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Sönnichsen R, Hennig L, Blaschke V, Winter K, Körfer J, Hähnel S, Monecke A, Wittekind C, Jansen-Winkeln B, Thieme R, Gockel I, Grosser K, Weimann A, Kubick C, Wiechmann V, Aigner A, Bechmann I, Lordick F, Kallendrusch S. Individual Susceptibility Analysis Using Patient-derived Slice Cultures of Colorectal Carcinoma. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2017; 17:e189-e199. [PMID: 29233603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonresponse to chemotherapy in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is still a clinical problem. For most established treatment regimens, no predictive biomarkers are available. Patient-derived tumor slice culture may be a promising ex vivo technology to assess the drug susceptibility in individual tumors. METHODS Patient-derived slice cultures of CRC specimens were prepared according to a standardized protocol and treated with different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and an adapted FOLFOX regimen (5-FU and oxaliplatin) to investigate histologic response. Additionally, a semi-automatized readout using fluorescent stain-specific segmentation algorithms for Image J was established to quantify changes in tumor proliferation. Nonresponse to chemotherapy was defined as persisting tumor cell proliferation. RESULTS Slices treated with 5-FU showed lower tumor cell fractions and dose-dependent alterations of proliferating tumor cells compared with controls (1 μM, Δ +3%; 10 μM, Δ -9%; 100 μM, Δ -15%). Individual tumor samples were examined and differences in chemotherapy susceptibility could be observed. Untreated slice cultures contained an average tumor cell fraction of 31% ± 7%. For all samples, the histopathologic characteristics exhibited some degree of intratumoral heterogeneity with regard to tumor cell morphology and distribution. The original tumor matched the features found in slices at baseline and after 3 days of cultivation. CONCLUSIONS Patient-derived slice cultures may help to predict response to clinical treatment in individual patients with CRC. Future studies need to address the problem of tumor heterogeneity and evolution. Prospective correlation of ex vivo results with the clinical course of treated patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Sönnichsen
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Laura Hennig
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vera Blaschke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Justus Körfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Hähnel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Monecke
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Grosser
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Koerfer J, Kallendrusch S, Merz F, Wittekind C, Kubick C, Kassahun WT, Schumacher G, Moebius C, Gaßler N, Schopow N, Geister D, Wiechmann V, Weimann A, Eckmann C, Aigner A, Bechmann I, Lordick F. Organotypic slice cultures of human gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1444-53. [PMID: 27073068 PMCID: PMC4944870 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric and esophagogastric junction cancers are heterogeneous and aggressive tumors with an unpredictable response to cytotoxic treatment. New methods allowing for the analysis of drug resistance are needed. Here, we describe a novel technique by which human tumor specimens can be cultured ex vivo, preserving parts of the natural cancer microenvironment. Using a tissue chopper, fresh surgical tissue samples were cut in 400 μm slices and cultivated in 6-well plates for up to 6 days. The slices were processed for routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Cytokeratin stains (CK8, AE1/3) were applied for determining tumor cellularity, Ki-67 for proliferation, and cleaved caspase-3 staining for apoptosis. The slices were analyzed under naive conditions and following 2-4 days in vitro exposure to 5-FU and cisplatin. The slice culture technology allowed for a good preservation of tissue morphology and tumor cell integrity during the culture period. After chemotherapy exposure, a loss of tumor cellularity and an increase in apoptosis were observed. Drug sensitivity of the tumors could be assessed. Organotypic slice cultures of gastric and esophagogastric junction cancers were successfully established. Cytotoxic drug effects could be monitored. They may be used to examine mechanisms of drug resistance in human tissue and may provide a unique and powerful ex vivo platform for the prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Koerfer
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Kallendrusch
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicitas Merz
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wittekind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Kubick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Woubet T Kassahun
- Department for Visceral, Transplantation Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Schumacher
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Braunschweig, Salzdahlumer Straße 90, 38126, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Moebius
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum Braunschweig, Salzdahlumer Straße 90, 38126, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Braunschweig, Celler Straße 38, 38114, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nikolas Schopow
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Geister
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Str. 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Wiechmann
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Str. 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Str. 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Eckmann
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Virchowstraße 8, 31226, Peine, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University Medicine Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute for Anatomy, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Koerfer J, Kallendrusch S, Merz F, Kubick C, Kassahun W, Schumacher G, Moebius C, Gassler N, Eckmann C, Koerfer A, Weimann A, Wiechmann V, Geister D, Aigner A, Bechmann I, Lordick F. Organotypic slice cultures of human gastric cancer (GC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (AEG): A new technology to study treatment response, resistance, and tumor heterogeneity. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
76 Background: GC and AEG have an unpredictable response to cytotoxic treatment and a poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for new research methods allowing for the determination of chemotherapy sensitivities, the analysis of resistance mechanisms and tumor heterogeneity. Here, we describe a novel technique extending our recent findings in other tumors (Gerlach et al. 2014; Merz et al. 2013), by which cancer specimens can be cultured in vitro and maintained in their natural micro-environment. Methods: Using a tissue chopper, fresh surgical and endoscopic tissue samples from GC and AEG were cut in 400 µm thick slices and cultivated in 6-well plates for up to 6 days. The slices were then fixed, embedded in paraffin and cut for routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Cytokeratin stains (CK8 and AE1/3) were used for determining tumor cellularity, ki-67 for proliferation, and cleaved caspase 3 staining for apoptosis. The slices were examined under naïve condition and following in-vitro exposure to 5-FU, cisplatin or docetaxel over a period of 2-4 days. Results: GC and AEG slice cultures from resection specimens (n=14) and endoscopic biopsies (n=17) revealed a good preservation of tissue morphology and tumor cell integrity during the culture period in most cases. The stroma and the tumor cellularity remained stable over at least 4 days, proving the viability of cancer in slice cultures. The amount of sampled tissue from endoscopic biopsies was identified as a critical determinant for the feasibility of slice cultures. During treatment of cultures with chemotherapy, a significant loss of tumor cellularity and an increase of apoptotic cells were observed, although a systematic and reproducible read-out still needs to be established. Conclusions: Slice cultures of GC and AEG were successfully established. They can be expected to provide a unique and powerful in vitro platform for the determination of sensitivities of a given tumor towards chemotherapy, to examine mechanisms of drug-resistance and to analyze tumor heterogeneity in patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Koerfer
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Felicitas Merz
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Woubet Kassahun
- Department for Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guido Schumacher
- Department for Visceral Surgery, Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Moebius
- Department for Visceral Surgery, Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Eckmann
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Peine, Peine, Germany
| | - Alfred Koerfer
- Practice for Oncology and Gastroenterology Peine, Peine, Germany
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Geister
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Blanke A, Aupperle H, Seeger J, Kubick C, Schusser GF. Histological Study of the External, Middle and Inner Ear of Horses. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:401-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Blanke
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; An den Tierkliniken 11 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - H. Aupperle
- Laboklin GmbH & Co KG; Steubenstr. 4 97688 Bad Kissingen Germany
| | - J. Seeger
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; An den Tierkliniken 43 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - C. Kubick
- Institute of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Leipzig; Liebigstr. 24 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - G. F. Schusser
- Department of Large Animal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; An den Tierkliniken 11 04103 Leipzig Germany
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Gerlach MM, Merz F, Wichmann G, Kubick C, Wittekind C, Lordick F, Dietz A, Bechmann I. Slice cultures from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a novel test system for drug susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:479-88. [PMID: 24263061 PMCID: PMC3899754 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) fundamentally vary in their susceptibility to different cytotoxic drugs and treatment modalities. There is at present no clinically accepted test system to predict the most effective therapy for an individual patient. Methods: Therefore, we established tumour-derived slice cultures which can be kept in vitro for at least 6 days. Upon treatment with cisplatin, docetaxel and cetuximab, slices were fixed and paraffin sections were cut for histopathological analysis. Results: Apoptotic fragmentation, activation of caspase 3, and cell loss were observed in treated tumour slices. Counts of nuclei per field in untreated compared with treated slices deriving from the same tumour allowed estimation of the anti-neoplastic activity of individual drugs on an individual tumour. Conclusion: HNSCC-derived slice cultures survive well in vitro and may serve not only to improve personalised therapies but also to detect mechanisms of tumour resistance by harvesting surviving tumour cells after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Gerlach
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - F Merz
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - G Wichmann
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 10-14, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - C Kubick
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - C Wittekind
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - F Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - A Dietz
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 10-14, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - I Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Kubick C, Schmalzing G, Markwardt F. The Effect of Anions on the Human P2X7 Receptor. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Kubick C, Schmalzing G, Markwardt F. The effect of anions on the human P2X7 receptor. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2011; 1808:2913-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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