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Vetrivel C, Sivarasan G, Durairaj K, Ragavendran C, Kamaraj C, Karthika S, Lo HM. MoS 2-ZnO Nanocomposite Mediated Immunosensor for Non-Invasive Electrochemical Detection of IL8 Oral Tumor Biomarker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081464. [PMID: 37189565 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to support biomolecule attachment, an effective electrochemical transducer matrix for biosensing devices needs to have many specialized properties, including quick electron transfer, stability, high surface area, biocompatibility, and the presence of particular functional groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are common techniques used to assess biomarkers. Even though these techniques provide precise and trustworthy results, they cannot replace clinical applications because of factors such as detection time, sample amount, sensitivity, equipment expense, and the need for highly skilled individuals. For the very sensitive and targeted electrochemical detection of the salivary oral cancer biomarker IL8, we have created a flower-structured molybdenum disulfide-decorated zinc oxide composite on GCE (interleu-kin-8). This immunosensor shows very fast detection; the limit of detection (LOD) for interleukin-8 (IL8) detection in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was discovered to be 11.6 fM, while the MoS2/ZnO nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrated a high catalytic current linearly from 500 pg to 4500 pg mL-1 interleukin-8 (IL8). Therefore, the proposed biosensor exhibits excellent stability, high accuracy sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility and shows the acceptable fabrication of the electrochemical biosensors to detect the ACh in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cittrarasu Vetrivel
- Carbon Capture Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering Kalavakkam, Chennai 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Sivarasan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Kaliannan Durairaj
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankar Karthika
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Namakkal 637501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Huang-Mu Lo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
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Kamaraj C, Ragavendran C, Kumar RCS, Sabarathinam S, Vetrivel C, Vaithiyalingam M, Malafaia G. Synthesize palladium nanoparticles from the macroalgae Sargassum fusiforme: An eco-friendly tool in the fight against Plasmodium falciparum? Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159517. [PMID: 36302403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous drugs are practiced to control malaria and its vectors, more recently, eco-friendly control tools have been proposed to battle its etiologic agents. Thus, using green bionanotechnology approaches, we aimed to synthesize palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) from the macroalgae Sargassum fusiforme (Sf), its potential antiparasitic activity against P. falciparum, as well as its possible cytotoxicity, in HeLa cells. After the biosynthesis of the PdSf NPs, their characterization was carried out by UV-Vis, FESEM, and EDX analyses, and their hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and surface area were determined. Furthermore, the functional groups of the PdSf NPs were analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS. While PdSf NPs had an IC50 of 7.68 μg/mL (Chloroquine (CQ)-s) and 16.42 μg/mL, S. fusiforme extract had an IC50 of 14.38 μg/mL (CQ-s) and 35.27 μg/mL (CQ-r). With an IC50 value of 94.49 μg/mL, PdSf NPs exhibited the least toxic effect on the HeLa cells. The Lipinski rule of five and ADMET prediction were used to assess the in silico models of caffeine acid hexoside and quercetin 7-O-hexoside for the presence of drug-like properties. Pathogenic proteins, primarily responsible for motility, binding, and disease-causing, were the target of the structurally based docking studies between plant-derived compounds and pathogenic proteins. Thus, our study pioneered promising results that support the potential antiplasmodial activity of eco-friendly synthesized PdSf NPs using S. fusiforme extract against P. falciparum, opening perspectives for further exploration into the use of these NPs in malaria therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Drug Testing Laboratory, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R C Satish Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Drug Testing Laboratory, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarvesh Sabarathinam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Drug Testing Laboratory, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cittrarasu Vetrivel
- Carbon Capture Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental college, and Hospital. Saveetha institute of medical and Technical science, Chennai,Tamil N- 600 007, India
| | - Mariyappan Vaithiyalingam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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