1
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More VR, Campos CR, Evans RA, Oliver KD, Chan GN, Miller DS, Cannon RE. PPAR-α, a lipid-sensing transcription factor, regulates blood-brain barrier efflux transporter expression. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1199-1212. [PMID: 27193034 PMCID: PMC5453444 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16650216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid sensor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR- α) is the master regulator of lipid metabolism. Dietary release of endogenous free fatty acids, fibrates, and certain persistent environmental pollutants, e.g. perfluoroalkyl fire-fighting foam components, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ligands. Here, we define a role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in regulating the expression of three ATP-driven drug efflux transporters at the rat and mouse blood-brain barriers: P-glycoprotein (Abcb1), breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp/Abcg2), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/Abcc2). Exposing isolated rat brain capillaries to linoleic acid, clofibrate, or PKAs increased the transport activity and protein expression of the three ABC transporters. These effects were blocked by the PPAR- α antagonist, GW6471. Dosing rats with 20 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of clofibrate decreased the brain accumulation of the P-glycoprotein substrate, verapamil, by 50% (in situ brain perfusion; effects blocked by GW6471) and increased P-glycoprotein expression and activity in capillaries ex vivo. Fasting C57Bl/6 wild-type mice for 24 h increased both serum lipids and brain capillary P-glycoprotein transport activity. Fasting did not alter P-glycoprotein activity in PPAR- α knockout mice. These results indicate that hyperlipidemia, lipid-lowering fibrates and exposure to certain fire-fighting foam components activate blood-brain barrier peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, increase drug efflux transporter expression and reduce drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay R More
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christopher R Campos
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca A Evans
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Keith D Oliver
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Gary Ny Chan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David S Miller
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ronald E Cannon
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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2
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Bartels K, Ma Q, Venkatraman TN, Campos CR, Smith L, Cannon RE, Podgoreanu MV, Lascola CD, Miller DS, Mathew JP. Effects of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest on the blood brain barrier in a cardiopulmonary bypass model--a pilot study. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:981-4. [PMID: 24931068 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurologic injury is common after cardiac surgery and disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) has been proposed as a contributing factor. We sought to study BBB characteristics in a rodent model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). METHODS Adult rats were subjected to CPB/DHCA or to sham surgery. Analysis included Western blotting of relevant BBB proteins in addition to in vivo brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a clinically used low-molecular contrast agent. RESULTS While quantitative analysis of BBB proteins revealed similar expression levels, MRI showed evidence of BBB disruption after CPB/DHCA compared to sham surgery. CONCLUSIONS Combining molecular BBB analysis and MRI technology in a rodent model is a highly translatable approach to study adverse neurologic outcomes following CPB/DHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Bartels
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Christopher R Campos
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay Smith
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ronald E Cannon
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mihai V Podgoreanu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - David S Miller
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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3
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Emmert D, Campos CR, Ward D, Lu P, Namanja HA, Bohn K, Miller DS, Sharom FJ, Chmielewski J, Hrycyna CA. Reversible dimers of the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine inhibit p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux in vitro with increased binding affinity and in situ at the blood-brain barrier. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:305-17. [PMID: 24483607 DOI: 10.1021/cn4002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is highly expressed in the capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) where it functions to limit the brain penetration of many drugs, including antipsychotic agents used to treat schizophrenia. Therefore, in an effort to inhibit the transporter, we designed dimers of the antipsychotic drug and P-gp substrate quetiapine (QT), linked by variable length tethers. In P-gp overexpressing cells and in human brain capillary endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells, the dimer with the shortest tether length (QT2C2) (1) was the most potent inhibitor showing >80-fold better inhibition of P-gp-mediated transport than monomeric QT. The dimers, which are linked via ester moieties, are designed to revert to the therapeutic monomer once inside the target cells. We demonstrated that the addition of two sterically blocking methyl groups to the linker (QT2C2Me2, 8) increased the half-life of the molecule in plasma 10-fold as compared to the dimer lacking methyl groups (QT2C2, 1), while retaining inhibitory potency for P-gp transport and sensitivity to cellular esterases. Experiments with purified P-gp demonstrated that QT2C2 (1) and QT2C2Me2 (8) interacted with both the H- and R-binding sites of the transporter with binding affinities 20- to 30-fold higher than that of monomeric QT. Using isolated rat brain capillaries, QT2C2Me2 (8) was a more potent inhibitor of P-gp transport than QT. Lastly, we showed that QT2C2Me2 (8) increased the accumulation of the P-gp substrate verapamil in rat brain in situ three times more than QT. Together, these results indicate that the QT dimer QT2C2Me2 (8) strongly inhibited P-gp transport activity in human brain capillary endothelial cells, in rat brain capillaries, and at the BBB in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Emmert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560
Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher R. Campos
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - David Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Peihua Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Hilda A. Namanja
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560
Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kelsey Bohn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560
Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David S. Miller
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Frances J. Sharom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560
Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christine A. Hrycyna
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560
Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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4
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Largent-Milnes TM, Brookshire SW, Skinner DP, Hanlon KE, Giuvelis D, Yamamoto T, Davis P, Campos CR, Nair P, Deekonda S, Bilsky EJ, Porreca F, Hruby VJ, Vanderah TW. Building a better analgesic: multifunctional compounds that address injury-induced pathology to enhance analgesic efficacy while eliminating unwanted side effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:7-19. [PMID: 23860305 PMCID: PMC3781412 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.205245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The most highly abused prescription drugs are opioids used for the treatment of pain. Physician-reported drug-seeking behavior has resulted in a significant health concern among doctors trying to adequately treat pain while limiting the misuse or diversion of pain medications. In addition to abuse liability, opioid use is associated with unwanted side effects that complicate pain management, including opioid-induced emesis and constipation. This has resulted in restricting long-term doses of opioids and inadequate treatment of both acute and chronic debilitating pain, demonstrating a compelling need for novel analgesics. Recent reports indicate that adaptations in endogenous substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1) are induced by chronic pain and sustained opioid exposure, and these changes may contribute to processes responsible for opioid abuse liability, emesis, and analgesic tolerance. Here, we describe a multifunctional mu-/delta-opioid agonist/NK1 antagonist compound [Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(CF3)2 (TY027)] that has a preclinical profile of excellent antinociceptive efficacy, low abuse liability, and no opioid-related emesis or constipation. In rodent models of acute and neuropathic pain, TY027 demonstrates analgesic efficacy following central or systemic administration with a plasma half-life of more than 4 hours and central nervous system penetration. These data demonstrate that an innovative opioid designed to contest the pathology created by chronic pain and sustained opioids results in antinociceptive efficacy in rodent models, with significantly fewer side effects than morphine. Such rationally designed, multitargeted compounds are a promising therapeutic approach in treating patients who suffer from acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology (T.M.L.-M., S.W.B., D.P.S., K.E.H., P.D., C.R.C., F.P., T.W.V.), and Department of Chemistry (T.Y., P.N, S.D., V.J.H.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Center for Excellence in Neuroscience, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine (K.E.H., D.G., E.J.B., F.P., T.W.V.)
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5
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Miller DS, Cannon RE, Peart J, Campos CR, Smith LK, Wang X. Sulfuraphane (SFN) activation of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) increases expression and transport activity of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer related protein (Bcrp) at the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.891.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Miller
- Labopratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | - Ronald E Cannon
- Labopratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | - John Peart
- Labopratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | | | - Lindsay K Smith
- Labopratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Labopratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
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Cartwright TA, Campos CR, Cannon RE, Miller DS. Mrp1 is essential for sphingolipid signaling to p-glycoprotein in mouse blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:381-8. [PMID: 23168528 PMCID: PMC3587808 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
At the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers, P-glycoprotein, an ATP-driven drug efflux pump, is a major obstacle to central nervous system (CNS) pharmacotherapy. Recently, we showed that signaling through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), sphingolipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) rapidly and reversibly reduced basal P-glycoprotein transport activity in the rat blood-brain barrier. The present study extends those findings to the mouse blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers and, importantly, identifies multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (Mrp1, Abcc1) as the transporter that mediates S1P efflux from brain and spinal cord endothelial cells. In brain and spinal cord capillaries isolated from wild-type mice, TNF-α, sphingosine, S1P, the S1PR agonist fingolimod (FTY720), and its active, phosphorylated metabolite, FTY720P, reduced P-glycoprotein transport activity; these effects were abolished by a specific S1PR1 antagonist. In brain and spinal cord capillaries isolated from Mrp1-null mice, neither TNF-α nor sphingosine nor FTY720 reduced P-glycoprotein transport activity. However, S1P and FTY720P had the same S1PR1-dependent effects on transport activity as in capillaries from wild-type mice. Thus, deletion of Mrp1 alone terminated endogenous signaling to S1PR1. These results identify Mrp1 as the transporter essential for S1P efflux from the endothelial cells and thus for inside-out S1P signaling to P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Cartwright
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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7
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Durk MR, Chan GNY, Campos CR, Peart JC, Chow ECY, Lee E, Cannon RE, Bendayan R, Miller DS, Pang KS. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-liganded vitamin D receptor increases expression and transport activity of P-glycoprotein in isolated rat brain capillaries and human and rat brain microvessel endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2012; 123:944-53. [PMID: 23035695 PMCID: PMC3538370 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Induction of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1)/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was investigated in isolated rat brain capillaries and rat (RBE4) and human (hCMEC/D3) brain microvessel endothelial cell lines. Incubation of isolated rat brain capillaries with 10 nM of the VDR ligand, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] for 4 h increased P-gp protein expression fourfold. Incubation with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) for 4 or 24 h increased P-gp transport activity (specific luminal accumulation of NBD-CSA, the fluorescent P-gp substrate) by 25-30%. In RBE4 cells, Mdr1b mRNA was induced in a concentration-dependent manner by exposure to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Concomitantly, P-gp protein expression increased 2.5-fold and was accompanied by a 20-35% reduction in cellular accumulation of the P-gp substrates, rhodamine 6G (R6G), and HiLyte Fluor 488-labeled human amyloid beta 1-42 (hAβ(42)). In hCMEC/D3 cells, a 3 day exposure to 100 nM 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) increased MDR1 mRNA expression (40%) and P-gp protein (threefold); cellular accumulation of R6G and hAβ(42) was reduced by 30%. Thus, VDR activation up-regulates Mdr1/MDR1 and P-gp protein in isolated rat brain capillaries and rodent and human brain microvascular endothelia, implicating a role for VDR in increasing the brain clearance of P-gp substrates, including hAβ(42), a plaque-forming precursor in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Durk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Abstract
We present here an initial characterization of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter function and regulation at the blood-spinal cord barrier. We isolated capillaries from rat spinal cords and studied transport function using a confocal microscopy-based assay and protein expression using western blots. These capillaries exhibited transport function and protein expression of P-glycoprotein (Abcb1), multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2, Abcc2), and breast cancer-related protein (Bcrp, Abcg2). Exposing isolated capillaries to dioxin (activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor) increased transport mediated by all three transporters. Brain and spinal cord capillaries from dioxin-dosed rats exhibited increased P-glycoprotein-mediated transport and increased protein expression for all three ABC transporters. These findings indicate similar ABC transporter expression, function, and regulation at the blood-spinal cord and blood-brain barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Campos
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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9
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Miller DS, Campos CR, Hawkins BT, Cannon R. Sphingolipids signal rapid loss of P‐glycoprotein transport activity at the blood‐brain barrier. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.862.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Miller
- Laboratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | | | - Brian T. Hawkins
- Division of HematologyUniv. Of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA
| | - Ronald Cannon
- Laboratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
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10
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Miller DS, Schroeter C, Wang X, Campos CR. ABC Transporter Expression, Function and Regulation at the Blood‐Spinal Cord Barrier. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.707.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Miller
- Laboratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | | | - Xueqian Wang
- Laboratory of Toxicology and PharmacologyNIH/NIEHSResearch Triangle ParkNC
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11
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Campos CR, Silva CF, Dias DR, Basso LC, Amorim HV, Schwan RF. Features of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a culture starter for the production of the distilled sugar cane beverage, cachaça in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1871-9. [PMID: 19863684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the dominance and persistence of strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the process of sugar cane fermentation for the production of cachaça and to analyse the microbial compounds produced in each fermentative process. METHODS AND RESULTS Three S. cerevisiae strains were evaluated during seven consecutive 24-h fermentation batches using recycled inocula. The UFLA CA 116 strain had the largest population of viable organisms, and the maximum population was achieved in the fourth batch after 96 h of fermentation. The UFLA CA 1162 and UFLA CA 1183 strains grew more slowly, and the maximum population was reached in the seventh batch. Molecular characterization of isolated yeast cells using PFGE (pulse field gel electrophoresis) revealed that more than 86% of the isolates corresponded to the initially inoculated yeast strain. The concentration of aldehydes, esters, methanol, alcohol and volatile acids in the final-aged beverages were within the legal limits. CONCLUSIONS Cachaça produced by select yeast strains exhibits analytical differences. UFLA CA 1162 and UFLA CA 116 S. cerevisiae isolates can be considered the ideal strains for the artisanal production of cachaça in Brazil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The use of select yeast strains can improve the quality and productivity of cachaça production. Our findings are important for the appropriate monitoring of yeast during sugar cane fermentation. In addition, we demonstrate that UFLA CA 116 and UFLA CA 1162, the ideal yeast strains for cachaça production, are maintained at a high population density. The persistence of these yeast strains in the fermentation of sugar cane juice promotes environmental conditions that prevent or decrease bacterial contamination. Thus, the use of select yeast strains for the production of cachaça is a viable economic alternative to standardize the production of this beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Campos
- Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Lucato LT, Passos RBD, Campos CR, Conforto AB, McKinney AM. Multidetector-row computed tomography in the diagnosis of Collet-Sicard syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr2007120972. [PMID: 21687282 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.2007.120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L T Lucato
- Department of Radiology, The Clinics Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Campos CR, Ocheltree SM, Hom S, Egleton RD, Davis TP. Nociceptive inhibition prevents inflammatory pain induced changes in the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res 2008; 1221:6-13. [PMID: 18554577 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies by our group have shown that peripheral inflammatory insult, using the lambda-carrageenan inflammatory pain (CIP) model, induced alterations in the molecular and functional properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The question remained whether these changes were mediated via an inflammatory and/or neuronal mechanism. In this study, we investigated the involvement of neuronal input from pain activity on alterations in BBB integrity by peripheral inhibition of nociceptive input. A perineural injection of 0.75% bupivacaine into the right hind leg prior to CIP was used for peripheral nerve block. Upon nerve block, there was a significant decrease in thermal allodynia induced by CIP, but no effect on edema formation 1 h post-CIP. BBB permeability was increased 1 h post-CIP treatment as determined by in situ brain perfusion of [(14)C] sucrose; bupivacaine nerve block of CIP caused an attenuation of [(14)C] sucrose permeability, back to saline control levels. Paralleling the changes in [(14)C] sucrose permeability, we also report increased expression of three tight junction (TJ) proteins, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5 with CIP. Upon bupivacaine nerve block, changes in expression were prevented. These data show that the lambda-carrageenan-induced changes in [(14)C] sucrose permeability and protein expression of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5 are prevented with inhibition of nociceptive input. Therefore, we suggest that nociceptive signaling is in part responsible for the alteration in BBB integrity under CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Campos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA
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Lucato LT, Passos RBD, Campos CR, Conforto AB, McKinney AM. Neurological picture. Multidetector-row computed tomography in the diagnosis of Collet-Sicard syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:521. [PMID: 18408088 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L T Lucato
- Department of Radiology, The Clinics Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Hom S, Fleegal MA, Egleton RD, Campos CR, Hawkins BT, Davis TP. Comparative changes in the blood-brain barrier and cerebral infarction of SHR and WKY rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R1881-92. [PMID: 17234953 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00761.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is involved in the exacerbation of stroke. It is unclear how blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight-junction (TJ) and ion transporter proteins critical for maintaining brain homeostasis contribute to cerebral infarction during hypertension development. In the present study, we investigated cerebral infarct volume following permanent 4-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and characterized the expression of BBB TJ and ion transporter proteins in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at 5 wk (prehypertension), 10 wk (early-stage hypertension), and 15 wk (later-stage hypertension) of age. Hypertensive SHR show increased infarct volume following MCAO compared with WKY control rats. BBB TJ and ion transporter proteins, known to contribute to edema and fluid volume changes in the brain, show differential protein expression patterns during hypertension development. Western blot analysis of TJ protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) showed decreased expression, while ion transporter, Na+/H+exchanger 1 (NHE-1), was markedly increased in hypertensive SHR. Expression of TJ proteins ZO-1, occludin, actin, claudin-5, and Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransporter remain unaffected in SHR compared with control. Selective inhibition of NHE-1 using dimethylamiloride significantly attenuated ischemia-induced infarct volume in hypertensive SHR following MCAO, suggesting a novel role for NHE-1 in the brain in the regulation of ischemia-induced infarct volume in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hom
- Dept of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Campos CR, Yamamoto FI. Intracerebral hemorrhage in postpartum cerebral angiopathy associated with the use of isometheptene. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006; 95:151-2. [PMID: 16999965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C R Campos
- Post-Graduation Program in Neurology, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Campos
- Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil.
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Hawkins BT, Abbruscato TJ, Egleton RD, Brown RC, Huber JD, Campos CR, Davis TP. Nicotine increases in vivo blood–brain barrier permeability and alters cerebral microvascular tight junction protein distribution. Brain Res 2004; 1027:48-58. [PMID: 15494156 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical to the health of the central nervous system. The BBB is formed primarily by the presence of tight junctions (TJ) between cerebral microvessel endothelial cells. In light of the known effects of nicotine on endothelial cell biology, the specific effects of nicotine on the in vivo BBB were examined. Using in situ brain perfusion, it was found that continuous administration of nicotine (4.5 mg free base x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 1 and 7 days led to increased permeability of the BBB to [14C]-sucrose without significant changes in its initial volume of distribution. The expression and distribution of the TJ-associated proteins actin, occludin, claudin-1, -3, and -5, and ZO-1 and -2 were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Though no changes in total protein expression were observed, nicotine treatment was associated with altered cellular distribution of ZO-1 and diminished junctional immunoreactivity of claudin-3. It is proposed that nicotine leads to changes in BBB permeability via the modulation of TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Hawkins
- Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Hau VS, Huber JD, Campos CR, Davis RT, Davis TP. Effect of λ-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain on brain uptake of codeine and antinociception. Brain Res 2004; 1018:257-64. [PMID: 15276886 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential clinical implications of lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain on brain uptake of a commonly used analgesic, codeine, in relation to the fundamental properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) correlated to its antinociceptive profile over a 168-h time course. BBB uptake of [14C]sucrose (a membrane impermeant marker) and [3H]codeine were investigated using an in situ brain perfusion model in the rat. Results demonstrated a significantly increased brain uptake of [14C]sucrose at 1, 3, 6 and 48 h (139+/-9%, 166+/-19%, 138+/-13% and 146+/-7% compared with control, respectively) and [3H]codeine at 3 and 48 h (179+/-6% and 179+/-12% compared with control, respectively). Capillary depletion analyses ensured that increased radioisotope associated with the brain was due to increased uptake rather than trapping in the cerebral vasculature. Antinociception studies using a radiant-heat tail flick analgesia method demonstrated that lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain enhanced the in vivo antinociceptive profile of i.p.-administered codeine (7 mg/kg) at 3 and 48 h (144+/-11% and 155+/-9% compared with control, respectively). This study demonstrated that brain uptake and antinociception of codeine are increased during lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain, suggesting that the presence of inflammatory pain may be an important consideration in therapeutic drug dosing, potential adverse effects and/or neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S Hau
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Hau VS, Huber JD, Campos CR, Lipkowski AW, Misicka A, Davis TP. Effect of guanidino modification and proline substitution on the in vitro stability and blood-brain barrier permeability of endomorphin II. J Pharm Sci 2002; 91:2140-9. [PMID: 12226841 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin II (ENDII), an endogenous ligand for the mu-opioid receptor, was investigated as a possible analgesic with fewer side effects than morphine. To improve CNS entry of END II, structural modification was also examined to determine whether Pro(4) substitution and cationization affected physico-chemical characteristics, blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport, and analgesic profile. END II and its Pro(4)-substituted analog, Morphiceptin (MOR), were cationized by guanidino (GU)-addition. MOR was seven times less lipophilic than END II, whereas GU-addition decreased lipophilicity of both peptides. MOR did not affect in vitro BBB permeability; however, GU-addition increased permeability of MOR by 31%. MOR decreased protein binding by 23% compared to END II, whereas GU-addition increased protein binding of both peptides by 71 and 113%, respectively. MOR increased brain t(1/2) compared to END II. GU-addition significantly increased t(1/2) of MOR and END II in both brain (sixfold and 10-fold, respectively) and serum (over 10-fold). Pro(4)-substitution and GU-addition enhanced the in vivo analgesia profiles of i.v. administered END II and MOR, but decreased i.c.v. analgesia profiles. This study demonstrates Pro(4)-substitution decreases protein binding and enhances brain stability while cationization enhances both brain and serum stability with variable effects on BBB permeability. The analgesic profiles show that both Pro(4)-substitution and cationization enhance i.v. analgesia and thus, are promising structural modifications for the development of successful opioid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S Hau
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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Huber JD, Hau VS, Borg L, Campos CR, Egleton RD, Davis TP. Blood-brain barrier tight junctions are altered during a 72-h exposure to lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 283:H1531-7. [PMID: 12234806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00027.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain on the functional and structural properties of the rat blood-brain barrier (BBB) over a 72-h time period. Systemic inflammation was induced by an intraplantar injection of 3% lambda-carrageenan into the right hind paw of female Sprague-Dawley rats. In situ brain perfusion and Western blot analyses were performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. In situ brain perfusion showed lambda-carrageenan significantly increased brain uptake of [(14)C]sucrose at 1, 3, 6, and 48 h (139 +/- 9%, 166 +/- 19%, 138 +/- 13%, and 146 +/- 7% compared with control, respectively). Capillary depletion analysis insured the increased brain uptake was due to increased BBB permeability and not vascular trapping. Western blot analyses for zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin were performed on isolated cerebral microvessels. ZO-1 expression was significantly increased at 1, 3, and 6 h and returned to control expression levels by 12 h. Total occludin expression was significantly reduced at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 48 h. This investigation demonstrated that lambda-carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain elicits a biphasic increase in BBB permeability with the first phase occurring from 1-6 h and the second phase occuring at 48 h. Furthermore, changes in BBB function are correlated with altered tight junctional protein expression of occludin and ZO-1. Changes in the structure of tight junctions may have important clinical ramifications concerning central nervous system homeostasis and therapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Huber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724, USA
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Rassi-Neto A, Ferraz FP, Campos CR, Braga FM. Patients with epileptic seizures and cerebral lesions who underwent lesionectomy restricted to or associated with the adjacent irritative area. Epilepsia 1999; 40:856-64. [PMID: 10403208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the best surgical procedure for patients with epileptic seizures and cerebral lesions-i.e., resection restricted to the lesion or resection associated with the adjacent irritative area-based on the clinical evolution of patients' seizure outcome and electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocorticographic (ECoG) findings. METHODS This study comprised 37 patients with epileptic seizures and cerebral lesions, ranging in age from 9 to 66 years. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 21 patients with medically intractable epilepsy, Group 2 of 16 patients with medically controlled epilepsy. Eleven of the 21 patients in Group 1 (Subgroup A) underwent surgical resection of the cerebral lesion and adjacent irritative area as shown by ECoG. For the remaining 10 patients in Group 1 (Subgroup B), the resection was restricted to the lesion. The 16 patients in Group 2 all underwent lesionectomies. RESULTS Of the 11 patients in group 1 who underwent resection of the cerebral lesion and adjacent irritative area, 91% became seizure free. Sixty percent of the remaining patients in group I whose resections were restricted to the lesion also became seizure free, as did all the patients in group 2. An overall analysis of the EEGs for all patients showed a statistically significant decrease in paroxysmal activity. CONCLUSIONS In patients with uncontrolled seizures, resection of the cerebral lesion associated with the irritative area shows a tendency to obtain better seizure-outcome results than restricted lesionectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rassi-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Federal University of São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
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Campos CR, Meneghelo ZM, Batlouni M. [Anticoagulation in heart diseases]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1993; 61:361-6. [PMID: 8204072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C R Campos
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo
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Batlouni M, Armaganijan D, Campos CR. [Clinico-ergometric evaluation of timolol maleate in stable angina: double-blind, randomized and crossed study]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1986; 46:143-6. [PMID: 3548661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Azevedo Filho J, Loureiro MDF, Costa JR, Campos CR. [Cleidocranial dysostosis]. Ars Curandi Odontol 1979; 6:55-9. [PMID: 296677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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