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Gonzalez AL, Luciana L, Le Nevé C, Valantin J, Francols L, Gadot N, Vanbelle C, Davignon L, Broutier L. Staining and High-Resolution Imaging of Three-Dimensional Organoid and Spheroid Models. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33843937 DOI: 10.3791/62280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models, such as organoids and spheroids, are valuable tools for many applications including development and disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. To fully exploit these models, it is crucial to study them at cellular and subcellular levels. However, characterizing such in vitro 3D cell culture models can be technically challenging and requires specific expertise to perform effective analyses. Here, this paper provides detailed, robust, and complementary protocols to perform staining and subcellular resolution imaging of fixed in vitro 3D cell culture models ranging from 100 µm to several millimeters. These protocols are applicable to a wide variety of organoids and spheroids that differ in their cell-of-origin, morphology, and culture conditions. From 3D structure harvesting to image analysis, these protocols can be completed within 4-5 days. Briefly, 3D structures are collected, fixed, and can then be processed either through paraffin-embedding and histological/immunohistochemical staining, or directly immunolabeled and prepared for optical clearing and 3D reconstruction (200 µm depth) by confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lopez Gonzalez
- Childhood Cancer & Cell Death (C3), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon 69373
| | - Léa Luciana
- Childhood Cancer & Cell Death (C3), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon 69373
| | - Clémentine Le Nevé
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie Recherche, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL)
| | - Julie Valantin
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie Recherche, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL)
| | - Laura Francols
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie Recherche, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL)
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie Recherche, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL)
| | - Christophe Vanbelle
- Plateforme d'Imagerie cellulaire, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL)
| | | | - Laura Broutier
- Childhood Cancer & Cell Death (C3), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon 69373;
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Frau C, Jamard C, Delpouve G, Guardia GDA, Machon C, Pilati C, Nevé CL, Laurent-Puig P, Guitton J, Galante PAF, Penalva LO, Freund JN, de la Fouchardiere C, Plateroti M. Deciphering the Role of Intestinal Crypt Cell Populations in Resistance to Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2730-2744. [PMID: 33741693 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal crypts are composed of heterogeneous and highly plastic cell populations. Lgr5high-stem cells (SC) are responsible for homeostatic renewal, but other cells can revert to an SC-like phenotype to maintain epithelial integrity. Despite their distinct roles in orchestrating homeostasis, both populations have been designated as the putative "cell-of-origin" of colorectal cancer. However, their respective involvement in the emergence of drug-resistant cancer SCs (CSC), responsible for tumor relapse and associated with poor outcome of colorectal cancer, remains elusive. In this context, the intestinal SC/progenitor-marker Musashi1 (MSI1) is interesting as it plays important functions in intestinal homeostasis and is frequently overexpressed in human colorectal cancer. Therefore, our aims were: (i) to study the impact of chemotherapy on Lgr5-expressing and MSI1-expressing cell populations, (ii) to explore the effect of increased MSI1 levels in response to treatment, and (iii) to evaluate the relevance in human colorectal cancer. Engineered mouse models treated with the therapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil showed that upon increased MSI1 levels, Lgr5high SCs remain sensitive while Lgr5low progenitors reprogram to a drug-resistant phenotype. This resulted in the expansion of an MSI1-expressing cell subpopulation with improved resistance to DNA damage and increased detoxification, typical properties of dormant-CSCs that can reactivate after chemotherapy. Analysis in patients with colorectal cancer revealed a correlation between MSI1 levels and tumor grading, CSC phenotype, and chemoresistance. Altogether, these results shed new light on the biology and plasticity of normal crypt and cancer cell populations and also open new perspectives to target MSI1 to improve chemotherapy outcome. SIGNIFICANCE: This study unveils paradoxical roles for MSI1, underlining its importance in facilitating intestinal regeneration upon injury but also unraveling its new function in drug-resistant colorectal cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Jamard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gaspard Delpouve
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Christelle Machon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Pharmaco-toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Le Nevé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Pharmaco-toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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