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Lewis CTA, Melhedegaard EG, Ognjanovic MM, Olsen MS, Laitila J, Seaborne RAE, Grønset MN, Zhang C, Iwamoto H, Hessel AL, Kuehn MN, Merino C, Amigó N, Fröbert O, Giroud S, Staples JF, Goropashnaya AV, Fedorov VB, Barnes BM, Tøien Ø, Drew KL, Sprenger RJ, Ochala J. Remodelling of Skeletal Muscle Myosin Metabolic States in Hibernating Mammals. bioRxiv 2024:2023.11.14.566992. [PMID: 38014200 PMCID: PMC10680686 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.566992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is a period of metabolic suppression utilized by many small and large mammal species to survive during winter periods. As the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, our study aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle myosin and its metabolic efficiency undergo alterations during hibernation to optimize energy utilization. We isolated muscle fibers from small hibernators, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus and Eliomys quercinus and larger hibernators, Ursus arctos and Ursus americanus. We then conducted loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments alongside X-ray diffraction to measure resting myosin dynamics and its ATP demand. In parallel, we performed multiple proteomics analyses. Our results showed a preservation of myosin structure in U. arctos and U. americanus during hibernation, whilst in I. tridecemlineatus and E. quercinus, changes in myosin metabolic states during torpor unexpectedly led to higher levels in energy expenditure of type II, fast-twitch muscle fibers at ambient lab temperatures (20°C). Upon repeating loaded Mant-ATP chase experiments at 8°C (near the body temperature of torpid animals), we found that myosin ATP consumption in type II muscle fibers was reduced by 77-107% during torpor compared to active periods. Additionally, we observed Myh2 hyper-phosphorylation during torpor in I. tridecemilineatus, which was predicted to stabilize the myosin molecule. This may act as a potential molecular mechanism mitigating myosin-associated increases in skeletal muscle energy expenditure during periods of torpor in response to cold exposure. Altogether, we demonstrate that resting myosin is altered in hibernating mammals, contributing to significant changes to the ATP consumption of skeletal muscle. Additionally, we observe that it is further altered in response to cold exposure and highlight myosin as a potentially contributor to skeletal muscle non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija M. Ognjanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde S. Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenni Laitila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert A. E. Seaborne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Spring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Anthony L. Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies Consultants, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michel N. Kuehn
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies Consultants, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Department of Cardiology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Energetics Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James F. Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna V. Goropashnaya
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Vadim B. Fedorov
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Brian M. Barnes
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Øivind Tøien
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kelly L. Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Ryan J. Sprenger
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ochala J, Lewis CTA, Beck T, Iwamoto H, Hessel AL, Campbell KS, Pyle WG. Predominant myosin superrelaxed state in canine myocardium with naturally occurring dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H585-H591. [PMID: 37505469 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00369.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a naturally occurring heart failure condition in humans and dogs, notably characterized by a reduced contractility and ejection fraction. As the identification of its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incomplete, the aim of the present study was to assess whether the molecular motor myosin and its known relaxed conformational states are altered in DCM. For that, we dissected and skinned thin cardiac strips from left ventricle obtained from six DCM Doberman Pinschers and six nonfailing (NF) controls. We then used a combination of Mant-ATP chase experiments and X-ray diffraction to assess both energetic and structural changes of myosin. Using the Mant-ATP chase protocol, we observed that in DCM dogs, the amount of myosin molecules in the ATP-conserving conformational state, also known as superrelaxed (SRX), is significantly increased when compared with NF dogs. This alteration can be rescued by applying EMD-57033, a small molecule activating myosin. Conversely, with X-ray diffraction, we found that in DCM dogs, there is a higher proportion of myosin heads in the vicinity of actin when compared with NF dogs (1,0 to 1,1 intensity ratio). Hence, we observed an uncoupling between energetic (Mant-ATP chase) and structural (X-ray diffraction) data. Taken together, these results may indicate that in the heart of Doberman Pinschers with DCM, myosin molecules are potentially stuck in a nonsequestered but ATP-conserving SRX state, that can be counterbalanced by EMD-57033 demonstrating the potential for a myosin-centered pharmacological treatment of DCM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The key finding of the present study is that, in left ventricles of dogs with a naturally occurring dilated cardiomyopathy, relaxed myosin molecules favor a nonsequestered superrelaxed state potentially impairing sarcomeric contractility. This alteration is rescuable by applying a small molecule activating myosin known as EMD-57033.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Beck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Anthony L Hessel
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Accelerated Muscle Biotechnologies, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Investigator Team, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Negoita F, Addinsall AB, Hellberg K, Bringas CF, Hafen PS, Sermersheim TJ, Agerholm M, Lewis CTA, Ahwazi D, Ling NXY, Larsen JK, Deshmukh AS, Hossain MA, Oakhill JS, Ochala J, Brault JJ, Sankar U, Drewry DH, Scott JW, Witczak CA, Sakamoto K. CaMKK2 is not involved in contraction-stimulated AMPK activation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101761. [PMID: 37380024 PMCID: PMC10362367 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gets activated in response to energetic stress such as contractions and plays a vital role in regulating various metabolic processes such as insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The main upstream kinase that activates AMPK through phosphorylation of α-AMPK Thr172 in skeletal muscle is LKB1, however some studies have suggested that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) acts as an alternative kinase to activate AMPK. We aimed to establish whether CaMKK2 is involved in activation of AMPK and promotion of glucose uptake following contractions in skeletal muscle. METHODS A recently developed CaMKK2 inhibitor (SGC-CAMKK2-1) alongside a structurally related but inactive compound (SGC-CAMKK2-1N), as well as CaMKK2 knock-out (KO) mice were used. In vitro kinase inhibition selectivity and efficacy assays, as well as cellular inhibition efficacy analyses of CaMKK inhibitors (STO-609 and SGC-CAMKK2-1) were performed. Phosphorylation and activity of AMPK following contractions (ex vivo) in mouse skeletal muscles treated with/without CaMKK inhibitors or isolated from wild-type (WT)/CaMKK2 KO mice were assessed. Camkk2 mRNA in mouse tissues was measured by qPCR. CaMKK2 protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting with or without prior enrichment of calmodulin-binding proteins from skeletal muscle extracts, as well as by mass spectrometry-based proteomics of mouse skeletal muscle and C2C12 myotubes. RESULTS STO-609 and SGC-CAMKK2-1 were equally potent and effective in inhibiting CaMKK2 in cell-free and cell-based assays, but SGC-CAMKK2-1 was much more selective. Contraction-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of AMPK were not affected with CaMKK inhibitors or in CaMKK2 null muscles. Contraction-stimulated glucose uptake was comparable between WT and CaMKK2 KO muscle. Both CaMKK inhibitors (STO-609 and SGC-CAMKK2-1) and the inactive compound (SGC-CAMKK2-1N) significantly inhibited contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. SGC-CAMKK2-1 also inhibited glucose uptake induced by a pharmacological AMPK activator or insulin. Relatively low levels of Camkk2 mRNA were detected in mouse skeletal muscle, but neither CaMKK2 protein nor its derived peptides were detectable in mouse skeletal muscle tissue. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of CaMKK2 does not affect contraction-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation and activation, as well as glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Previously observed inhibitory effect of STO-609 on AMPK activity and glucose uptake is likely due to off-target effects. CaMKK2 protein is either absent from adult murine skeletal muscle or below the detection limit of currently available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Negoita
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Alex B Addinsall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Conchita Fraguas Bringas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Paul S Hafen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Columbus, Columbus, IN 47203, USA
| | - Tyler J Sermersheim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Christopher T A Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Danial Ahwazi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Naomi X Y Ling
- Metabolic Signalling, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Jeppe K Larsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Mohammad A Hossain
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Uma Sankar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John W Scott
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Lewis CTA, Mascall KS, Wilson HM, Murray F, Kerr KM, Gibson G, Buchan K, Small GR, Nixon GF. An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis downregulated by hypoxia in human aortic valve stenosis promotes disease pathogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:25-37. [PMID: 36336008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in the western world. Central to the pathogenesis of this disease is the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) within the aortic valve allowing infiltration of immune cells and development of intra-valve inflammation. Identifying the cellular mediators involved in this angiogenesis is important as this may reveal new therapeutic targets which could ultimately prevent the progression of aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valves from patients undergoing surgery for aortic valve replacement or dilation of the aortic arch were examined both ex vivo and in vitro. We now demonstrate that the anti-angiogenic protein, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), a non-signalling soluble receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor, is constitutively expressed in non-diseased valves. sFlt-1 expression was, however, significantly reduced in aortic valve tissue from patients with aortic valve stenosis while protein markers of hypoxia were simultaneously increased. Exposure of primary-cultured valve interstitial cells to hypoxia resulted in a decrease in the expression of sFlt-1. We further reveal using a bioassay that siRNA knock-down of sFlt1 in valve interstitial cells directly results in a pro-angiogenic environment. Finally, incubation of aortic valves with sphingosine 1-phosphate, a bioactive lipid-mediator, increased sFlt-1 expression and inhibited angiogenesis within valve tissue. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sFlt1 expression is directly correlated with angiogenesis in aortic valves and the observed decrease in sFlt-1 expression in aortic valve stenosis could increase valve inflammation, promoting disease progression. This could be a viable therapeutic target in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T A Lewis
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith S Mascall
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - George Gibson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Keith Buchan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Gary R Small
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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Abstract
After years of intense research using structural, biological, and biochemical experimental procedures, it is clear that myosin molecules are essential for striated muscle contraction. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg of their function. Interestingly, it has been shown recently that these molecules (especially myosin heavy chains) are also crucial for cardiac and skeletal muscle resting state. In the present review, we first overview myosin heavy chain biochemical states and how they influence the consumption of ATP. We then detail how neighboring partner proteins including myosin light chains and myosin binding protein C intervene in such processes, modulating the ATP demand in health and disease. Finally, we present current experimental drugs targeting myosin ATP consumption and how they can treat muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. A. Lewis
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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