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Mohn C, Troncoso G, Ossola C, Bozzini C, Elverdin JC, Fernández-Solari J. Deleterious effect of chronic high-dose ethanol intake on biomechanical bone properties and periodontal status. Odontology 2023:10.1007/s10266-023-00872-3. [PMID: 38157109 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of high-graduation chronic ethanol (EtOH) intake on bone and periodontal tissues of rats. Male Wistar rats (250 g) were divided into two groups of n = 12 each one. EtOH (5 ml of 3 g/kg) was administered to the experimental group by gastric gavage twice a day for 20 days and the control group received water under the same conditions. The rats were euthanized and used to perform biochemical determination in plasma and gingival tissue, and histological and biomechanical studies in the femur and mandibular tissues. Alcohol increased both TNFα (p < 0.01) and PGE2 (p < 0.05) in plasma and gingiva (p < 0.05) as compared to controls. In addition, EtOH increased the alveolar bone loss as evidenced by the increased distance between the cement enamel junction and the alveolar crest (p < 0.01), the lower % of interradicular bone expressed as bone area/total area (B.Ar/T.Ar, p < 0.05) and the larger periodontal space (p < 0.05), as compared to controls. Likewise, the mandibular microtomographic analysis in alcoholized rats revealed a lower % of interradicular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, p < 0.05), greater trabecular separation (p < 0.05) and greater % trabecular porosity (p < 0.05) than controls. No biomechanical alteration was observed in lower jaws, while the femur of alcoholized rats presented a decrease in the structural bone properties (p < 0.001), as a systemic consequence of deterioration of the diaphyseal architecture (p < 0.01) without changes in material properties. The consumption of high doses of alcohol produces deleterious effects on periodontal tissues that could be due not only to local but also systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mohn
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 3ºA, CABA, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gastón Troncoso
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 3ºA, CABA, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar Ossola
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 3ºA, CABA, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clarisa Bozzini
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 3ºA, CABA, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Elverdin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 3ºA, CABA, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Fernández-Solari
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, 3ºA, CABA, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ramírez D, Saba J, Turati J, Carniglia L, Imsen M, Mohn C, Scimonelli T, Durand D, Caruso C, Lasaga M. NDP-MSH reduces oxidative damage induced by palmitic acid in primary astrocytes. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12673. [PMID: 30712280 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings relate obesity to inflammation in key hypothalamic areas for body weight control. Hypothalamic inflammation has also been related to oxidative stress. Palmitic acid (PA) is the most abundant free fatty acid found in food, and in vitro studies indicate that it triggers a pro-inflammatory response in the brain. Melanocortins are neuropeptides with proven anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective action mediated by melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), but little is known about the effect of melanocortins on oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether melanocortins could alleviate oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet (HFD) model. We found that NDP-MSH treatment decreased PA-induced reactive oxygen species production in astrocytes, an effect blocked by the MC4R inhibitor JKC363. NDP-MSH abolished nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by PA and blocked the inhibitory effect of PA on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione levels while it also per se increased activity of SOD and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) antioxidant enzymes. However, HFD reduced hypothalamic MC4R and brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels, thereby preventing the neuroprotective mechanism induced by melanocortins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Ramírez
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Saba
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Turati
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lila Carniglia
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Imsen
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mohn
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Scimonelli
- IFEC-CONICET, Pharmacology Department, School of Chemistry, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela Durand
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caruso
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Prestifilippo JP, Fernández-Solari J, Martinel Lamas DJ, Rios CE, Mohn C, Perazzo JC, Rivera ES, Elverdin JC, Medina VA. Pharmacological targeting of histamine H4receptor in periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2016; 22:423-9. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JP Prestifilippo
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J Fernández-Solari
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - DJ Martinel Lamas
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); School of Medical Sciences; CONICET; Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - CE Rios
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C Mohn
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - JC Perazzo
- Pathophysiology; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - ES Rivera
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - JC Elverdin
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - VA Medina
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); School of Medical Sciences; CONICET; Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Mohn C, Häcker HG, Hilger RA, Gütschow M, Jaehde U. Defining the role of MRP-mediated efflux and glutathione in detoxification of oxaliplatin. Pharmazie 2013; 68:622-627. [PMID: 23923647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Albeit platinum complexes are widely used in cancer chemotherapy, their cellular processing has not been completely elucidated so far. In this study the effects of modulating multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)-mediated efflux and glutathione (GSH) depletion on the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin were assessed in a human ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line and its oxaliplatin-resistant variant. Upon oxaliplatin exposure, DNA platination was elevated by co-incubation with Gü83, a MRP1 and MRP2 inhibitor, but cytotoxicity was not increased. Addition of oxaliplatin did not alter the cellular GSH content. Following GSH depletion, platinum accumulation was unchanged but cytotoxicity was increased in oxaliplatin-sensitive cells. In conclusion, modulation of MRP-mediated efflux did not affect oxaliplatin cytotoxicity in the investigated cell lines. Intracellular GSH depletion seems to sensitize the cells but does not overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mohn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Germany
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Daneri C, Orozco AV, Bronzi D, Mohn C, Rastrilla AM, Sosa ZY. Involvement of the ganglion cholinergic receptors in gonadotropin-releasing hormone, catecholamines, and progesterone release in the rat ovary. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:2062-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ziegler CG, Mohn C, Lamounier-Zepter V, Rettori V, Bornstein SR, Krug AW, Ehrhart-Bornstein M. Expression and function of endocannabinoid receptors in the human adrenal cortex. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:88-92. [PMID: 19862666 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoids are important signaling molecules in neuroendocrine control of homeostatic and reproductive functions including stress response and energy metabolism. The hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei have been shown to release endocannabinoids, which act as retrograde messengers to modulate the synaptic release of glutamate during stress response. This study endeavors to elucidate possible interaction of the endocannabinoid system with the regulation of adrenocortical function at the adrenal level. Human adrenocortical NCI-H295R cells and normal human adrenal glands were used to study the possible effects of anandamide and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist SR141716A on aldosterone and cortisol secretion. Our data indicate the expression of CB1 in human adrenal cortex and adrenocortical NCI-H295R cells; CB2 was not expressed. Furthermore, anandamide inhibited basal release and stimulated release of adrenocortical steroids (corticosterone and aldosterone); this effect was reversed by CB1 antagonist (SR141716A). Therefore, the endocannabinoid system at the level of the adrenal, can directly influence adrenocortical steroidogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Cortex/cytology
- Adrenal Cortex/drug effects
- Adrenal Cortex/metabolism
- Aldosterone/metabolism
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Endocannabinoids
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/metabolism
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rimonabant
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Ziegler
- Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Department of Medicine III, Dresden, Germany
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De Laurentiis A, Fernández Solari J, Mohn C, Zorrilla Zubilete M, Rettori V. Endocannabinoid system participates in neuroendocrine control of homeostasis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010; 17:153-6. [PMID: 20134190 DOI: 10.1159/000258711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system plays a role in homeostasis under a variety of stress conditions, including endotoxemia. Oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (VP) are important hormones synthesized by neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and released into different brain regions and from the neurohypophyseal terminals into the blood in response to many patho-physiological stimuli. However, the mechanism that controls OXT and VP secretion has not been fully elucidated. Nitric oxide (NO) is a known mediator that regulates the release of these hormones. The endocannabinoid system is a new intercellular system that modulates several neuroendocrine actions. Endocannabinoids (eCB) are released as retrograde messengers by many neurons, including hypothalamic magnocellular neurons and cannabinoid receptors are localized within these neurons, as well as in the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes, suggesting an eCB role in the production and release of OXT and VP. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection is a model used as immune challenge. LPS causes a neuroendocrine response that is mediated by cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha being one of them. We focused on NO and endocannabinoid system participation on OXT and VP production and secretion during basal and stress conditions and found that eCB affect basal OXT and VP secretion by acting differently at each level of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. After LPS, there is an increase in eCB synthesis that enhances OXT secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Laurentiis
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rettori V, Fernandez-Solari J, Mohn C, Zubilete MAZ, De La Cal C, Prestifilippo JP, De Laurentiis A. Nitric Oxide at the Crossroad of Immunoneuroendocrine Interactions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1153:35-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prestifilippo JP, Fernández-Solari J, Mohn C, De Laurentiis A, McCann SM, Dees W, Rettori V. Effect of manganese on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion in adult male rats. Toxicol Sci 2007; 97:75-80. [PMID: 17290048 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently studies have demonstrated that low doses of (Mn(+2)) in the form of manganese chloride can stimulate specific puberty-related hormones and advance signs of pubertal development in immature female and male rats. In the present study, we used an in vitro system to evaluate the ability of 0, 50, 250, and 500 microM doses of Mn(+2) to stimulate luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion and to assess the hypothalamic mechanism of this action in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We demonstrated that Mn(+2) at 500 microM, but not the lower doses, increased LHRH release, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity, and the content of cyclic cGMP in the medial basal hypothalamus. Inhibition of NOS with a competitive inhibitor (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) prevented the Mn-induced increase in LHRH release. Additionally, methylene blue and KT5823, specific inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase and protein kinase G (PKG), respectively, also blocked the stimulatory effect of Mn(+2) on LHRH release. These in vitro studies demonstrated that the hypothalamic mechanism of Mn(+2) action in adult males is by activation of the NOS/NO system, resulting in increases in cGMP and PKG and thus the secretion of LHRH from the nerve terminals. These results indicate Mn(+2) can cause LHRH release in adult males, and this action is discussed in relation to age, gender, as well as mechanistic and functional differences between adult and immature animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Prestifilippo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rettori V, Fernandez-Solari J, Prestifilippo JP, Mohn C, De Laurentiis A, Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Elverdin JC, McCann SM. Endocannabinoids in TNF-alpha and ethanol actions. Neuroimmunomodulation 2007; 14:188-92. [PMID: 18073513 DOI: 10.1159/000110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During marijuana and alcohol consumption as well as during inflammation the reproductive axis is inhibited, mainly through the inhibition of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release. In male rats, this inhibitory effect is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of hypothalamic cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1). During inflammation, this activation of the endocannabinoid system seems to be mediated by an increase in TNF-alpha production followed by anandamide augmentations, similarly the effect of intragastric administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) seems to be due to an increase in anandamide. On the other hand, a number of different actions mediated by the endocannabinoid system in various organs and tissues have been described. Both cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, are localized in the submandibular gland where they mediate the inhibitory effect of intrasubmandibular injections of the endocannabinoid anandamide (6 x 10(-5)M) on salivary secretion. Lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg/3 h) injected intraperitoneally and ethanol (3 g/kg/1 h) injected intragastrically inhibited the salivary secretion induced by the sialogogue metacholine; this inhibitory effect was blocked by CB1 and/or CB2 receptor antagonists. Similar to the hypothalamus, these effects seem to be mediated by increased anandamide. In summary, similar mechanisms mediate the inhibitory actions of endocannabinoids and cannabinoids in both hypothalamus and submandibular gland during drug consumption and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rettori
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Scorticati C, Fernández-Solari J, De Laurentiis A, Mohn C, Prestifilippo JP, Lasaga M, Seilicovich A, Billi S, Franchi A, McCann SM, Rettori V. The inhibitory effect of anandamide on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion is reversed by estrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:11891-6. [PMID: 15280536 PMCID: PMC511070 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404366101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibited luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in male rats, we hypothesized that the endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), would act similarly. AEA microinjected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) decreased plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) at 30 min in comparison to values in controls (P < 0.001). The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1-r)-specific antagonist, [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide] (AM251), produced a significant elevation in plasma LH (P < 0.01). AEA (10(-9) M) decreased LHRH release from medial basal hypothalami incubated in vitro. These results support the concept that endogenous AEA inhibits LHRH followed by decreased LH release in male rats. In ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, AEA i.c.v. also inhibited LH release, but in this case AM251 had an even greater inhibitory effect than AEA. In vitro, AEA had no effect on LHRH in OVX rats. It seems that endogenous AEA inhibits LHRH followed by decreased LH release in OVX rats but that AM251 has an inhibitory action in this case. In striking contrast, in OVX, estrogen-primed (OVX-E) rats, AEA i.c.v. instead of decreasing LH, increased its release. This effect was completely blocked by previous injection of AM251. When medial basal hypothalami of OVX-E rats were incubated, AEA increased LHRH release. The synthesized AEA was higher in OVX-E rats than in OVX and males, indicating that estrogen modifies endocannabinoid levels and effects. The results are interpreted to mean that sex steroids have profound effects to modify the response to AEA. It inhibits LHRH and consequently diminishes LH release in males and OVX females, but stimulates LHRH followed by increased LH release in OVX-E-primed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Scorticati
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Serrano 669, 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Reynoso R, Mohn C, Szwarcfarb B, Ponzo O, Carbone S, Scacchi P, Moguilevsky JA. Hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase activity during sexual maturation in female rats. Effects of estrogens. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2004; 25:219-22. [PMID: 15349089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the hypothalamic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS, the enzyme involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide NO) during sexual maturation in prepubertal (15 days old) and peripubertal female rats (30 days old) as well as the effect of estradiol administration on this neurotransmitter system. METHODS Hypothalamic samples containing the anterior preoptic and medial basal areas (APOA-MBH) were homogenized with HEPES 20 mM, pH = 7.4 and NOS activity was determined in APO-MBH after 10 minutes of incubation by the conversion of 14C arginine to 14C citrulline. RESULTS The hypothalamic concentration of NOS is significantly higher in peripubertal than in prepubertal rats. Treatment with EB increased significantly the activity of the enzyme in both groups compared with control and the increases was similar at both ages. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly demonstrated that the hypothalamic NOS activity increases in peripubertal rats as compared with prepubertal animals. Estradiol has a similar stimulatory effect on hypothalamic NOS activity at both ages of sexual maturation, indicating that the increase in NOS during sexual maturation is connected with the peripubertal increase of estradiol rather than an increase in the sensitivity of the enzyme to the ovarian hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Reynoso
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fernández-Solari J, Scorticati C, Mohn C, De Laurentiis A, Billi S, Franchi A, McCann SM, Rettori V. Alcohol inhibits luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by activating the endocannabinoid system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:3264-8. [PMID: 14981261 PMCID: PMC365778 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307346101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that ethanol (EtOH) might act through the endocannabinoid system to inhibit luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release. Therefore, we examined the mechanism by which EtOH and anandamide (AEA), an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibit LHRH release from incubated medial basal hypothalamic explants. In previous work, we demonstrated that EtOH inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-stimulated release of LHRH by increasing the release of two neurotransmitters: beta-endorphin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present work, bicuculline, a GABAergic antagonist, completely prevented the inhibition of AEA (10(-9)M) on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced LHRH release, but naltrexone, a micro-opioid receptor antagonist, had no effect. AEA also significantly increased GABA release but had no effect on beta-endorphin release. Therefore, AEA could inhibit LHRH release by increasing GABA but not beta-endorphin release. Because EtOH and AEA acted similarly to inhibit LHRH release, we investigated whether both substances would affect the adenylate cyclase activity acting through the same GTP-coupled receptors, the cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1-rs). AEA and EtOH (10(-1)M) reduced the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of cAMP, but AM251, a specific antagonist of CB1-r, significantly blocked that inhibition. Additionally we investigated whether CB1-r is involved in the inhibition of LHRH by EtOH and AEA. AEA and EtOH reduced forskolin-stimulated LHRH release, but AM251 significantly blocked that inhibition. Also, we demonstrated that EtOH did not act by increasing AEA synthase activity to inhibit LHRH release in our experimental conditions. Therefore, our results indicate that EtOH inhibits the release of LHRH acting through the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Solari
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Serrano 669, 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Caruso C, Mohn C, Karara AL, Rettori V, Watanobe H, Schiöth HB, Seilicovich A, Lasaga M. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone through melanocortin-4 receptor inhibits nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase expression in the hypothalamus of male rats. Neuroendocrinology 2004; 79:278-86. [PMID: 15218320 DOI: 10.1159/000079321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions within the brain. In this study, we tested whether these actions are due to inhibition of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since melanocortin subtype MC4 receptor has been detected in the hypothalamus, we investigated the effect of central administration of alpha-MSH and HS024 (a selective MC4 receptor antagonist) on the gene expression of inducible, neuronal and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS, nNOS and eNOS) and on cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of LPS-treated male Wistar rats. Peripheral administration of LPS (250 microg/rat, 3 h) induced iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in the MBH. This stimulatory effect was reduced by alpha-MSH (3 nmol/rat) injected 30 min before LPS. alpha-MSH and HS024 (1 nmol/rat) alone had no effect on iNOS and COX-2 expression. The action of alpha-MSH on LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels was not observed in the presence of HS024, suggesting that MC4-R may be involved in the modulatory effect of alpha-MSH. None of these treatments produced any modifications in nNOS, eNOS and COX-1 expression in MBH. The increase in serum corticosterone levels induced by LPS was attenuated by alpha-MSH. Both LPS and alpha-MSH decreased serum LH and prolactin levels. HS024 failed to modify the inhibitory effects of LPS and alpha-MSH on prolactin release but reverted the effect of LPS on LH secretion, indicating that MC4-R activation may be involved in the effects of alpha-MSH on LH secretion in male rats. When we examined the in vitro effect of LPS (10 microg/ml) and LPS plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 100 ng/ml) on iNOS expression in MBH, an increase in iNOS mRNA levels was observed only in the presence of LPS + IFN-gamma. This stimulatory effect was attenuated in the presence of alpha-MSH (5 microM), which by itself had no effect. No changes were found in nNOS, eNOS, COX-1 or COX-2 expression. These results indicate that alpha-MSH reduces the induction of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression at the hypothalamic level during endotoxemia and suggest that endogenous alpha-MSH may exert an inhibitory tone on iNOS and COX-2 transcription via MC4 receptors acting as a local anti-inflammatory agent within the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Caruso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rettori V, Mohn C, Scorticati C, Vissio P, Cella M, Farina M, Franchi A, McCann SM. Effect of neurogenic stress and ethanol on nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase activities in rat adrenals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 992:86-98. [PMID: 12794049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Repeated restraint stress (RRS) in male rats activated the pituitary adrenal system, as indicated by increases in adrenal weight and plasma corticosterone concentration that were accompanied by a decrease in constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), but not inducible NOS (iNOS). iNOS activated cyclooxgenase, causing elevated prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and F(2 alpha) in the adrenals, but had no effect on lipoxygenase. Administration of ethanol (ETOH) was also associated with elevated adrenal weight and a slight increase in corticosterone coupled with a decrease in both cNOS and iNOS and PGs in the adrenal. When ETOH was administered together with RRS, a decrease in iNOS and PGE release was noted consequent to a reduction in iNOS. Thus, ETOH probably reduced RRS-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone release. Adrenals were incubated in vitro to further evaluate the role of NO in these processes. Results indicated that NO released by sodium nitroprusside increased corticosterone release presumably by activating guanylyl cyclase with production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), because although NO also increased PGE release, PGE(2) (10(-5)-10(-9) M) decreased corticosterone release, an effect that was highly significant at a concentration of 10(-7) M PGE(2). ETOH (100 mM) had no effect on corticosterone release and did not block the increase in corticosterone caused by NO; however, ETOH reduced PGE release into the medium and blocked PGE(2) release induced by NO. Consequently, NO activated corticosterone release not by PGs, but by activation of guanylyl cyclase and release of cGMP. PGs have a negative feedback to suppress corticosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rettori
- Centro de Estudios Farmacologicos y Botanicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Serrano 669, 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Faletti AG, Mohn C, Farina M, Lomniczi A, Rettori V. Interaction among beta-endorphin, nitric oxide and prostaglandins during ovulation in rats. Reproduction 2003; 125:469-77. [PMID: 12683918 DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1250469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between beta-endorphin and nitric oxide (NO) during the ovulatory process in rats. Immature rats were treated with equine chorionic gonadotrophin-hCG to induce ovulation. An intrabursal injection of beta-endorphin stimulated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. This effect was completely reversed when naltrexone was co-injected with beta-endorphin. The stimulatory action of beta-endorphin on NOS activity was studied to determine whether it was exerted via prostaglandins. Treatment with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) completely reversed the beta-endorphin-induced stimulation of NOS activity. Moreover, intrabursal injection of meloxicam, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2, increased NOS activity, but this effect was not altered by co-injection with beta-endorphin. The presence of both endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) in the ovary at 10 h after hCG treatment was studied by western blot analysis. Local administration of beta-endorphin inhibited the expression of eNOS protein, whereas expression of iNOS protein was not detectable. Ovarian beta-endorphin content was diminished at 10 h after hCG injection. Treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in vivo augmented the ovarian beta-endorphin content. In conclusion, these results indicate that beta-endorphin stimulates the activity of ovarian NOS indirectly by inhibiting prostaglandin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Faletti
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Serrano 669, (1414), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Compagnucci CV, Compagnucci GE, Lomniczi A, Mohn C, Vacas I, Cebral E, Elverdin JC, Friedman SM, Rettori V, Boyer PM. Effect of nutritional stress on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in the growing male rat. Neuroimmunomodulation 2003; 10:153-62. [PMID: 12481155 DOI: 10.1159/000067177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Nutritional dwarfing (ND) consists of a decrease in weight and height gain and delayed onset of puberty. The aim of the present investigation was to study the modifications induced in male rats by the nutritional stress of a mere 20% reduction in food intake which, however, started immediately after weaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS At weaning, male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Control (C) and ND. C rats were fed ad libitum with a balanced rodent diet. ND received 80% of the diet consumed by C for 4 weeks (T4); then they were fed ad libitum for another 4 (T8) and 8 weeks (T12). The rats were studied at T0, T4, T8 and T12 for the effects of nutritional stress and refeeding on nutritional status, body composition, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and sperm morphology and concentration. RESULTS ND body weight and length diminished vs. C (p < 0.001). ND body fat percentage decreased 40% (p < 0.001) without change in the percentage of body protein content. The hypothalamic content of LHRH did not change. However, FSH, LH and testosterone serum levels had significantly decreased (p < 0.001) at T4 in ND rats. A 48.4 % decrease in serum leptin in the ND group was observed at T4 (p < 0.05). The absolute testicular and seminal vesicle weight was significantly decreased by ND at T4 (p < 0.001). At T4 the percentage of anomalies of caudal spermatozoa increased in about 64% (p < 0.001) of ND vs. C rats, despite the unchanged sperm concentrations. All parameters normalized during refeeding. CONCLUSION In this model, a decrease in leptin due to nutritional stress could be responsible, at least in part, for the inhibition of reproductive function. Refeeding normalized all parameters studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia V Compagnucci
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Scorticati C, Mohn C, De Laurentiis A, Vissio P, Fernández Solari J, Seilicovich A, McCann SM, Rettori V. The effect of anandamide on prolactin secretion is modulated by estrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:2134-9. [PMID: 12578974 PMCID: PMC149971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0437924100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that endogenous cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) react with the active ingredient of marijuana, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. Two endogenous ligands activate these receptors. The principal one, anandamide (AEA), activates CB1. AEA and CB1 are localized to various neurons within the brain. Because Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibited prolactin (Prl) secretion following its intraventricular injection into male rats, we hypothesized that AEA would have a similar effect. Estrogen modifies many hormonal responses and is known to increase Prl secretion. Therefore, we hypothesized that responses to intraventricular AEA would change depending on the gonadal steroid environment. Consequently, we evaluated the effects of lateral cerebral ventricular microinjection of AEA (20 ng) into male, ovariectomized (OVX), and estrogen-primed (OVX-E) rats. AEA decreased plasma Prl in male rats, had little effect in OVX females, and increased Prl in OVX-E rats. The results were at least partially mediated by changes in dopaminergic turnover, altering the inhibitory dopaminergic control of Prl release by the anterior pituitary gland. Thus, dopamine turnover was increased in the male rats and decreased significantly in OVX and in OVX-E rats. The changes in Prl may be caused not only by altered dopamine input to the anterior pituitary gland but also by effects of AEA on other transmitters known to alter Prl release. Importantly, in OVX-E rats, the elevated Prl release and the response to AEA were blocked by the AEA antagonist, indicating that AEA is a synaptic transmitter released from neurons that decrease inhibitory control of Prl release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Scorticati
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Serrano 669, 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rettori V, Lomniczi A, Mohn C, Scorticati C, Vissio P, Lasaga M, Franchi A, McCann SM. Mechanisms of inhibition of LHRH release by alcohol and cannabinoids. Prog Brain Res 2003; 141:175-81. [PMID: 12508569 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(02)41092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rettori
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos CONICET, Serrano 669, 1414, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Reynoso R, Mohn C, Retory V, Szwarcfarb B, Carbone S, Rondina D, Moguilevsky JA. Changes in the effect of testosterone on hypothalamic nitric oxide synthetase during sexual maturation. Its relationship with GnRH release. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2002; 23:101-4. [PMID: 12011793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2002] [Accepted: 03/07/2002] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of testosterone administration to prepubertal (15 days old) and peripubertal rats (30 days old) on hypothalamic nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), and GnRH release. METHODS Hypothalamic samples containing the anterior preoptic and medial basal areas (APO-MBH) were incubated for 30 minutes in 500 l of Earle's medium with glucose (1 mg/ml) and bacitracin (20 mM). GnRH was determined by RIA in the medium and NOS activity was determined in APO-MBH after 10 min of incubation by the conversion of (14) C arginine to (14) C citrulline. RESULTS Treatment with testosterone propionate, significantly decreased NOS hypothalamic activity in prepubertal male rats. ( CONTROL 58.41 +/- 0.85; Testosterone: 25.61 +/- 1.40, p<0.001) and had no effect in peripubertal male rats (CONTROL 49.28 +/- 1.50; Testosterone 51.48 +/- 5.2 pmoles NO/10 min/hypothalamus). On the other hand, in prepubertal rats the treatment decreased Gn-RH release ( CONTROL 3.62 +/- 0.23; Testosterone: 1.38 +/- 0.11 (pg/ml medium, p<0.001) and had no effect on Gn-RH release in 30 days old rats ( CONTROL 3.65 +/- 0.33;Testosterone: 4.15 +/- 0.36 pg/ ml, medium). CONCLUSION These results clearly demonstrated that testosterone has an inhibitory effect on hypothalamic NOS activity in prepubertal rats while it did not affect the concentration of this neurotransmitter system in peripubertal rats. This pattern is similar to that observed with GnRH hypothalamic release since testosterone has an inhibitory effect in prepubertal rats and did not modify the GnRH release in peripubertal rats. Taking into account the well known stimulatory effect of NO on GnRH and the decrease in the sensitivity of GnRH-gonadotrophin axis to the inhibitory feedback effect of testosterone during sexual maturation and the onset of puberty, it is proposed that the changes here described are connected with maturational modifications in the sexual hormones on-GnRH axis connected with the onset of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Reynoso
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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De Laurentiis A, Pisera D, Caruso C, Candolfi M, Mohn C, Rettori V, Seilicovich A. Lipopolysaccharide- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced changes in prolactin secretion and dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2002; 10:30-9. [PMID: 12207161 DOI: 10.1159/000064412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects pituitary hormone secretion, including prolactin release, by inducing synthesis and release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Since prolactin is mainly under tonic inhibitory control of dopamine, we investigated the effect of LPS and TNF-alpha on the hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic system. LPS (100-250 microg/rat, i.p.) decreased serum prolactin levels after 1 or 3 h. Sulpiride, a dopaminergic antagonist, increased serum prolactin and blocked the inhibitory effect of LPS. LPS increased hypothalamic dopamine and DOPAC concentrations and the DOPAC/dopamine ratio both in mediobasal hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. LPS also enhanced dopamine and DOPAC concentration in the anterior pituitary. LPS elevated plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine but it did not modify the concentration of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the tissues studied. The administration of TNF-alpha (i.c.v., 1 h, 100 ng/rat) decreased serum prolactin but did not affect plasma catecholamine levels. TNF-alpha did not modify the DOPAC/dopamine ratio in hypothalamus or posterior pituitary but increased dopamine and DOPAC concentrations in the anterior pituitary. Incubations of hypothalamic explants showed that TNF-alpha did not modify in vitro basal dopamine release and reduced K(+)-evoked dopamine release. On the contrary, incubations of posterior pituitaries showed that TNF-alpha significantly increased basal and K(+)-evoked dopamine release. These results indicate that LPS and TNF-alpha increase dopamine turnover in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. This increase in dopaminergic activity could mediate the inhibitory effect of LPS and TNF-alpha on prolactin release. Furthermore, the increase in dopaminergic activity elicited by LPS could be mediated by an increase in hypothalamic TNF-alpha during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Laurentiis
- Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lomniczi A, Mohn C, Faletti A, Franchi A, McCann SM, Rettori V, Elverdin JC. Inhibition of salivary secretion by lipopolysaccharide: possible role of prostaglandins. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 281:E405-11. [PMID: 11440919 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inducible (calcium-independent) nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are important in the regulation of the function of different organs during infection. A single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg ip) within 6 h increased NOS activity (20%) and prostaglandin E (PGE) content (100%) in submandibular glands (SMG) and blocked stimulated salivary secretion in adult male rats. The administration of an iNOS synthesis inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), with LPS decreased NOS activity and PGE content. Furthermore, the administration of meloxicam (MLX), an inhibitor of COX-2, blocked the increase in PGE and the production of NO. The incubation of slices of SMG in the presence of 3-morpholinosydnonimine, a donor of NO, increased the release of PGE highly significantly. The incubation of SMG in the presence of a PGE(1) analog (alprostadil) increased the production of NO. These results indicate that LPS activates NOS, leading to NO release, which activates COX, generating PGEs that act back to further activate NOS, causing further generation of PGEs by activation of COX. Because the alprostadil administration inhibited stimulated salivation, LPS-induced inhibition of salivation appears to be caused by increased PGE production. Diminished salivary secretion produces poor oral health; thus the use of COX-2 inhibitors to counteract the effects of inhibited salivation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lomniczi
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Faculta de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1122, Argentina.
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Kenworthy CR, Morrish RB, Mohn C, Miller A, Swenson KA, McNeill C. Bilateral condylar movement patterns in adult subjects. J Orofac Pain 2001; 11:328-36. [PMID: 9656909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference between the temporomandibular condylar movement patterns of a symptomatic adult population and those of an asymptomatic adult population. Thirty-five volunteers who were not seeking treatment for TMD underwent two different assessments for TMD signs and symptoms: (1) a self-administered questionnaire and (2) a clinical examination. Based on the information obtained from the questionnaires, subjects were divided into "reported-symptomatic" and "reported-asymptomatic" groups. Based on the investigator's clinically evaluation of the same subjects, subjects were divided into "clinically symptomatic" and "clinically asymptomatic" groups. To compare condylar movement patterns, both groups of subjects then had their mandibular border condylar movements measured bilaterally using a sagittal recording device during maximum opening, maximum protrusion, and maximum left and right excursion movements. The patterns were separated into two broad groups, "symmetric" and "asymmetric." Symmetric gliding movements were defined as uninterrupted bilaterally mirror-like patterns of each condyle with a difference between left and right total length excursion not exceeding 2 mm during opening in the sagittal plane or horizontal plane. Our results show that 63% of the subjects who reported clinically asymptomatic for TMD demonstrated asymmetric condylar movements. However, 100% of the patients (n = 5) who reported clinically symptomatic for TMD exhibited asymmetric condylar movements. This finding suggests that, while a very high percentage of TMD subjects will have asymmetric condylar movements, condylar movements alone are not necessarily diagnostic of TMD, and the sagittal recording device may alert the clinician to abnormal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Kenworthy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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24
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Mohn C, Lomniczi A, Faletti A, Scorticati C, Elverdin JC, McCann SM, Rettori V. Effects of aminoguanidine and meloxicam on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E production induced by lipopolysaccharide in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary of the rat. Neuroimmunomodulation 2001; 9:276-85. [PMID: 11964522 DOI: 10.1159/000054290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into male rats activates genes that in turn induce many enzymes that participate in the animals' response to LPS. There is induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in many tissues. This induction could result from combination with cell surface LPS receptors that directly induce both genes, or the nitric oxide (NO) released as a result of iNOS induction could induce COX-2. METHODS To distinguish between these two possibilities, specific inhibitors of iNOS and COX-2 activity, aminoguanidine (AG) and meloxicam (MLX), respectively, were injected either peripherally or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), and their effect on NO and prostaglandin E (PGE) production induced by LPS in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and anterior pituitary gland (AP) were determined. RESULTS Peripheral injection of AG blocked iNOS-derived NO production in the AP but not in the MBH. When AG was injected i.c.v., iNOS-derived NO production in the MBH was blocked. MLX injected peripherally blocked COX-2-derived PGE(2) production in the MBH and AP, whereas AG injected peripherally or i.c.v. was ineffective. Since AG was only effective in blocking iNOS-derived NO production in the MBH when injected i.c.v., AG apparently does not effectively cross the blood brain barrier, whereas MLX injected peripherally inhibited PGE production, probably by inhibiting COX-2 activity in both the MBH and AP. AG was ineffective in preventing the increase in PGE derived from COX-2 in either the MBH or AP. CONCLUSION LPS directly induces both enzymes, iNOS and COX-2, in the hypothalamus and AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mohn
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Salmon-Ehr V, Mohn C, Bernard P. [Secondary longitudinal melanonychia secondary to onychophagia]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1999; 126:44-5. [PMID: 10095892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanonychia of the toenails sometimes results from repeated trauma. This etiology is rarely put forward in lesions affecting the fingernails. CASE REPORT A 44-year-old woman developed melanonychia affecting 9 fingernails. Genetic predisposition and drug, hormonal or infectious causes were ruled out and we postulated that the lesions were induced by nail biting. DISCUSSION Nail biting is known to lead to several types of lesions, including melanonychia. The lesions may sometimes disappear several months after stopping this habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salmon-Ehr
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU Robert Debré, Reims
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Casse V, Salmon-Ehr V, Mohn C, Kalis B. [Chronic depigmentation due to positive patch tests for methacryate derivatives]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998; 125:56-7. [PMID: 9747212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many chemical products are known to induce depigmentation. This phenomenon was never reported with methacrylates which are components of acrylic resine. CASE REPORT A female patient with artificial nails developed contact dermatitis. Localized depigmentation at the site of positive patch tests to methacrylates derivatives was observed. DISCUSSION The chemical substance could have a direct influence either by its toxic effect or by the induced inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Casse
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims
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27
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Kalis B, Mohn C, Gari M. [Cutaneomucous candidiasis]. Rev Prat 1984; 34:295-307. [PMID: 6701439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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