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, a quarantine pest in several countries (including the European Union), strongly impacts both national citrus markets in tropical and subtropical areas and international trade. This bacterium induces erumpent, callus-like lesions often with a water-soaked margin in a wide range of citrus species causing premature fruit drop and twig dieback. Long distance dispersal is mainly through infected propagative material and the role of fruit is still debated. During inspection of imported limes (C. aurantifolia) and lemons (C. limon) from Bangladesh from 2006 to 2009, canker-like infected fruits were intercepted by the UK plant health service. Typical corky lesions were surface sterilized and comminuted in 0.1% peptone solution. Suspensions were plated onto nutrient dextrose (ND) and yeast dextrose chalk (YDC) plates for bacterial isolation. After incubation for 3 to 7 days at 25°C, typical Xanthomonas-like yellow colonies were purified for identification. Identification of 18 isolates as Xanthomonas was carried out initially by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. Identification at the species level (X. citri) was completed by sequencing of the gyrase B gene (4). PCR (3) was used to confirm the identity of these isolates using X. citri pv. citri CFBP 2525 as the positive control and distilled water as the negative control. The expected DNA fragment was only obtained from all of the bacterial isolates using primer pair 4/7 (3). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of four housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB) identified isolates from Bangladesh as two sequence types of X. citri pv. citri, ST1 (n = 5; GenBank Accession Nos. FJ376118, FJ376168, FJ376216, and FJ376251) and ST2 (n = 13; EU333904, EU333907, EU333910, and FJ376357), but not as any other xanthomonad pathogenic to citrus (2). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of all X. citri pv. citri isolates from Bangladesh and additional reference isolates from pathotype A, A*, Aw and X. citri pv. aurantifolii (2) using Sac I/Msp I and four primer pairs (unlabelled MspI + 1 (A, C, T, or G) primers and 5'-labeled - SacI + C primer for the selective amplification step) confirmed identification as X. citri pv. citri. All five ST1 isolates grouped as a single cluster by AFLP, although not strongly supported by bootstrap analysis. Evolutionary genome divergences (EGD) computed from AFLP data ranged from 0.0000 to 0.0097 (median EGD 0.0055) suggested a relatively wide diversity within isolates originating from Bangladesh (median EGD from a worldwide pathotype A collection [n = 73] 0.0028) (2). When inoculated to Mexican lime SRA 140 and grapefruit cv. Duncan using a detached leaf assay (2), all the Bangladesh isolates produced typical extensive canker lesions on both species whereas the negative control (10 mM Tris buffer pH 7.2) did not, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathotype A assigned to ST1 by MLSA. All strains previously assigned to ST1 displayed a narrow host range (pathotype A*) (2). Our results further identify the Indian subcontinent as an area of relatively wide genetic diversity of X. citri pv. citri (1). References: (1) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:1173, 2009. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) J. S. Hartung et al. Phytopathology 86:95, 1996. (4) N. Parkinson et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:2881, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vernière
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - K Vital
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
| | - O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410, France
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Fortier A, Boyer C, Ducasse H, Deville A, Chevallier A, Leroux C, Bailleux S. Bronchogenic cyst of the tongue in an infant. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 2013; 134:157-159. [PMID: 24974410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bronchogenic cyst of the tongue is rare. We report the case of a 17-month baby who has a lingual lesion. MRI shows a well-defined cystic lesion. Treatment consisted of a complete resection and histology found a pseudostratified respiratory type epithelium. Only 10 pediatric cases of bronchogenic cyst of the tongue have been reported in the literature. MRI is the imaging modality of choice and treatment is always surgical. The final diagnosis is made by histology.
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Boyer C, Mondet F, Alimi JC, Medard M, Wellems E. Étude prospective monocentrique de l’utilisation du Laser Holmium 100W dans le traitement de l’hypertrophie bénigne de prostate en 2011. Prog Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2012.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lescaudron L, Boyer C, Bonnamain V, Fink KD, Lévêque X, Rossignol J, Nerrière-Daguin V, Malouet AC, Lelan F, Dey ND, Michel-Monigadon D, Lu M, Neveu I, von Hörsten S, Naveilhan P, Dunbar GL. Assessing the potential clinical utility of transplantations of neural and mesenchymal stem cells for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 879:147-64. [PMID: 22610559 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-815-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for neurodegenerative diseases have little impact on the long-term patient health. However, cellular transplants of neuroblasts derived from the aborted embryonic brain tissue in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and in patients have demonstrated survival and functionality in the brain. However, ethical and functional problems due to the use of this fetal tissue stopped most of the clinical trials. Therefore, new cell sources were needed, and scientists focused on neural (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). When transplanted in the brain of animals with Parkinson's or Huntington's disease, NSCs and MSCs were able to induce partial functional recovery by promoting neuroprotection and immunomodulation. MSCs are more readily accessible than NSCs due to sources such as the bone marrow. However, MSCs are not capable of differentiating into neurons in vivo where NSCs are. Thus, transplantation of NSCs and MSCs is interesting for brain regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we detail the methods for NSCs and MSCs isolation as well as the transplantation procedures used to treat rodent models of neurodegenerative damage.
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Pruvost O, Boyer C, Vital K, Verniere C, Gagnevin L, Traoré YN. First Report in Mali of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae Causing Mango Bacterial Canker on Mangifera indica. Plant Dis 2012; 96:581. [PMID: 30727428 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-12-0001-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker (or black spot) of mango caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae is an important disease in tropical and subtropical areas (1). X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae can cause severe infection in a wide range of mango cultivars and induces raised, angular, black leaf lesions, sometimes with a chlorotic halo. Severe leaf infection may result in abscission. Fruit symptoms appear as small, water-soaked spots on the lenticels that later become star shaped, erumpent, and exude an infectious gum. Often, a "tear stain" infection pattern is observed on the fruit. Severe fruit infections cause premature drop. Twig cankers are potential sources of inoculum and weaken branch resistance to winds. Yield loss up to 85% has been reported at grove scale for susceptible cultivars (1). Suspected leaf lesions of bacterial canker were collected in July 2010 from mango trees in four, six, and three localities of the Koulikoro, Sikasso, and Bougouni provinces of Mali, respectively (i.e., the major mango-growing areas in this country). Nonpigmented Xanthomonas-like colonies were isolated on KC semiselective medium (3). Twenty-two strains from Mali were identified as X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae based on IS1595-ligation-mediated PCR (4) and they produced fingerprints fully identical to that of strains isolated from Ghana and Burkina Faso. Five Malian strains (LH409, LH410, LH414, LH415-3, and LH418) were compared by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) to the type strain of X. citri and the pathotype strain of several X. citri pathovars, including pvs. anacardii and mangiferaeindicae. This assay targeted the atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB genes, as described previously (2). Nucleotide sequences were 100% identical to those of the pathotype strain of X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae whatever the gene assayed, but differed from any other assayed X. citri pathovar. Leaves of mango cv. Maison Rouge from the youngest vegetative flush were infiltrated (10 inoculation sites per leaf for three replicate leaves on different plants per bacterial strain) with the same five strains from Mali. Bacterial suspensions (~1 × 105 CFU/ml) were prepared in 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.2) from 16-h-old cultures on YPGA (7 g of yeast, 7 g of peptone, 7 g of glucose, and 18 g of agar/liter, pH 7.2). The negative control treatment consisted of three leaves infiltrated with sterile Tris buffer (10 sites per leaf). Plants were incubated in a growth chamber at 30 ± 1°C by day and 26 ± 1°C by night (12-h/12-h day/night cycle) at 80 ± 5% relative humidity. All leaves inoculated with the Malian strains showed typical symptoms of bacterial canker a week after inoculation. No lesions were recorded from the negative controls. One month after inoculation, mean X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae population sizes ranging from 5 × 106 to 1 × 107 CFU/lesion were recovered from leaf lesions, typical of a compatible interaction (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in Mali. Investigations from local growers suggest that the disease may have been present for some years in Mali but likely less than a decade. A high disease incidence and severity were observed, suggesting the suitability of environmental conditions in this region for the development of mango bacterial canker. References: (1) N. Ah-You et al. Phytopathology 97:1568, 2007. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005. (4) O. Pruvost et al. Phytopathology 101:887, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - K Vital
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Verniere
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - L Gagnevin
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - Y N Traoré
- Institut Polytechnique Rural, Katibougou, Mali
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Hardie V, Wheeler M, Boyer C, Harms R, Thiessen K, George N, Mercer D, Sarvetnick N. Delayed Activation of Innate Immunity in Murine Model of Diabetic Wounds: Initiating An Aberrant Inflammatory Response. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Guardia A, Boyer C. Personal health and consumer informatics. Yearb Med Inform 2012; 7:25-29. [PMID: 22890337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize current outstanding research in the field of Personal Health and Consumers Informatics. METHODS A selection of excellent research articles published in 2011 in the field of Personal Health Informatics and Consumer Informatics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This selection of articles shows that Personal Health Informatics is changing. Indeed, the different solutions tended to the doctors and their interaction, but also tended to the patient in order for him to be more active in his own medical healthcare. The consumer section highlights the development of the social network and the possible limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guardia
- Health On the Net Foundation, C/o HUG Belle Idée, 2 Chemin du Petit Bel-Air, CH-1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland. E-mail:
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Ammirati C, Slama M, De Cagny B, Amsallem C, Boyer C, Lion T, Du Chaffaut G. Mise en place et modalités d’organisation d’un Plan blanc à l’échelle d’un établissement de santé. Réanimation 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-011-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Benfatto I, Autogue F, Beltran D, Boyer C, Carbonare GD, Hourtoule J, Jalabert F, Kuehn I, Nair S, Sonara J, Werner W, Besrest R, Papineschi F. Tools for the design integration of the ITER power supplies and electrical installations. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pruvost O, Boyer C, Vital K, Verniere C, Gagnevin L, Somda I. First Report in Burkina Faso of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae Causing Bacterial Canker on Mangifera indica. Plant Dis 2011; 95:1312. [PMID: 30731663 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-11-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker of mango (or bacterial black spot) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae, is an economically important disease in tropical and subtropical areas (1). X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae can cause severe infection on a wide range of mango cultivars and induces raised, angular, black leaf lesions, sometimes with a chlorotic halo. Fruit symptoms are black, star shaped, erumpent, and exude an infectious gum. A survey was conducted in Burkina Faso in May 2010 because budwood putatively associated with an outbreak of bacterial canker in Ghana had originated from Burkina Faso (3). Leaves and twigs with suspected bacterial canker lesions were collected from mango trees of the cvs. Amélie, Brooks, and Kent and from seedlings at five localities in Comoe and Houet provinces. Severe infections were observed on the sampled trees in Burkina Faso and leaf symptoms were typical of bacterial canker. Leaves were surface sterilized for 15 to 30 s with 70% ethanol, and nonpigmented, Xanthomonas-like bacterial colonies were isolated on KC semiselective agar medium (1). On the basis of an IS1595-ligation mediated PCR assay, 18 strains from Burkina Faso produced identical fingerprints and were identified as X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae (4). The haplotype for strains from Burkina Faso was identical to that reported from Ghana (3). Three strains from Burkina Faso (LH127-2, LH130-1, and LH131-1) were compared by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) with the type strain of X. citri and the pathotype strain of several X. citri pathovars, including pvs. anacardii and mangiferaeindicae, targeting the atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB genes (2). Nucleotide sequences were 100% identical to those of the pathotype strain of X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae, regardless of the gene assayed, but differed from any other X. citri pathovar assayed. Leaves of mango cv. Maison Rouge, taken from the youngest vegetative flush, were infiltrated (10 inoculation sites per leaf for three replicate leaves on different plants per bacterial strain) with the same three strains from Burkina Faso. Bacterial suspensions (approximately 1 × 105 CFU/ml) were prepared in 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.2) from 16-h-old solid cultures on YPG agar (7 g of yeast, 7 g of peptone, 7 g of glucose, and 18 g of agar per liter, pH 7.2). The negative control treatment consisted of three leaves infiltrated with sterile Tris buffer (10 sites per leaf). Plants were incubated in a growth chamber at 30 ± 1°C by day and 26 ± 1°C by night (12-h/12-h day/night cycle) at 80 ± 5% relative humidity. Typical symptoms of bacterial canker were observed for all assayed strains 1 week after inoculation; no symptoms were observed from negative control leaves. One month after inoculation, mean X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae populations ranging from 2 × 107 to 8 × 107 CFU/leaf lesion were recovered, which was typical of a compatible interaction (1). The origin of inoculum associated with the bacterial canker outbreak in Burkina Faso is unknown. This report documents severe infections in Burkina Faso (including premature fruit drop due to severe fruit infections) and confirms the presence of bacterial canker in western Africa. A more extensive survey for the disease should be conducted in this region. References: (1) N. Ah-You et al. Phytopathology 97:1568, 2007. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) O. Pruvost et al. Plant Dis. 95:774, 2011. (4) O. Pruvost et al. Phytopathology 101:887, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - K Vital
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Verniere
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - L Gagnevin
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - I Somda
- Institut du Développement Rural, Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, BP1091, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
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Leduc A, Vernière C, Boyer C, Vital K, Pruvost O, Niang Y, Rey JY. First Report of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Pathotype A Causing Asiatic Citrus Canker on Grapefruit and Mexican Lime in Senegal. Plant Dis 2011; 95:1311. [PMID: 30731685 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-11-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In February 2010, grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia) leaves with erumpent callus-like lesions were collected in Senegal in the Sebikotane area between Dakar and Thies. Similar symptoms have been observed by local farmers since 2008, and lesions were morphologically similar to those of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Asiatic canker) and X. citri pv. aurantifolii (South American canker). Lesions were primarily reported from grapefruit (cv. Shambar), which is the most frequent citrus species produced in this area, and Mexican lime, which is also commonly grown. Both species are very susceptible to X. citri pv. citri pathotype A, and Mexican lime is susceptible to X. citri pv. citri pathotype A* and X. citri pv. aurantifolii (4). Fifteen Xanthomonas-like strains were isolated from disease samples using KC semiselective medium (3). PCR with primer pair 4/7 (2) revealed that all the Senegalese strains and the X. citri pv. citri strain CFBP 2525 from New Zealand, used as a positive control, generated the expected DNA fragment, whereas no fragment was observed for negative controls (distilled water instead of the template). Insertion sequence ligation-mediated (IS-LM)-PCR analysis (1) of X. citri pv. citri strains from Senegal and reference strains of X. citri pv. citri pathotypes A and A* (1), with MspI and four primer pairs (unlabelled MspI primer and four 5'-labelled insertion sequence-specific primers targeting three IS elements), indicated that the strains from Senegal were related to X. citri pv. citri but not to pv. aurantifolii. They were closely related to X. citri pv. citri pathotype A strains, with a broad host range, present in the Indian subcontinent and Mali (C. Vernière, unpublished data). Multilocus sequence analysis of four partial housekeeping gene sequences (atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB) confirmed that four Senegalese strains were not related to X. citri pv. aurantifolii and showed a full sequence identity to X. citri pv. citri sequence type ST3 (2), fully consistent with IS-LM-PCR. Using a detached leaf assay (4), Duncan grapefruit, Pineapple sweet orange, and Mexican lime leaves inoculated with all strains from Senegal developed typical erumpent, callus-like tissue at wound sites 2 weeks after the inoculations. Xanthomonas-like colonies were reisolated and PCR amplification with the primer pair 4/7 produced the same 468-nt DNA fragment. This represents the fourth outbreak of citrus canker reported from Africa within the last 5 years, the other documented reports were from Ethiopia (2007) and Mali and Somalia (2008). High disease prevalence was observed in Senegal with incidence exceeding 90% in the orchards where lime and grapefruit were infected for 3 years, indicating the suitability of environmental conditions in this region for the development of Asiatic citrus canker. The origin of the inoculum associated with the reported canker outbreak in Senegal is currently unknown and the precise distribution of the pathogen needs to be thoroughly assessed. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of the presence of Asiatic citrus canker in Senegal and this occurrence increases the threat to citriculture in West Africa. References: (1) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 288:33, 2008. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005. (4) C. Vernière et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 104:477, 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leduc
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Vernière
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - K Vital
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | | | - J Y Rey
- CIRAD-ISRA, UPR Hortsys, Thies, Senegal
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Lovis C, Ball M, Boyer C, Elkin PL, Ishikawa K, Jaffe C, March A, Marin H, Mykkänen J, Rienhoff O, Silva J, Sittig DF, Talmon J. Hospital and health information systems - Current perspectives. Contribution of the IMIA Health Information Systems Working Group. Yearb Med Inform 2011. [PMID: 21938328 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1638741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To celebrate over 30 years of health information systems' (HIS) evolution by bringing together pioneers in the field, members of the next generation of leaders, and government officials from several developing nations in Africa to discuss the past, present, and future of HISs. METHODS Participants gathered in Le Franschhoek, South Africa for a 2 1/2 day working conference consisting of scientific presentations followed by several concurrent breakout sessions. A small writing group prepared draft statements representing their positions on various topics of discussion which were circulated and revised by the entire group. RESULTS Many new tools, techniques and technologies were described and discussed in great detail. Interestingly, all of the key themes identified in the first HIS meeting held over 30 years ago are still of vital importance today: Patient Centered design, Clinical User Support, Real-time Education, Human-computer Factors and Measuring Clinical User Performance, Meaningful use. CONCLUSIONS As we continue to work to develop next-generation HISs, we must remember the lessons of the past as we strive to develop the solutions for tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lovis
- University IMIA Health Information Systems Working Group Chair, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Boyer C. Consumer Informatics:. Yearb Med Inform 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1638753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryTo explore how the Internet is being used as a source of information, but also as a source of consumption in certain health-related fields. Determine the negative and positive impacts of this trend, depending on the topic or quality standards of websites.Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2011.Six papers from international peer reviewed journals have been selected for the section on health information systems.The articles selected discuss issues of major concern for online health information seekers, because of their positive or negative impact on health outputs.
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Boyer C, Pollack L, Shafer MA. P2-S9.04 Condom non-use is associated with low perception of risk for STIs in young sexually active women. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pruvost O, Boyer C, Vital K, Verniere C, Gagnevin L, de Bruno Austin L, Rey JY. First Report in Ghana of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae Causing Mango Bacterial Canker on Mangifera indica. Plant Dis 2011; 95:774. [PMID: 30731917 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-11-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker of mango (or bacterial black spot), caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae, is an economically important disease in tropical and subtropical producing areas (1). X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae can cause severe infection in a wide range of mango cultivars and induces raised, angular, black leaf lesions, sometimes with a chlorotic halo. Several months after infection, leaf lesions dry and turn light brown or ash gray. Severe leaf infection may result in abscission. Fruit symptoms appear as small water-soaked spots on the lenticels. These spots later become star shaped, erumpent, and exude an infectious gum. Often, a "tear stain" infection pattern is observed on the fruit. Severe fruit infections will cause premature fruit drop. Twig cankers are potential sources of inoculum and weaken resistance of branches to wind damage. Leaf lesions with suspected bacterial canker were collected in January 2010 from mango trees cv. Keitt in several blocks at the Integrated Tamale Fruit Company, Ghana. Non-pigmented Xanthomonas-like bacterial colonies were isolated on Kasugamycin-Cephalexin semiselective agar medium (3). On the basis of IS1595-Ligation Mediated-PCR data, 16 strains from Ghana produced identical fingerprints and were identified as X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae (4). The haplotype corresponding to the Ghanaian strains had not been previously reported. On the basis of multidimensional scaling (4), this haplotype clustered together with a group of strains from multiple origins and the analysis was not informative as an aid for tracing back the outbreak. Five Ghanaian strains (LH2-3, LH2-6, LH2-8, LH2-11, and LH2-15) were compared by multilocus sequence analysis to the type strain of X. citri and the pathotype strain of several X. citri pathovars, including pvs. anacardii and mangiferaeindicae. This assay targeted the atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB genes as described previously (2). Nucleotide sequences were 100% identical to those of the pathotype strain of X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae whatever the gene assayed, but differed from any other assayed X. citri pathovar. Mango cv. Maison Rouge leaves from the youngest vegetative flush were infiltrated (10 inoculation sites per leaf, three replicate plants) using inoculum of each of the same five Ghanaian strains made from suspensions in Tris buffer containing ~1 × 105 CFU/ml. Negative control treatments consisted of leaves infiltrated with sterile Tris buffer. Typical symptoms of bacterial canker were observed for all assayed strains a week after inoculation. No lesions were recorded from the negative control. One month after inoculation, mean X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae population sizes ranging from 4 × 107 to 1 × 108 CFU/lesion were recovered from leaf lesions, typical of a compatible interaction (1). High disease prevalence was observed in Ghana, indicating the suitability of environmental conditions in this region for the development of mango bacterial canker. The budwood for these blocks was imported from Burkina Faso in 2002 and symptoms were observed in these blocks shortly after establishment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mango bacterial canker in Western Africa. References: (1) N. Ah-You et al. Phytopathology 97:1568, 2007. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005. (4) O. Pruvost et al. Phytopathology. Online publication. DOI:10.1094/PHYTO-11-10-0304, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pruvost
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Boyer
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - K Vital
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - C Verniere
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - L Gagnevin
- CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, F-97410 France
| | - L de Bruno Austin
- Integrated Tamale Fruit Company, Gushie on Tamale Bolgatanga Trunk Road Northern Region, Ghana
| | - J Y Rey
- CIRAD, UPR HORTSYS, BP 484, Thies Escale, Senegal
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