1
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Thom CS, Davenport P, Fazelinia H, Soule-Albridge E, Liu ZJ, Zhang H, Feldman HA, Ding H, Roof J, Spruce LA, Ischiropoulos H, Sola-Visner M. Quantitative label-free mass spectrometry reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1447-1462. [PMID: 38160730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets. METHODS We isolated resting umbilical cord blood-derived platelets from healthy full-term neonates (n = 8) and resting blood platelets from healthy adults (n = 6) and compared protein and phosphoprotein contents using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. RESULTS We identified 4770 platelet proteins with high confidence across all samples. Adult and neonatal platelets were clustered separately by principal component analysis. Adult platelets were significantly enriched in immunomodulatory proteins, including β2 microglobulin and CXCL12, whereas neonatal platelets were enriched in ribosomal components and proteins involved in metabolic activities. Adult platelets were enriched in phosphorylated GTPase regulatory enzymes and proteins participating in trafficking, which may help prime them for activation and degranulation. Neonatal platelets were enriched in phosphorylated proteins involved in insulin growth factor signaling. CONCLUSION Using label-free data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, our findings expanded the known neonatal platelet proteome and identified important differences in protein content and phosphorylation between neonatal and adult platelets. These developmental differences suggested enhanced immune functions for adult platelets and presence of molecular machinery related to platelet activation. These findings are important to understanding mechanisms underlying key platelet functions as well as the harmful effects of adult platelet transfusions given to preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Soule-Albridge
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Pavani G, Klein JG, Nations CC, Sussman JH, Tan K, An HH, Abdulmalik O, Thom CS, Gearhart PA, Willett CM, Maguire JA, Chou ST, French DL, Gadue P. Modeling primitive and definitive erythropoiesis with induced pluripotent stem cells. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1449-1463. [PMID: 38290102 PMCID: PMC10955655 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT During development, erythroid cells are produced through at least 2 distinct hematopoietic waves (primitive and definitive), generating erythroblasts with different functional characteristics. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used as a model platform to study the development of red blood cells (RBCs) with many of the differentiation protocols after the primitive wave of hematopoiesis. Recent advances have established that definitive hematopoietic progenitors can be generated from iPSCs, creating a unique situation for comparing primitive and definitive erythrocytes derived from cell sources of identical genetic background. We generated iPSCs from healthy fetal liver (FL) cells and produced isogenic primitive or definitive RBCs which were compared directly to the FL-derived RBCs. Functional assays confirmed differences between the 2 programs, with primitive RBCs showing a reduced proliferation potential, larger cell size, lack of Duffy RBC antigen expression, and higher expression of embryonic globins. Transcriptome profiling by scRNA-seq demonstrated high similarity between FL- and iPSC-derived definitive RBCs along with very different gene expression and regulatory network patterns for primitive RBCs. In addition, iPSC lines harboring a known pathogenic mutation in the erythroid master regulator KLF1 demonstrated phenotypic changes specific to definitive RBCs. Our studies provide new insights into differences between primitive and definitive erythropoiesis and highlight the importance of ontology when using iPSCs to model genetic hematologic diseases. Beyond disease modeling, the similarity between FL- and iPSC-derived definitive RBCs expands potential applications of definitive RBCs for diagnostic and transfusion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pavani
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joshua G. Klein
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Catriana C. Nations
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan H. Sussman
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hyun Hyung An
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher S. Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter A. Gearhart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Camryn M. Willett
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stella T. Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L. French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Qiu R, Petit C, Thom CS. Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells. J Vis Exp 2024. [PMID: 38558008 DOI: 10.3791/66490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models are excellent platforms to understand blood development, and iPSC-derived blood cells have translational utility as clinical testing reagents and transfusable cell therapeutics. The advent and expansion of multiomics analysis, including but not limited to single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (snATACseq), offers the potential to revolutionize our understanding of cell development. This includes developmental biology using in vitro hematopoietic models. However, it can be technically challenging to isolate intact nuclei from cultured or primary cells. Different cell types often require tailored nuclear preparations depending on cellular rigidity and content. These technical difficulties can limit data quality and act as a barrier to investigators interested in pursuing multiomics studies. Specimen cryopreservation is often necessary due to limitations with cell collection and/or processing, and frozen samples can present additional technical challenges for intact nuclear isolation. In this manuscript, we provide a detailed method to isolate high-quality nuclei from iPSC-derived cells at different stages of in vitro hematopoietic development for use in single-nucleus multiomics workflows. We have focused the method development on the isolation of nuclei from iPSC-derived adherent stromal/endothelial cells and non-adherent hematopoietic progenitor cells, as these represent very different cell types with regard to structural and cellular identity. The described troubleshooting steps limited nuclear clumping and debris, allowing the recovery of nuclei in sufficient quantity and quality for downstream analyses. Similar methods may be adapted to isolate nuclei from other cryopreserved cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiu
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Chayanne Petit
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine;
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Thom CS, Davenport P, Fazelinia H, Liu ZJ, Zhang H, Ding H, Roof J, Spruce LA, Ischiropoulos H, Sola-Visner M. Phosphoproteomics reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.13.557268. [PMID: 37745418 PMCID: PMC10515911 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions. This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets. Methods We isolated resting umbilical cord blood-derived platelets from healthy full term neonates (n=9) and resting blood platelets from healthy adults (n=7), and compared protein and phosphoprotein contents using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Results We identified 4745 platelet proteins with high confidence across all samples. Adult and neonatal platelets clustered separately by principal component analysis. Adult platelets were significantly enriched for immunomodulatory proteins, including β2 microglobulin and CXCL12, whereas neonatal platelets were enriched for ribosomal components and proteins involved in metabolic activities. Adult platelets were enriched for phosphorylated GTPase regulatory enzymes and proteins participating in trafficking, which may help prime them for activation and degranulation. Neonatal platelets were enriched for phosphorylated proteins involved in insulin growth factor signaling. Conclusions Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, our findings expanded the known neonatal platelet proteome and identified important differences in protein content and phosphorylation compared with adult platelets. These developmental differences suggested enhanced immune functions for adult platelets and presence of a molecular machinery related to platelet activation. These findings are important to understanding mechanisms underlying key platelet functions as well as the harmful effects of adult platelet transfusions given to preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Wilken MB, Fonar G, Nations C, Pavani G, Tsao V, Garifallou J, Tober J, Bennett L, Maguire JA, Gagne A, Okoli N, Gadue P, Chou ST, Speck NA, French DL, Thom CS. Tropomyosin 1 deficiency facilitates cell state transitions to enhance hemogenic endothelial cell specification during hematopoiesis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.01.555861. [PMID: 37693628 PMCID: PMC10491315 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosins coat actin filaments and impact actin-related signaling and cell morphogenesis. Genome-wide association studies have linked Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) with human blood trait variation. Prior work suggested that TPM1 regulated blood cell formation in vitro, but it was unclear how or when TPM1 affected hematopoiesis. Using gene-edited induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model systems, TPM1 knockout was found to augment developmental cell state transitions, as well as TNFα and GTPase signaling pathways, to promote hemogenic endothelial (HE) cell specification and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) production. Single-cell analyses showed decreased TPM1 expression during human HE specification, suggesting that TPM1 regulated in vivo hematopoiesis via similar mechanisms. Indeed, analyses of a TPM1 gene trap mouse model showed that TPM1 deficiency enhanced the formation of HE during embryogenesis. These findings illuminate novel effects of TPM1 on developmental hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison B Wilken
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gennadiy Fonar
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Catriana Nations
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victor Tsao
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James Garifallou
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joanna Tober
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura Bennett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nkemdilim Okoli
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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6
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Wilken MB, Maguire JA, Dungan LV, Gagne A, Osorio-Quintero C, Waxman EA, Chou ST, Gadue P, French DL, Thom CS. Generation of a human Tropomyosin 1 knockout iPSC line. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103161. [PMID: 37422949 PMCID: PMC10507314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The CHOPWT17_TPM1KOc28 iPSC line was generated to interrogate the functions of Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) in primary human cell development. This line was reprogrammed from a previously published wild type control iPSC line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison B Wilken
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lea V Dungan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Osorio-Quintero
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisa A Waxman
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Dulmovits BM, Wild KT, Flibotte J, Lambert MP, Kwiatkowski J, Thom CS. Neonatal Thrombocytopenia as a Presenting Finding in de novo Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency. Neonatology 2023; 120:661-665. [PMID: 37473739 PMCID: PMC11027091 DOI: 10.1159/000531242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory abnormality encountered in critically ill neonates. The broad differential for thrombocytopenia, and its association with potentially severe neonatal pathology, often presents a diagnostic dilemma prompting extensive evaluation. Hemolysis due to red cell enzymopathies is a rare cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia that is typically brief and self-limiting. Here, we present a case of thrombocytopenia, refractory to transfusion, associated with anemia and hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate with pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) arising from compound heterozygous PKLR mutations. The nature of the thrombocytopenia in this patient created considerable diagnostic uncertainty, which was ultimately resolved by whole-exome sequencing. This case emphasizes that inherited red cell defects, such as PKD, are important to consider in cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia.
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MESH Headings
- Infant, Newborn
- Humans
- Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/complications
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/diagnosis
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/genetics
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- Anemia
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Dulmovits
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Taylor Wild
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Flibotte
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Janet Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Shivakumar S, Wilken MB, Tsao V, Bitarello BD, Thom CS. Genetically influenced tobacco and alcohol use behaviors impact erythroid trait variation. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.01.23289329. [PMID: 37205362 PMCID: PMC10187333 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.23289329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have associated thousands of loci with quantitative human blood trait variation. Blood trait associated loci and related genes may regulate blood cell-intrinsic biological processes, or alternatively impact blood cell development and function via systemic factors and disease processes. Clinical observations linking behaviors like tobacco or alcohol use with altered blood traits can be subject to bias, and these trait relationships have not been systematically explored at the genetic level. Using a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we confirmed causal effects of smoking and drinking that were largely confined to the erythroid lineage. Using multivariable MR and causal mediation analyses, we confirmed that an increased genetic predisposition to smoke tobacco was associated with increased alcohol intake, indirectly decreasing red blood cell count and related erythroid traits. These findings demonstrate a novel role for genetically influenced behaviors in determining human blood traits, revealing opportunities to dissect related pathways and mechanisms that influence hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Shivakumar
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA
| | - Madison B Wilken
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victor Tsao
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Hui D, Sanford E, Lorenz K, Damrauer SM, Assimes TL, Thom CS, Voight BF. Mendelian randomization analyses clarify the effects of height on cardiovascular diseases. medRxiv 2023:2021.12.16.21267869. [PMID: 37205563 PMCID: PMC10187353 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.16.21267869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An inverse correlation between stature and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been observed in several epidemiologic studies, and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments have suggested causal association. However, the extent to which the effect estimated by MR can be explained by established cardiovascular risk factors is unclear, with a recent report suggesting that lung function traits could fully explain the height-CAD effect. To clarify this relationship, we utilized a well-powered set of genetic instruments for human stature, comprising >1,800 genetic variants for height and CAD. In univariable analysis, we confirmed that a one standard deviation decrease in height (~6.5 cm) was associated with a 12.0% increase in the risk of CAD, consistent with previous reports. In multivariable analysis accounting for effects from up to 12 established risk factors, we observed a >3-fold attenuation in the causal effect of height on CAD susceptibility (3.7%, p = 0.02). However, multivariable analyses demonstrated independent effects of height on other cardiovascular traits beyond CAD, consistent with epidemiologic associations and univariable MR experiments. In contrast with published reports, we observed minimal effects of lung function traits on CAD risk in our analyses, indicating that these traits are unlikely to explain the residual association between height and CAD risk. In sum, these results suggest the impact of height on CAD risk beyond previously established cardiovascular risk factors is minimal and not explained by lung function measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hui
- Graduate Program in Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Sanford
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Lorenz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott M. Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Wilken MB, Maguire JA, Dungan LV, Gagne A, Osorio-Quintero C, Waxman EA, Chou ST, Gadue P, French DL, Thom CS. Generation of a human Tropomyosin 1 knockout iPSC line. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.03.539242. [PMID: 37205377 PMCID: PMC10187204 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The CHOPWT17_TPM1KOc28 iPSC line was generated to interrogate the functions of Tropomyosin 1 ( TPM1 ) in primary human cell development. This line was reprogrammed from a previously published wild type control iPSC line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison B Wilken
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lea V Dungan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Osorio-Quintero
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisa A Waxman
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Lorenz K, Thom CS, Adurty S, Voight BF. TSABL: Trait Specific Annotation Based Locus predictor. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:444. [PMID: 35705896 PMCID: PMC9202130 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of Genome Wide Associate Study (GWAS) loci fall in the non-coding genome, making causal variants difficult to identify and study. We hypothesized that the regulatory features underlying causal variants are biologically specific, identifiable from data, and that the regulatory architecture that influences one trait is distinct compared to biologically unrelated traits. RESULTS To better characterize and identify these variants, we used publicly available GWAS loci and genomic annotations to build 17 Trait Specific Annotation Based Locus (TSABL) predictors to identify differences between GWAS loci associated with different phenotypic trait groups. We used a penalized binomial logistic regression model to select trait relevant annotations and tested all models on a holdout set of loci not used for training in any trait. We were able to successfully build models for autoimmune, electrocardiogram, lipid, platelet, red blood cell, and white blood cell trait groups. We used these models both to prioritize variants in existing loci and to identify new genomic regions of interest. CONCLUSIONS We found that TSABL models identified biologically relevant regulatory features, and anticipate their future use to enhance the design and interpretation of genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lorenz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Thom CS, Wilken MB, Chou ST, Voight B. Body mass index and adipose distribution have opposing genetic impacts on human blood traits. eLife 2022; 11:75317. [PMID: 35166671 PMCID: PMC8884725 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI), hyperlipidemia, and truncal adipose distribution concordantly elevate cardiovascular disease risks, but have unknown genetic effects on blood trait variation. Using Mendelian randomization, we define unexpectedly opposing roles for increased BMI and truncal adipose distribution on blood traits. Elevated genetically determined BMI and lipid levels decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, consistent with clinical observations associating obesity and anemia. We found that lipid-related effects were confined to erythroid traits. In contrast, BMI affected multiple blood lineages, indicating broad effects on hematopoiesis. Increased truncal adipose distribution opposed BMI effects, increasing hemoglobin and blood cell counts across lineages. Conditional analyses indicated genes, pathways, and cell types responsible for these effects, including Leptin Receptor and other blood cell-extrinsic factors in adipocytes and endothelium that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell biology. Our findings identify novel roles for obesity on hematopoiesis, including a previously underappreciated role for genetically determined adipose distribution in determining blood cell formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Madison B Wilken
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Stella T Chou
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Ben Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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13
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Gu H, Devine M, Hedrick HL, Rintoul NE, Thom CS. High rate of extreme thrombocytosis indicates bone marrow hyperactivity and splenic dysfunction among congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients. Platelets 2021; 33:787-789. [PMID: 34697983 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1994546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric extreme thrombocytosis (EXT, platelet count > 1000 x 103/µL) is rare. In a single center retrospective analysis of hospitalized children with EXT, infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) were overrepresented. In general pediatric patients, EXT is usually secondary to infection or inflammation, but most of the 14 CDH patients with EXT had no identifiable inciting factor. Instead, there was evidence that splenic dysfunction and bone marrow hyperactivity underlied EXT in CDH patients. None were associated with bleeding or thrombosis. Our findings identify mechanisms underlying EXT, and aid clinical interpretation and management of EXT in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gu
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Devine
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly L Hedrick
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Rintoul
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Thom CS, Ding Z, Levin MG, Damrauer SM, Lee KM, Lynch J, Chang KM, Tsao PS, Cho K, Wilson PWF, Assimes TL, Sun YV, O'Donnell CJ, Vujkovic M, Voight BF. Genetic determinants of increased body mass index mediate the effect of smoking on increased risk for type 2 diabetes but not coronary artery disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3327-3337. [PMID: 32833022 PMCID: PMC7689293 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations have linked tobacco smoking with increased type 2 diabetes risk. Mendelian randomization analysis has recently suggested smoking may be a causal risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, this association could be mediated by additional risk factors correlated with smoking behavior, which have not been investigated. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could help to explain the association between smoking and diabetes risk. First, we confirmed that genetic determinants of smoking initiation increased risk for type 2 diabetes (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15–1.27, P = 1 × 10−12) and coronary artery disease (CAD; OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16–1.26, P = 2 × 10−20). Additionally, 2-fold increased smoking risk was positively associated with increased BMI (~0.8 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98 kg/m2, P = 1.8 × 10−11). Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses showed that BMI accounted for nearly all the risk smoking exerted on type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11, P = 0.03). In contrast, the independent effect of smoking on increased CAD risk persisted (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.17, P = 3 × 10−8). Causal mediation analyses agreed with these estimates. Furthermore, analysis using individual-level data from the Million Veteran Program independently replicated the association of smoking behavior with CAD (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12–1.37, P = 2 × 10−5), but not type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.08, P = 0.69), after controlling for BMI. Our findings support a model whereby genetic determinants of smoking increase type 2 diabetes risk indirectly through their relationship with obesity. Smokers should be advised to stop smoking to limit type 2 diabetes and CAD risk. Therapeutic efforts should consider pathophysiology relating smoking and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhuoran Ding
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael G Levin
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Julie Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.,University of Massachusetts College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Thom CS, Deshmukh H, Soorikian L, Jacobs I, Fiadjoe JE, Lioy J. Airway emergency management in a pediatric hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 139:110458. [PMID: 33130467 PMCID: PMC7568466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children's hospitals frequently care for infants with various life-threatening airway anomalies. Management of these infants can be challenging given unique airway anatomy and potential malformations. Airway emergency management must be immediate and precise, often demanding specialized equipment and/or expertise. We developed a Neonatal-Infant Emergency Airway Program to improve medical responses, communication, equipment usage and outcomes for all infants requiring emergent airway interventions in our neonatal and infant intensive care unit (NICU). PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients admitted to our quaternary NICU from 2008 to 2019 were included in this study. Our program consisted of a multidisciplinary airway response team, pager system, and emergency equipment cart. Respiratory therapists present at each emergency event recorded specialist response times, equipment utilization, and outcomes. A multidisciplinary oversite committee reviewed each incident. RESULTS Since 2008, there were 159 airway emergency events in our NICU (~12 per year). Mean specialist response times decreased from 5.9 ± 4.9 min (2008-2012, mean ± SD) to 4.3 ± 2.2 min (2016-2019, p = 0.12), and the number of incidents with response times >5 min decreased from 28.8 ± 17.8% (2008-2012) to 9.3 ± 11.4% (2016-2019, p = 0.04 by linear regression). As our program became more standardized, we noted better equipment availability and subspecialist communication. Few emergency situations (n = 9, 6%) required operating room management. There were 3 patient deaths (2%). CONCLUSIONS Our airway safety program, including readily available specialists and equipment, facilitated effective resolution of airway emergencies in our NICU and multidisciplinary involvement enabled rapid and effective changes in response to COVID-19 regulations. A similar program could be implemented in other centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Neonatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leane Soorikian
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John E Fiadjoe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janet Lioy
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Neonatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Thom CS, Echevarria E, Osborne AD, Carr L, Rubey K, Salazar E, Callaway D, Pawlowski T, Devine M, Kleinman S, Witmer C, Flibotte J, Lambert MP. Extreme thrombocytosis is associated with critical illness and young age, but not increased thrombotic risk, in hospitalized pediatric patients. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3352-3358. [PMID: 32979018 PMCID: PMC7855272 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme thrombocytosis (EXT, platelet count > 1000 × 103 /μL) is an uncommon but potentially clinically significant finding. Primary EXT in the setting of myeloproliferative disorders is linked to thrombotic and/or bleeding complications more frequently than secondary EXT, which typically occurs in reaction to infection, inflammation, or iron deficiency. However, comorbidities have been reported in adults with secondary EXT. Clinical implications of EXT in children are not well defined, as prior studies targeted small and/or specialized pediatric populations. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine etiologies and sequelae of EXT in a hospitalized general pediatric patient population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed EXT cases from a single-center pediatric cohort of ~80 000 patients over 8 years. RESULTS Virtually all cases (99.8%) were secondary in nature, and most were multifactorial. Many cases of EXT occurred in children under 2 years old (47%) and/or during critical illness (55%). No thrombotic or bleeding events directly resulted from EXT, confirming a paucity of clinical complications associated with EXT in pediatric patients. There were indications that neonatal hematopoiesis and individual genetic variation influenced some cases, in addition to certain diagnoses (eg, sickle cell anemia) and clinical contexts (eg, asplenia). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that thrombotic events related to EXT are rare in pediatric patients, which can inform the use of empiric anti-platelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Echevarria
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley D Osborne
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah Carr
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn Rubey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle Callaway
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Pawlowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Devine
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Char Witmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Flibotte
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Thom CS, Deshmukh H, Soorikian L, Jacobs I, Fiadjoe JE, Lioy J. Airway emergency management in a pediatric hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. medRxiv 2020:2020.09.25.20201582. [PMID: 32995823 PMCID: PMC7523164 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Children's hospitals frequently care for infants with various life-threatening airway anomalies. Management of these infants can be challenging given unique airway anatomy and potential malformations. Airway emergency management must be immediate and precise, often demanding specialized equipment and/or expertise. We developed a Neonatal-Infant Airway Safety Program to improve medical responses, communication, equipment usage and outcomes for infants requiring emergent airway interventions. Patients and Methods All patients admitted to our quaternary neonatal and infant intensive care unit (NICU) from 2008-2019 were included in this study. Our program consisted of a multidisciplinary airway response team, pager system, and emergency equipment cart. Respiratory therapists present at each emergency event recorded specialist response times, equipment utilization, and outcomes. A multidisciplinary oversite committee reviewed each incident. Results Since 2008, there were 159 airway emergency events in our NICU (~12 per year). Mean specialist response times decreased from 5.9±4.9 min (2008-2012, mean±SD) to 4.3±2.2 min (2016-2019, p=0.12), and the number of incidents with response times >5 min decreased from 28.8±17.8% (2008-2012) to 9.3±11.4% (2016-2019, p=0.04 by linear regression). As our program became more standardized, we noted better equipment availability and subspecialist communication. Few emergency situations (n=9, 6%) required operating room management. There were 3 patient deaths (2%). Conclusions Our airway safety program, including readily available specialists and equipment, facilitated effective resolution of airway emergencies in our NICU and multidisciplinary involvement enabled rapid and effective changes in response to COVID-19 regulations. A similar program could be implemented in other centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Neonatology, Perelman School of Medicine at The
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Leane Soorikian
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Division of Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John E Fiadjoe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA
| | - Janet Lioy
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Neonatology, Perelman School of Medicine at The
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Lechauve C, Keith J, Khandros E, Fowler S, Mayberry K, Freiwan A, Thom CS, Delbini P, Romero EB, Zhang J, Motta I, Tillman H, Cappellini MD, Kundu M, Weiss MJ. The autophagy-activating kinase ULK1 mediates clearance of free α-globin in β-thalassemia. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/506/eaav4881. [PMID: 31434755 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In β-thalassemia, accumulated free α-globin forms intracellular precipitates that impair erythroid cell maturation and viability. Protein quality control systems mitigate β-thalassemia pathophysiology by degrading toxic free α-globin, although the associated mechanisms are poorly understood. We show that loss of the autophagy-activating Unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) gene in β-thalassemic mice reduces autophagic clearance of α-globin in red blood cell precursors and exacerbates disease phenotypes, whereas inactivation of the canonical autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) gene has relatively minor effects. Systemic treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin reduces α-globin precipitates and lessens pathologies in β-thalassemic mice via an ULK1-dependent pathway. Similarly, rapamycin reduces free α-globin accumulation in erythroblasts derived from CD34+ cells of β-thalassemic individuals. Our findings define a drug-regulatable pathway for ameliorating β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lechauve
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Eugene Khandros
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie Fowler
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kalin Mayberry
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Abdullah Freiwan
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christopher S Thom
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paola Delbini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Boada Romero
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Irene Motta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Heather Tillman
- Departments of Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M Domenica Cappellini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Departments of Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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19
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Thom CS, Voight BF. Genetic colocalization atlas points to common regulatory sites and genes for hematopoietic traits and hematopoietic contributions to disease phenotypes. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:89. [PMID: 32600345 PMCID: PMC7325014 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic associations link hematopoietic traits and disease end-points, but most causal variants and genes underlying these relationships are unknown. Here, we used genetic colocalization to nominate loci and genes related to shared genetic signal for hematopoietic, cardiovascular, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, and cancer phenotypes. METHODS Our aim was to identify colocalization sites for human traits among established genome-wide significant loci. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we determined loci where multiple traits colocalized at a false discovery rate < 5%. We then identified quantitative trait loci among colocalization sites to highlight related genes. In addition, we used Mendelian randomization analysis to further investigate certain trait relationships genome-wide. RESULTS Our findings recapitulated developmental hematopoietic lineage relationships, identified loci that linked traits with causal genetic relationships, and revealed novel trait associations. Out of 2706 loci with genome-wide significant signal for at least 1 blood trait, we identified 1779 unique sites (66%) with shared genetic signal for 2+ hematologic traits. We could assign some sites to specific developmental cell types during hematopoiesis based on affected traits, including those likely to impact hematopoietic progenitor cells and/or megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells. Through an expanded analysis of 70 human traits, we defined 2+ colocalizing traits at 2123 loci from an analysis of 9852 sites (22%) containing genome-wide significant signal for at least 1 GWAS trait. In addition to variants and genes underlying shared genetic signal between blood traits and disease phenotypes that had been previously related through Mendelian randomization studies, we defined loci and related genes underlying shared signal between eosinophil percentage and eczema. We also identified colocalizing signals in a number of clinically relevant coding mutations, including sites linking PTPN22 with Crohn's disease, NIPA with coronary artery disease and platelet trait variation, and the hemochromatosis gene HFE with altered lipid levels. Finally, we anticipate potential off-target effects on blood traits related novel therapeutic targets, including TRAIL. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a road map for gene validation experiments and novel therapeutics related to hematopoietic development, and offer a rationale for pleiotropic interactions between hematopoietic loci and disease end-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Mutations in the calcium channel gene Transient Receptor Potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) cause autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia, with phenotypes ranging from mild to perinatal lethality. A recent report detailed enhanced proplatelet formation and increased murine platelet count in the context of TRPV4 activation. No prior reports have described platelet count abnormalities in human TRPV4 disease. Here, we report a case of prolonged thrombocytosis in the context of TRPV4-associated metatropic dysplasia that was lethal in the infantile period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik Brandsma
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Thom CS, Devine M, Kleinman S, Jensen EA, Lambert MP, Padula MA. Neonatal platelet count trends during inhaled nitric oxide therapy. Br J Haematol 2020; 188:e28-e30. [PMID: 31840227 PMCID: PMC6982552 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
MESH Headings
- Administration, Inhalation
- Female
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/blood
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/drug therapy
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/blood
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/congenital
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/blood
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy
- Male
- Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage
- Platelet Count
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Devine
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Kleinman
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik A Jensen
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Padula
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Thom CS, Chou ST, French DL. Mechanistic and Translational Advances Using iPSC-Derived Blood Cells. J Exp Pathol (Wilmington) 2020; 1:36-44. [PMID: 33768218 PMCID: PMC7990314 DOI: 10.33696/pathology.1.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model systems can be used to produce blood cells for the study of both hematologic and non-hematologic disorders. This commentary discusses recent advances that have utilized iPSC-derived red blood cells, megakaryocytes, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells to model hematopoietic disorders. In addition, we review recent studies that have defined how microglial cells differentiated from iPSC-derived monocytes impact neurodegenerative disease. Related translational insights highlight the utility of iPSC models for studying pathologic anemia, bleeding, thrombosis, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, blood cancers, and neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Romasko EJ, Devkota B, Biswas S, Jayaraman V, Rajagopalan R, Dulik MC, Thom CS, Choi J, Jairam S, Scarano MI, Krantz ID, Spinner NB, Conlin LK, Lambert MP. Utility and limitations of exome sequencing in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric inherited platelet disorders. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:8-16. [PMID: 28960434 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inherited platelet disorders (IPD) are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that affect platelet number and function and often predispose to other significant medical complications. In spite of the identification of over 50 IPD disease-associated genes, a molecular diagnosis is only identified in a minority (10%) of affected patients without a clinically suspected etiology. We studied a cohort of 21 pediatric patients with suspected IPDs by exome sequencing (ES) to: (1) examine the performance of the exome test for IPD genes, (2) determine if this exome-wide diagnostic test provided a higher diagnostic yield than has been previously reported, (3) to evaluate the frequency of variants of uncertain significance identified, and (4) to identify candidate variants for functional evaluation in patients with an uncertain or negative diagnosis. We established a high priority gene list of 53 genes, evaluated exome capture kit performance, and determined the coverage for these genes and disease-related variants. We identified likely disease causing variants in 5 of the 21 probands (23.8%) and variants of uncertain significance in 52% of patients studied. In conclusion, ES has the potential to molecularly diagnose causes of IPD, and to identify candidate genes for functional evaluation. Robust exome sequencing also requires that coverage of genes known to be associated with clinical findings of interest need to be carefully examined and supplemented if necessary. Clinicians who undertake ES should understand the limitations of the test and the full significance of results that may be returned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Romasko
- Division of Human Genetics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Batsal Devkota
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Sawona Biswas
- Division of Human Genetics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Vijayakumar Jayaraman
- Division of Human Genetics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C. Dulik
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher S. Thom
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Division of Human Genetics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Sowmya Jairam
- Department of Pathology; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York
| | | | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy B. Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Laura K. Conlin
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Michele P. Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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24
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Thom CS, Traxler EA, Khandros E, Nickas JM, Zhou OY, Lazarus JE, Silva APG, Prabhu D, Yao Y, Aribeana C, Fuchs SY, Mackay JP, Holzbaur ELF, Weiss MJ. Trim58 degrades Dynein and regulates terminal erythropoiesis. Dev Cell 2014; 30:688-700. [PMID: 25241935 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
TRIM58 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase superfamily member implicated by genome-wide association studies to regulate human erythrocyte traits. Here, we show that Trim58 expression is induced during late erythropoiesis and that its depletion by small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) inhibits the maturation of late-stage nucleated erythroblasts to anucleate reticulocytes. Imaging flow cytometry studies demonstrate that Trim58 regulates polarization and/or extrusion of erythroblast nuclei. In vitro, Trim58 directly binds and ubiquitinates the intermediate chain of the microtubule motor dynein. In cells, Trim58 stimulates proteasome-dependent degradation of the dynein holoprotein complex. During erythropoiesis, Trim58 expression, dynein loss, and enucleation occur concomitantly, and all are inhibited by Trim58 shRNAs. Dynein regulates nuclear positioning and microtubule organization, both of which undergo dramatic changes during erythroblast enucleation. Thus, we propose that Trim58 promotes this process by eliminating dynein. Our findings identify an erythroid-specific regulator of enucleation and elucidate a previously unrecognized mechanism for controlling dynein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Traxler
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eugene Khandros
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jenna M Nickas
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olivia Y Zhou
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob E Lazarus
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ana P G Silva
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dolly Prabhu
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chiaka Aribeana
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Comparative Oncology Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Diseases affecting hemoglobin synthesis and function are extremely common worldwide. More than 1000 naturally occurring human hemoglobin variants with single amino acid substitutions throughout the molecule have been discovered, mainly through their clinical and/or laboratory manifestations. These variants alter hemoglobin structure and biochemical properties with physiological effects ranging from insignificant to severe. Studies of these mutations in patients and in the laboratory have produced a wealth of information on hemoglobin biochemistry and biology with significant implications for hematology practice. More generally, landmark studies of hemoglobin performed over the past 60 years have established important paradigms for the disciplines of structural biology, genetics, biochemistry, and medicine. Here we review the major classes of hemoglobin variants, emphasizing general concepts and illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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26
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Mora-Blanco EL, Mishina Y, Tillman EJ, Cho YJ, Thom CS, Pomeroy SL, Shao W, Roberts CWM. Activation of β-catenin/TCF targets following loss of the tumor suppressor SNF5. Oncogene 2013; 33:933-8. [PMID: 23435428 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is a master regulator of developmental cell-fate decisions, although the key target pathways are poorly characterized. Here, we interrogated the contribution of the SWI/SNF subunit and tumor suppressor SNF5 to the regulation of developmental pathways using conditional mouse and cell culture models. We find that loss of SNF5 phenocopies β-catenin hyperactivation and that SNF5 is essential for regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway target expression. These data provide insight into chromatin-based mechanisms that underlie developmental regulation and elucidate the emerging theme that mutation of this tumor suppressor complex can activate developmental pathways by uncoupling them from upstream control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Mora-Blanco
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Mishina
- Novartis Institute For Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E J Tillman
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y-J Cho
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C S Thom
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Shao
- Novartis Institute For Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C W M Roberts
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Wang X, Werneck MBF, Wilson BG, Kim HJ, Kluk MJ, Thom CS, Wischhusen JW, Evans JA, Jesneck JL, Nguyen P, Sansam CG, Cantor H, Roberts CWM. TCR-dependent transformation of mature memory phenotype T cells in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3834-45. [PMID: 21926465 PMCID: PMC3195451 DOI: 10.1172/jci37210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental goal in cancer research is the identification of the cell types and signaling pathways capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth, as this has the potential to reveal therapeutic targets. Stem and progenitor cells have been implicated in the genesis of select lymphoid malignancies. However, the identity of the cells in which mature lymphoid neoplasms are initiated remains unclear. Here, we investigate the origin of peripheral T cell lymphomas using mice in which Snf5, a chromatin remodelling-complex subunit with tumor suppressor activity, could be conditionally inactivated in developing T cells. In this model of mature peripheral T cell lymphomas, the cell of origin was a mature CD44hiCD122loCD8⁺ T cell that resembled a subset of memory cells that has capacity for self-renewal and robust expansion, features shared with stem cells. Further analysis showed that Snf5 loss led to activation of a Myc-driven signaling network and stem cell transcriptional program. Finally, lymphomagenesis and lymphoma proliferation depended upon TCR signaling, establishing what we believe to be a new paradigm for lymphoid malignancy growth. These findings suggest that the self-renewal and robust proliferative capacities of memory T cells are associated with vulnerability to oncogenic transformation. Our findings further suggest that agents that impinge upon TCR signaling may represent an effective therapeutic modality for this class of lethal human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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28
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Wang X, Sansam CG, Thom CS, Metzger D, Evans JA, Nguyen PTL, Roberts CWM. Oncogenesis caused by loss of the SNF5 tumor suppressor is dependent on activity of BRG1, the ATPase of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8094-101. [PMID: 19789351 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in chromatin play an important role in oncogenic transformation, although the underlying mechanisms are often poorly understood. The SWI/SNF complex contributes to epigenetic regulation by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to remodel chromatin and thus regulate transcription of target genes. SNF5, a core subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, is a potent tumor suppressor that is specifically inactivated in several types of human cancer. However, the mechanism by which SNF5 mutation leads to cancer and the role of SNF5 within the SWI/SNF complex remain largely unknown. It has been hypothesized that oncogenesis in the absence of SNF5 occurs due to a loss of function of the SWI/SNF complex. Here, we show, however, distinct effects for inactivation of Snf5 and the ATPase subunit Brg1 in primary cells. Further, using both human cell lines and mouse models, we show that cancer formation in the absence of SNF5 does not result from SWI/SNF inactivation but rather that oncogenesis is dependent on continued presence of BRG1. Collectively, our results show that cancer formation in the absence of SNF5 is dependent on the activity of the residual BRG1-containing SWI/SNF complex. These findings suggest that, much like the concept of oncogene addiction, targeted inhibition of SWI/SNF ATPase activity may be an effective therapeutic approach for aggressive SNF5-deficient human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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