1
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Michalski C, Cheung C, Oh JH, Ackermann E, Popescu CR, Archambault AS, Prusinkiewicz MA, Da Silva R, Majdoubi A, Viñeta Paramo M, Xu RY, Reicherz F, Patterson AE, Golding L, Sharma AA, Lim CJ, Orban PC, Klein Geltink RI, Lavoie PM. DDIT4L regulates mitochondrial and innate immune activities in early life. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172312. [PMID: 38319716 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptor responses are profoundly attenuated before the third trimester of gestation in the relatively low-oxygen human fetal environment. However, the mechanisms regulating these responses are uncharacterized. Herein, genome-wide transcription and functional metabolic experiments in primary neonatal monocytes linked the negative mTOR regulator DDIT4L to metabolic stress, cellular bioenergetics, and innate immune activity. Using genetically engineered monocytic U937 cells, we confirmed that DDIT4L overexpression altered mitochondrial dynamics, suppressing their activity, and blunted LPS-induced cytokine responses. We also showed that monocyte mitochondrial function is more restrictive in earlier gestation, resembling the phenotype of DDIT4L-overexpressing U937 cells. Gene expression analyses in neonatal granulocytes and lung macrophages in preterm infants confirmed upregulation of the DDIT4L gene in the early postnatal period and also suggested a potential protective role against inflammation-associated chronic neonatal lung disease. Taken together, these data show that DDIT4L regulates mitochondrial activity and provide what we believe to be the first direct evidence for its potential role supressing innate immune activity in myeloid cells during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalski
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Claire Cheung
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Ju Hee Oh
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emma Ackermann
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Constantin R Popescu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Archambault
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin A Prusinkiewicz
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Rachel Da Silva
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Marina Viñeta Paramo
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women+ and Children's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rui Yang Xu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women+ and Children's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frederic Reicherz
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Annette E Patterson
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liam Golding
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Women+ and Children's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashish A Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chinten J Lim
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Paul C Orban
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Women+ and Children's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Michalski C, Wen Z. Leveraging iPSC technology to assess neuro-immune interactions in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1291115. [PMID: 38025464 PMCID: PMC10672983 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between the immune and the nervous system is essential for human brain development and homeostasis. Disruption of this intricately regulated crosstalk can lead to neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, or neurodegenerative disorders. While animal models have been essential in characterizing the role of neuroimmunity in development and disease, they come with inherent limitations due to species specific differences, particularly with regard to microglia, the major subset of brain resident immune cells. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology now allows the development of clinically relevant models of the central nervous system that adequately reflect human genetic architecture. This article will review recent publications that have leveraged iPSC technology to assess neuro-immune interactions. First, we will discuss the role of environmental stressors such as neurotropic viruses or pro-inflammatory cytokines on neuronal and glial function. Next, we will review how iPSC models can be used to study genetic risk factors in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Lastly, we will evaluate current challenges and future potential for iPSC models in the field of neuroimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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3
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Abu-Raya B, Reicherz F, Michalski C, Viñeta Paramo M, Majdoubi A, Golding L, Granoski M, Stojic A, Marchant DJ, Lavoie PM. Loss of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibody Functions During the Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic Mitigation Measures. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2023; 12:piad099. [PMID: 37948599 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have linked respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibody-mediated phagocytosis and complement deposition to severe RSV infection in humans. This study shows waning of these antibody functions in women of childbearing age in 2020-2021 during the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures, in absence of RSV circulation. These functions could be explored as correlates of protection against severe RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frederic Reicherz
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Christina Michalski
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marina Viñeta Paramo
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liam Golding
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Madison Granoski
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stojic
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David J Marchant
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Reicherz F, Xu RY, Abu-Raya B, Majdoubi A, Michalski C, Golding L, Stojic A, Vineta M, Granoski M, Cieslak Z, Chacko A, Desai N, Sekirov I, Marchant DJ, Lavoie PM. Waning Immunity Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:2064-2068. [PMID: 35524952 PMCID: PMC9129162 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Health jurisdictions have seen a near-disappearance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Over this corresponding period, we report a reduction in RSV antibody levels and live virus neutralization in sera from women of childbearing age and infants between May to June 2020 and February to June 2021, in British Columbia (BC), Canada. This supports that antibody immunity against RSV is relatively short-lived and that maintaining optimal antibody levels in infants requires repeated maternal viral exposure. Waning immunity may explain the interseasonal resurgence of RSV cases observed in BC and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Reicherz
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Alternate corresponding author: Dr. Reicherz, same address, at:
| | - Rui Yang Xu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bahaa Abu-Raya
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christina Michalski
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liam Golding
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stojic
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Marina Vineta
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Madison Granoski
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Neil Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Canada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David J. Marchant
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Corresponding author: Dr. Pascal M. Lavoie BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute 4th Floor, Translational Research Building, 950 West 28th Avenue Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada ; Fax: +1-604-875-3106
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5
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Sharma M, Liu Y, James A, Michalski C, Del Bel K, Lu H, Sharma A, Modi B, Rehmus W, Lavoie P, McKinnon M, Bayer D, Lyons J, Turvey S. A novel autosomal recessive primary atopic disorder associated with loss-of-function variants in OSMR. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Majdoubi A, Michalski C, O'Connell SE, Dada S, Narpala S, Gelinas J, Mehta D, Cheung C, Winkler DF, Basappa M, Liu AC, Görges M, Barakauskas VE, Irvine M, Mehalko J, Esposito D, Sekirov I, Jassem AN, Goldfarb DM, Pelech S, Douek DC, McDermott AB, Lavoie PM. A majority of uninfected adults show preexisting antibody reactivity against SARS-CoV-2. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146316. [PMID: 33720905 PMCID: PMC8119195 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preexisting cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 occurs in the absence of prior viral exposure. However, this has been difficult to quantify at the population level due to a lack of reliably defined seroreactivity thresholds. Using an orthogonal antibody testing approach, we estimated that about 0.6% of nontriaged adults from the greater Vancouver, Canada, area between May 17 and June 19, 2020, showed clear evidence of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, after adjusting for false-positive and false-negative test results. Using a highly sensitive multiplex assay and positive/negative thresholds established in infants in whom maternal antibodies have waned, we determined that more than 90% of uninfected adults showed antibody reactivity against the spike protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain (NTD), or the nucleocapsid (N) protein from SARS-CoV-2. This seroreactivity was evenly distributed across age and sex, correlated with circulating coronaviruses' reactivity, and was partially outcompeted by soluble circulating coronaviruses' spike. Using a custom SARS-CoV-2 peptide mapping array, we found that this antibody reactivity broadly mapped to spike and to conserved nonstructural viral proteins. We conclude that most adults display preexisting antibody cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2, which further supports investigation of how this may impact the clinical severity of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christina Michalski
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah E O'Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Dada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean Gelinas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surrey Memorial Hospital (SMH), Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Disha Mehta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surrey Memorial Hospital (SMH), Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claire Cheung
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dirk Fh Winkler
- Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manjula Basappa
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron C Liu
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Matthias Görges
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vilte E Barakauskas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mike Irvine
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Mehalko
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agatha N Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David M Goldfarb
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Steven Pelech
- Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Majdoubi A, Michalski C, O'Connell SE, Dada S, Narpala S, Gelinas J, Mehta D, Cheung C, Basappa M, Liu AC, Gorges M, Barakauskas VE, Mehalko J, Esposito D, Sekirov I, Jassem AN, Goldfarb DM, Douek DC, McDermott AB, Lavoie PM. Antibody reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 is common in unexposed adults and infants under 6 months. medRxiv 2020:2020.10.05.20206664. [PMID: 33052362 PMCID: PMC7553187 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.05.20206664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-existing antibody reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed people is a potentially important consideration for COVID-19 severity and vaccine responses. However, it has been difficult to quantify due to a lack of reliable defined background titers in unexposed individuals. METHODS We measured IgG against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens, SARS-CoV and other circulating coronavirus spike proteins using a highly sensitive multiplex assay, and total SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies (IgG/M/A) using a commercial CLIA assay in 276 adults from the Vancouver area, Canada between May 17th and June 19th 2020. Reactivity threshold in unexposed individuals were defined comparing to pre-pandemic sera and to sera from infants under 6 months of age. RESULTS The seroprevalence from a SARS-CoV-2 exposure, adjusted for false-positive and false-negative test results, was 0.60% in our adult cohort. High antibody reactivity to circulating endemic coronaviruses was observed in all adults and was about 10-fold lower in infants under 6 months. Consistent with a waning of maternal antibodies, reactivity in infants decreased more than 50-fold eight months later. SARS-CoV-2 Spike, RBD, NTD or nucleocapsid antibody reactivity >100-fold above that of older infants was detected in the vast majority of unexposed adults and pre-pandemic sera. This antibody reactivity correlated with titers against circulating coronaviruses, but not with age, sex, or whether adults were healthcare workers. CONCLUSION A majority of unexposed adults have pre-existing antibody reactivity against SARS-CoV-2. The lack of similar antibody reactivity in infants where maternal antibodies have waned suggests that this cross-reactivity is acquired, likely from repeated exposures to circulating coronaviruses.
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Abstract
The risk and severity of specific infections are increased during pregnancy due to a combination of physiological and immunological changes. Characterizing the maternal immune system during pregnancy is important to understand how the maternal immune system maintains tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus. This may also inform strategies to prevent maternal fatalities due to infections and optimize maternal vaccination to best protect the mother-fetus dyad and the infant after birth. In this review, we describe what is known about the immunological changes that occur during a normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Michalski
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Sage M, See W, Nault S, Morin C, Michalski C, Chabot B, Marouan S, Lavoie PM, Micheau P, Praud JP, Fortin-Pellerin É. Effect of Low Versus High Tidal-Volume Total Liquid Ventilation on Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:603. [PMID: 32625110 PMCID: PMC7315809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal experiments suggest that total liquid ventilation (TLV) induces less ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) than conventional mechanical gas ventilation. However, TLV parameters that optimally minimize VILI in newborns remain unknown. Our objective was to compare lung inflammation between low (L-VT) and high (H-VT) liquid tidal volume and evaluate impacts on the weaning process. Sixteen anesthetized and paralyzed newborn lambs were randomized in an L-VT group (initial tidal volume of 10 mL/kg at 10/min) and an H-VT group (initial tidal volume of 20 mL/kg at 5/min). Five unventilated newborn lambs served as controls. After 4 h of TLV in the supine position, the lambs were weaned in the prone position for another 4 h. The levels of respiratory support needed during the 4 h post-TLV were compared. The anterior and posterior lung regions were assessed by a histological score and real-time quantitative PCR for IL1B, IL6, and TNF plus 12 other exploratory VILI-associated genes. All but one lamb were successfully extubated within 2 h post-TLV (72 ± 26 min vs. 63 ± 25 min, p = 0.5) with similar FiO2 at 4 h post-TLV (27 ± 6% vs. 33 ± 7%, p = 0.3) between the L-VT and H-VT lambs. No significant differences were measured in histological inflammation scores between L-VT and H-VT lambs, although lambs in both groups exhibited slightly higher scores than the control lambs. The L-VT group displayed higher IL1B mRNA expression than the H-VT group in both anterior (2.8 ± 1.5-fold increase vs. 1.3 ± 0.4-fold increase, p = 0.02) and posterior lung regions (3.0 ± 1.0-fold change increase vs. 1.1 ± 0.3-fold increase, p = 0.002), respectively. No significant differences were found in IL6 and TNF expression levels. Gene expression changes overall indicated that L-VT was associated with a qualitatively distinct inflammatory gene expression profiles compared to H-VT, which may indicate different clinical effects. In light of these findings, further mechanistic studies are warranted. In conclusion, we found no advantage of lower tidal volume use, which was in fact associated with a slightly unfavorable pattern of inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Sage
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy See
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Nault
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Morin
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Michalski
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Department of Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philippe Micheau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Praud
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Fortin-Pellerin
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Kulu Y, Fathi P, Golriz M, Khajeh E, Sabagh M, Ghamarnejad O, Mieth M, Ulrich A, Hackert T, Müller-Stich B, Strobel O, Michalski C, Morath C, Zeier M, Büchler M, Mehrabi A. Impact of Surgeon's Experience on Vascular and Haemorrhagic Complications After Kidney Transplantation. J Vasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Michalski C, Bal F, Burnouf T, Goudemand M. Large-Scale Production and Properties of a
Solvent-Detergent-Treated Factor IX Concentrate from
Human Plasma. Vox Sang 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000461875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Newborns are prone to fungal infections, largely due to Candida species. The immunological basis for this vulnerability is not yet fully understood. However, useful insights can be gained from the knowledge of the maturation of immune pathways during ontogeny, particularly when placed in context with how rare genetic mutations in humans predispose to fungal diseases. In this article, we review these most current data on immune functions in human newborns, highlighting pathways most relevant to the response to Candida. While discussing these data, we propose a framework of why deficiencies in these pathways make newborns particularly vulnerable to this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalski
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernard Kan
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Späth C, Nitsche U, Müller T, Michalski C, Erkan M, Kong B, Kleeff J. Strategies to improve the outcome in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. MINERVA CHIR 2015; 70:97-106. [PMID: 25658301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is associated with the worst prognosis of all gastrointestinal malignancies. The major reasons for the dismal outcome are late diagnosis due to unspecific symptoms and aggressive tumor biology. Although highly effective chemotherapeutic options have emerged within the last decade, radical resection offers the only chance of cure. Only 10-20% of patients are resectable at presentation, and 30-40% present with borderline resectable or locally advanced/unresectable tumors. Even if resectable, the 5-year-survival rate after complete resections remains unsatisfactory, with less than 25%. This article gives an overview on current therapy standards as well as on new approaches especially for locally advanced tumors and outlines the importance of ongoing research to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Späth
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany -
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Kowalzick L, Schilling O, Schaarschmidt E, Mamada A, Michalski C, Pönnighaus JM. Gutes Ansprechen eines therapierefraktären metastasierten Malignen Melanoms auf palliative Immuntherapie mit Ipilimumab. Akt Dermatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kowalzick
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten und Allergologie, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen GmbH
| | - O. Schilling
- Radiologische Klinik, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen GmbH
| | - E. Schaarschmidt
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen GmbH
| | - A. Mamada
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten und Allergologie, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen GmbH
| | - C. Michalski
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten und Allergologie, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen GmbH
| | - J.-M. Pönnighaus
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten und Allergologie, HELIOS Vogtland-Klinikum Plauen GmbH
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Samor B, Michalski C, Brandin MP, Andre MH, Chtourou S, Tellier Z. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of von Willebrand factor contained in a very high-purity plasma-derived FVIII concentrate. Vox Sang 2012; 103:35-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Michalski C, Halangk W, Werner J, Michl P, Ellenrieder V, Friess H, Kleeff J. Kongressnachlese – Deutscher Pankreasclub 2010. Zentralbl Chir 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1271556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Torre S, Michalski C, Belgaïd A, Dufour D, Paon JC, Le Roux P. [Neonates in the pediatric emergency room. An epidemiological study]. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13 Suppl 1:S69-72. [PMID: 17370400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Torre
- Service des urgences pédiatrique, groupe hospitalier, 55 bis, rue Gustave-Flaubert, 76600 Le Havre, France
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Mizon C, Héron A, Capon C, Sautiere P, Michalski C, Sesboüé R, Mizon J. Human pre-alpha-inhibitor: isolation from a by-product of industrial scale plasma fractionation and structural analysis of its H3 heavy chain. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 692:281-91. [PMID: 9188816 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-alpha-inhibitor (P alpha I) is a serine proteinase inhibitor from human plasma. It comprises bikunin (BK) responsible for antiprotease activity, covalently linked to a heavy chain H3. Here we describe its isolation from a side fraction of an industrial preparation of plasma clotting factors. By using a highly specific polyclonal antiserum prepared from rabbit immunized with a H3P polypeptide obtained in a bacterial expression system, we were able to identify the fractions containing P alpha I. Then, taking advantage of the differential affinity of the members of the inter-alpha-inhibitor family (I alpha I) for heparin-Sepharose and blue-Sepharose, we isolated P alpha I. Its specific antitryptic activity was 580 IU/g, higher than that of I alpha I: 420 IU/g. Its M(r), determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with or without prior reduction, was 130,000. Its peptide chains were identified by N-terminal sequencing. The H3 heavy chain was isolated from P alpha I by alkaline dissociation and anion-exchange chromatography. Its electrophoretic mobility was compared to that of the HI and H2 heavy chains of I alpha I. In reducing conditions, it was quite similar to that of H2 (M(r) 85,000) but clearly different from that of H1 (M[r] 78,000). Thus, the so-determined apparent M(r) of H3 was overestimated since its molecular mass determined by MALDI-TOF was 74,100. This result agrees with the proposed structure for H3. Indeed, by carbohydrate analysis and PNGase F digestion, we demonstrate that the two potential N-glycosylation sites present in the core-protein (theoretical mass: 69,454) are really occupied by two N-glycans, probably of biantennary type.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mizon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie (DRED E.A. 1052), Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
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Mizon C, Balduyck M, Albani D, Michalski C, Burnouf T, Mizon J. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human plasma inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) using specific antibodies against each of the H1 and H2 heavy chains. J Immunol Methods 1996; 190:61-70. [PMID: 8601712 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(95)00257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) is a serine-proteinase inhibitor of human plasma enzymes. ITI is composed of three polypeptide chains covalently linked: bikunin, responsible for the antiprotease activity and two heavy chains H1 and H2. Human plasma also contains other components immunologically related to ITI such as pre-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (paI), inter-alpha-like inhibitor (IalphaLI) and free bikunin. The ELISA procedure we propose exclusively measures native ITI within the range 12.5-200 microgram/l. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were less than 5.6% and 8.7%, respectively. When ITI was added to plasma samples, full recovery was obtained. EDTA-plasma from 30 healthy individuals revealed a mean level of 241.5 mg/l (range 145.5-506). The high specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy of the present assay should facilitate the specific measurement of native ITI in blood and thus might represent a useful tool for further physiopathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mizon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Lille, France
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Michalski C, Piva F, Balduyck M, Mizon C, Burnouf T, Huart JJ, Mizon J. Preparation and properties of a therapeutic inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor concentrate from human plasma. Vox Sang 1994; 67:329-36. [PMID: 7535497 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb01269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) is a serine protease inhibitor found in human plasma. Its antiprotease activity is due to bikunin which is effective in various types of experimental shock and pancreatitis. Therefore ITI, which releases bikunin by proteolytic cleavage, could be of therapeutic interest. A method for the large-scale isolation of ITI from human plasma is described. ITI was purified from the prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) by diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose fast-flow chromatography followed by a chromatographic step on immobilized heparin designed to remove C4, factor X and protein C. With this procedure, which was performed under mild conditions, a homogeneous preparation of native ITI was obtained, as demonstrated by electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses. ITI maintained its biological activity, as exhibited by its specific antitryptic activity of 420 +/- 65 IU/g. In order to decrease or eliminate the risk of transmission of viral disease due to lipid-enveloped viruses, the process incorporated a solvent-detergent treatment. Animal studies on the final product revealed no adverse side-effects in terms of toxicity, thrombogenicity or hypotension. This preparation appears suitable for therapeutic evaluation in animal experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michalski
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
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Morelle W, Capon C, Balduyck M, Sautiere P, Kouach M, Michalski C, Fournet B, Mizon J. Chondroitin sulphate covalently cross-links the three polypeptide chains of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. Eur J Biochem 1994; 221:881-8. [PMID: 7513643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) is a tight complex of three different proteins: bikunin and two heavy chains H1 and H2. In order to demonstrate that the three chains are covalently linked by a chondroitin sulphate chain as previously proposed [Enghild, J. J., Salvesen, G., Hefta, S. A., Thogersen, I. B., Rutherford, S. and Pizzo, S. V. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 747-751], ITI was extensively digested with thermolysin and the glycosaminoglycan-containing fragment was isolated from the digest by ion-exchange chromatography. Its peptide structural determination and mass spectrometry analysis both provide evidence that the different peptide chains constituting ITI are associated by the new cross-link described as the protein-glycosaminoglycan-protein cross-link.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Morelle
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
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Balduyck M, Piva F, Mizon C, Maes P, Malki N, Gressier B, Michalski C, Mizon J. Human leucocyte elastase (HLE) preferentially cleaves the heavy chain H2 of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI). Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 1993; 374:895-901. [PMID: 7505589 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1993.374.7-12.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) is a complex protein containing two heavy polypeptide chains (H1 and H2) and a light chain, which in the free state is known as bikunin. In vitro cleavage of ITI with different proteases releases bikunin, but does not abolish the antitryptic activity. To study the mechanism of bikunin release, ITI was incubated with human leucocyte elastase (HLE). The resulting ITI fragments were characterized by (i) their electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior. (ii) their immunological reactivity towards antibodies specific for each of the heavy chains H1 and H2, and (iii) their N-terminal sequences. Our results demonstrate that the H2 heavy chain of ITI is particularly sensitive to HLE, and that early cleavage products (M(r)-values 120-150,000) consist of H1 linked to bikunin. A scheme is proposed for the mechanism for ITI degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balduyck
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille
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Regnault V, Droulle C, Houbouyan L, Michalski C, Vergnes C, Briquel ME, Delattre H, Potron G, Boisseau M, Alexandre P. Interlaboratory evaluation of methods for the assay of Protein C in purified concentrates. J Int Fed Clin Chem 1993; 5:106-11. [PMID: 10146222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the quantity and activity of the Protein C molecule is of the utmost importance in highly purified concentrates prepared for replacement therapy. A multicenter study was undertaken to evaluate the comparability and accuracy of Protein C assays from commercial sources. Significant between-assay and interlaboratory differences were found for both functional and immunological assays. The interlaboratory variability is explained in part by the use of different control plasmas. The results also indicate the importance of the diluent used. This study emphasizes the need for standardized methods for determining the characteristics of Protein C concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Regnault
- INSERM, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cédex, France
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Burnouf T, Michalski C, Goudemand M, Huart JJ. Properties of a highly purified human plasma factor IX:c therapeutic concentrate prepared by conventional chromatography. Vox Sang 1989; 57:225-32. [PMID: 2617959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1989.tb00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized a highly purified (HP) factor IX concentrate intended for therapy of hemophilia B. The product has been prepared from pooled human plasma using a large-scale procedure combining three conventional chromatographic steps based on DEAE ion exchange and affinity on immobilized heparin. The specific activity of the product was 119 +/- 10 IU factor IX:c/mg protein (n = 15), corresponding to a purification factor of about 9,000. The concentrate was free of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII and X and of proteins C and S. Most of the contaminants found in factor IX complex concentrate (PCC) were absent in this new product. High-molecular-weight kininogen, factors VIII, XI, XII or prekallikrein were not detected. There were no activated factors, such as factors IXa, and Xa, no thrombin and no phospholipids. Only two contaminants could be detected: C4 and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (about 0.8 and 1.2 mg/1,000 IU factor IX:c, respectively). The purity of the product, as compared to PCC, was confirmed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, Grabar-Williams immunoelectrophoresis, and bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Thrombogenicity tests in rabbits revealed that the HP factor IX tested had a lower thrombogenic power than the PCC tested. The concentrate has been subjected to a 0.3% tri(n-butyl) phosphate-1% Tween 80 treatment for 6h at 25 degrees C during its production to reduce or eliminate the risk of transmission of plasma-borne lipid-enveloped viruses. These conditions inactivated more than 3.8 log10 of vesicular stomatitis virus and more than 4.3 log10 of sindbis virus within 1 and 2 h of treatment, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Burnouf
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine de Lille, France
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Burnouf T, Michalski C, Goudemand M, Huart J. Properties of a Highly Purified Human Plasma Factor IX:c
Therapeutic Concentrate Prepared by Conventional Chromatography. Vox Sang 1989. [DOI: 10.1159/000461052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
A human solvent-detergent (SD)-treated factor IX concentrate has been produced from cryoprecipitate-poor plasma using DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and heparin-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The DEAE eluate was incubated with an SD mixture [0.3% tri(n-butyl) phosphate-1% Tween 80, 6-h at 24 degrees C] which was found to inactivate, in less than 1 h, more than 3.8 log10 of vesicular stomatitis virus and more than 4.8 log10 of Sindbis virus; the SD was removed by a subsequent heparin adsorption step. The specific activity of the concentrate was 10.9 +/- 1.3 IU factor IX: c/mg protein (n = 15). The factor IX coagulant to antigen ratio was 0.7 +/- 0.1. The concentrate was essentially free of factors II, VII and X, and protein C. The usual major contaminants of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) were absent: the concentrate contained about 94% alpha-1 proteins, and only 4 major proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE (respective apparent molecular weight: 130, 86, 76 and 69 kilodaltons), and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against an anti-PCC serum. The nonactivated partial thromboplastin time was equivalent to that of PCC; the product was devoid of factor IXa, of other activated procoagulant factors and of coagulant-active phospholipids (removed with SD in the heparin breakthrough fraction). Animal studies using the Wessler test and acute-toxicity test in rabbits revealed no adverse side effects. SD treatment could thus be used to inactivate viruses in factor IX concentrate and improve the safety of replacement therapy in hemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michalski
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine de Lille, France
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Engel WD, Michalski C, von Jagow G. Reconstitution of the ubiquinol: cytochrome c reductase from a bc1 subcomplex and the 'Rieske' iron-sulfur protein isolated by a new method. Eur J Biochem 1983; 132:395-407. [PMID: 6301832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1. A method for preparing the 'Rieske' iron-sulfur protein and the bc1 subcomplex of complex III was developed. The new method is advantageous over the published ones in that: (a) the final yield and amount exceeds by far those obtained when employing the hitherto published methods; (b) the iron-sulfur protein as well as the bc1 subcomplex are obtained by one and the same preparation procedure from a common source; and (c) the preparation method is easier than the published ones. 2. The iron-sulfur protein obtained represents the first reconstitutively active preparation present in a monodisperse state. 3. The reconstitution of the ubiquinol:cytochrome c reductase from the two components is a reversible dissociation process. Full activity of ubiquinol:cytochrome c reductase is reached after saturation of the binding site of the bc1 subcomplex for iron-sulfur protein. 4. Full reduction of the constituent cytochrome c1 of the bc1 subcomplex can already be obtained with substoichiometric amounts of iron-sulfur protein, however. 5. The question might be raised whether the observed dissociation equilibrium represents merely a phenomenon occurring specifically with the proteins isolated in Triton X-100 and investigated in a Triton-containing buffer, or whether dissociation of the iron-sulfur protein also takes place in the mitochondrial membrane in the course of the electron-transfer reaction sequence.
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