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Nikoloudis A, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Aichinger C, Binder M, Hasengruber P, Kaynak E, Wipplinger D, Milanov R, Strassl I, Stiefel O, Machherndl-Spandl S, Petzer A, Weltermann A, Clausen J. Impact of early cyclosporine A levels on acute graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using in vivo T-cell depletion. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:490-497. [PMID: 38385908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cyclosporin A (CsA) remains a major component of immunosuppressive regimens applied in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The impact of CsA trough levels during the first weeks after HSCT has not yet been investigated specifically in anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG)-based HSCT from matched related and unrelated donors. METHODS To address this issue, we have retrospectively examined 307 consecutive matched related (n = 145) and unrelated (n = 162) HSCTs, using peripheral blood stem cells or bone marrow. HSCTs for active, uncontrolled malignancies were excluded. The initial three weeks' average mean CsA trough levels were analyzed in landmark and multi-state models, using a cut-off of 200 ng/mL. RESULTS CsA levels >200 ng/mL were associated with a reduced risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade 3-4 at the first-week landmark (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.59, P = 0.03) and the second-week landmark (SHR 0.48, P = 0.004), whereas there was no impact at the third-week landmark (HR 0.87, P = 0.69). This was supported by a multi-state model, in which week 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, P = 0.006) and week 2 (HR 0.48, P = 0.003), but not week 3 (HR 0.80, P = 0.44) CsA levels >200 ng/mL were associated with a reduced acute GVHD 3-4 risk. Relapse incidence was not significantly affected by week 1 through 3 CsA levels. Despite ATLG's inherent GVHD-preventive properties, week 1 CsA trough levels >200 ng/mL following ATLG-based HSCT (n = 220) were associated with a significantly reduced risk of non-relapse mortality (SHR 0.52, P = 0.02) and improved overall survival (HR 0.61, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the continuing importance of ensuring CsA levels ≥200 ng/mL immediately post-transplant in the setting of ATLG-based HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikoloudis
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
| | - Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Aichinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Michaela Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Petra Hasengruber
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Emine Kaynak
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Wipplinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Robert Milanov
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Irene Strassl
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Olga Stiefel
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Ansgar Weltermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Clausen
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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Strassl I, Nikoloudis A, Machherndl-Spandl S, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Binder M, Wipplinger D, Stiefel O, Kaynak E, Milanov R, Aichinger C, Nocker S, Bauer T, Kreissl S, Girschikofsky M, Petzer A, Weltermann A, Clausen J. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: Risk Factors and Outcomes in the Era of New Therapeutic Options-A Single-Center Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5738. [PMID: 38136284 PMCID: PMC10742138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite major treatment advances, multiple myeloma remains incurable. The outcome of patients who are refractory to immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies is poor, and improved treatment strategies for this difficult-to-treat patient population are an unmet medical need. METHODS This retrospective, unicentric analysis included 38 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma or plasma cell leukemia who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) between 2013 and 2022. Survival outcomes, relapse incidence, and non-relapse mortality were calculated according to remission status, date of allo-HSCT, cytogenetic risk status, timing, and number of previous autologous HSCTs. RESULTS The median PFS was 13.6 months (95% CI, 7.7-30.4) and the median OS was 51.4 months (95% CI, 23.5-NA) in the overall cohort. The cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was 57%, and non-relapse mortality was 16%. The median PFS and OS were significantly longer in patients with very good partial remission (VGPR) or better compared to patients with less than VGPR at the time of allo-HSCT (mPFS 29.7 months (95% CI, 13.7-NA) vs. 6.5 months (95% CI, 2.6-17.0); p = 0.009 and mOS not reached vs. 18.6 months (95% CI, 7.0-NA); p = 0.006). CONCLUSION For selected patients, allo-HSCT may result in favorable overall survival, in part by providing an appropriate hemato-immunological basis for subsequent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Strassl
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Nikoloudis
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Michaela Binder
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Dagmar Wipplinger
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Olga Stiefel
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Emine Kaynak
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Robert Milanov
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Christoph Aichinger
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Stefanie Nocker
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauer
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Kreissl
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Michael Girschikofsky
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Andreas Petzer
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ansgar Weltermann
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Clausen
- Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.N.); (S.M.-S.); (V.B.-A.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (E.K.); (R.M.); (C.A.); (S.N.); (T.B.); (S.K.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.W.); (J.C.)
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Nikoloudis A, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Aichinger C, Binder M, Hasengruber P, Kaynak E, Wipplinger D, Milanov R, Strassl I, Stiefel O, Machherndl-Spandl S, Petzer A, Weltermann A, Clausen J. Impact of the Recipient's Pre-Treatment Blood Lymphocyte Count on Intended and Unintended Effects of Anti-T-Lymphocyte Globulin in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Cells 2023; 12:1831. [PMID: 37508496 PMCID: PMC10378354 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), Anti-T-Lymphocyte Globulin (ATLG) may be used for the prevention of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). ATLG targets both the recipient's lymphocytes and those transferred with the graft. Assuming an inverse relation between the recipient's absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and exposure of remaining ATLG to the graft, we aim to evaluate the impact of the recipient's ALC before the first ATLG administration on the benefits (prevention of GVHD and GVHD-associated mortality) and potential risks (increased relapse incidence) associated with ATLG. Methods: In recipients of HLA-matched, ATLG-based HSCT (n = 311), we assessed the incidence of acute GVHD, GVHD-related mortality and relapse, as well as other transplant-related outcomes, in relation to the respective ALC (divided into tertiles) before ATLG. Results: The top-tertile ALC group had a significantly increased risk of aGVHD (subhazard ratio (sHR) 1.81; [CI 95%; 1.14-2.88]; p = 0.01) and aGVHD-associated mortality (sHR 1.81; [CI 95%; 1.03-3.19]; p = 0.04). At the highest ATLG dose level (≥45 mg/kg), recipients with lowest-tertile ALC had a trend towards increased relapse incidence (sHR 4.19; [CI 95%; 0.99-17.7]; p = 0.05, n = 32). Conclusions: ATLG dosing based on the recipient's ALC may be required for an optimal balance between GVHD suppression and relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nikoloudis
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Aichinger
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Michaela Binder
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Petra Hasengruber
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Emine Kaynak
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Wipplinger
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Robert Milanov
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Irene Strassl
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Olga Stiefel
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Petzer
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Ansgar Weltermann
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Clausen
- Ordensklinikum Linz-Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
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Nikoloudis A, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Aichinger C, Binder M, Hasengruber P, Kaynak E, Wipplinger D, Milanov R, Strassl I, Stiefel O, Machherndl-Spandl S, Petzer A, Weltermann A, Clausen J. Adverse impact of a high CD4/CD8 ratio in the allograft may be overcome by methotrexate- but not mycophenolate- or posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based graft versus host disease prophylaxis. Eur J Haematol 2023; 110:715-724. [PMID: 36941654 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) allografts was observed to predict graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) but has not been comparatively examined in settings of various GVHD-prophylaxis regimens. METHODS This retrospective monocentric study included all consecutive HSCT performed with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) between January 2000 and June 2021. The impact of the graft CD4/CD8 ratio was analyzed in three cohorts with different GVHD-prophylaxis platforms. RESULTS In the cyclosporine/mycophenolate-mofetil (CSA/MMF) cohort (n = 294, HLA-matched HSCT), a high (> 75th percentile) CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with increased overall mortality (HR 1.56; P=0.01), increased NRM (HR 1.85; P=0.01) and GVHD-associated mortality (HR 2.13; P=0.005). In the post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)/tacrolimus/MMF cohort (n = 113, haploidentical-related or mismatched-unrelated HSCT), a high CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with increased overall mortality (HR 2.07; P=0.04) and aGVHD3-4 (HR 2.24; P=0.02). By contrast, in the CSA/methotrexate (CSA/MTX) cohort (n = 185, HLA-matched HSCT) the CD4/CD8 ratio had no significant impact on any of the investigated endpoints. CONCLUSION A high CD4/CD8 ratio in the allograft has an adverse impact on GVHD and survival in CSA/MMF- and PTCy-based HSCT, while MTX-based prophylaxis may largely alleviate this important risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nikoloudis
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
| | - V Buxhofer-Ausch
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
| | - C Aichinger
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - M Binder
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - P Hasengruber
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - E Kaynak
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - D Wipplinger
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - R Milanov
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - I Strassl
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
| | - O Stiefel
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
| | - S Machherndl-Spandl
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
| | - A Petzer
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
| | - A Weltermann
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
| | - J Clausen
- Ordensklinikum Linz - Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I: Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria
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5
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Udovica S, Müser N, Pechlaner A, Reichinger A, Aichinger C, Strasser-Weippl K, Rumpold H, Petzer A, Wöll E, Hilbe W, Müldür E. High mortality in patients with active malignancy and severe COVID-19. memo 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12254-022-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Leuthner B, Aichinger C, Oehmen E, Koopmann E, Müller O, Müller P, Kahmann R, Bölker M, Schreier PH. A H2O2-producing glyoxal oxidase is required for filamentous growth and pathogenicity in Ustilago maydis. Mol Genet Genomics 2004; 272:639-50. [PMID: 15578222 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-004-1085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis the mating-type loci control the transition from yeast-like to filamentous growth required for pathogenic development. In a large REMI (restriction enzyme mediated integration) screen, non-pathogenic mutants were isolated in a haploid strain that had been engineered to be pathogenic. In one of these mutants, which showed a specific morphological phenotype, the tagged gene, glo1 , was found to encode a product that is highly homologous to a glyoxal oxidase gene from the wood-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Glyoxal oxidase homologues are found in human, plant pathogenic fungi and in plants, but not in other mammals or yeasts. To confirm the function of the glo1 gene, null mutations were generated in compatible haploid U. maydis strains. In crosses null mutants were unable to generate filamentous dikaryons, and were completely non-pathogenic. Using a Glo1-overproducing strain we demonstrated that Glo1 is membrane bound, oxidizes a series of small aldehydes (< C4) and produces H2O2. The enzyme needs to be activated, presumably by auto-oxidation, to show full activity. A potential role for Glo1 during filamentous growth and pathogenic development of U. maydis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leuthner
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
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7
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Aichinger C, Hansson K, Eichhorn H, Lessing F, Mannhaupt G, Mewes W, Kahmann R. Identification of plant-regulated genes in Ustilago maydis by enhancer-trapping mutagenesis. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 270:303-14. [PMID: 14523645 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Accepted: 09/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To identify plant-induced genes in the maize pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis we have developed a genetic screen that combines REMI (restriction enzyme mediated integration) mutagenesis with enhancer trapping using the gene for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as vital reporter. Of 2,350 insertion mutants isolated, three were shown to express GFP only after the fungus had come into contact with the host maize plant. One of the genes tagged was mfa1, which encodes the pheromone precursor, while the second gene, pig2, codes for a product that showed similarity to protein disulfide isomerase. The third integration event had occurred in a locus which we designated the p -locus. This locus contains 11 genes in a 24-kb stretch. Of these, pig3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 show a plant-regulated expression pattern, while the other genes found at the locus (designated npi) do not. Of the plant-regulated genes only two were found to be similar to database entries: the pig4 product is related to membrane transporters of the major facilitator family, while the pig6 protein shows similarity to multidrug transporters. Detailed expression studies revealed that the five plant-regulated genes at the p -locus differ in their expression profiles. Mutants deleted for each of them showed no apparent phenotype, while the npi1 gene appeared to be essential. A viable deletion encompassing the entire p -locus could be generated when npi1 function was provided ectopically. This deletion mutant also showed no obvious alteration in virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aichinger
- Institute for Genetics and Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Maria-Ward-Str.1a, 80638 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
In the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis, fusion of compatible haploid cells is a prerequisite for infection. This process is genetically controlled by the biallelic a locus, encoding pheromone precursors and receptors. These are presumed to be coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein and a MAP kinase cascade, leading to activation of the HMG domain transcription factor Prf1. Here, we have demonstrated that putative MAP kinase sites in Prf1 are required for its activity during mating. In addition, we have identified a gene, kpp2, which encodes a putative MAP kinase related to Pmk1 of Magnaporthe grisea and Fus3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. kpp2 deletion mutants are attenuated in several steps of development: cell fusion, induction of pheromone-responsive genes and pathogenicity. Epistasis analysis shows that kpp2 does not affect pheromone gene expression through the cAMP signalling cascade. Pathogenicity of kpp2 mutants can be partially restored by overexpressing the b genes, indicating a regulation of Prf1 by Kpp2. These data support the hypothesis that the MAP kinase Kpp2 transmits the pheromone signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Müller
- Institut für Genetik und Mikrobiologie, Maria-Ward-Str. 1a, D-80638 München, Germany
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Krüger J, Aichinger C, Kahmann R, Bölker M. A MADS-box homologue in Ustilago maydis regulates the expression of pheromone-inducible genes but is nonessential. Genetics 1997; 147:1643-52. [PMID: 9409827 PMCID: PMC1208337 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/147.4.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mating and pathogenic development in the smut fungus Ustilago maydis are controlled by a pheromone/receptor system and two homeodomain proteins, bEp and bWp, which form heterodimers in nonallelic combinations. We describe the isolation of a gene, umc1, encoding a MADS-box protein, which displays significant similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM1 gene. umc1 complemented the viability defect of yeast mcm1 mutants. In U. maydis, umc1 deletion mutants were viable and pathogenic development was unaffected. Nevertheless, the basal expression levels of several pheromone-inducible genes were significantly reduced leading to an attenuated mating reaction. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, where Mcm1p plays a crucial role in the cell-type specific expression of a- and alpha-specific genes, the U. maydis umc1 gene appears to have only a modulatory effect on the expression of mating type-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krüger
- Institut für Genetik und Mikrobiologie der Universität München, Germany
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