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Lopez-Barreda R, Schaigorodsky L, Rodríguez-Pinto C, Salas W, Muñoz Y, Betanco B, Angulo O, Huamán M, Lejbusiewicz G, Pedrero V, Pavlova M, Groot W, Ibla JC. Barriers to healthcare access for children with congenital heart disease in eight Latin American countries. Paediatr Anaesth 2024. [PMID: 38515426 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality from congenital heart disease has decreased considerably in the last two decades due to improvements in overall health care. However, there are barriers to access to healthcare in Latin America for this population, which could be related to factors such as healthcare system, policies, resources, geographic, cultural, educational, and psychological factors. Understanding the barriers to access to care is of paramount importance for the design and implementation of policies and facilitate the provision of care. AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the perception of barriers to access to health care on parents/guardians of children with congenital heart disease in selected Latin American countries. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study, in which parents/guardians or primary caregivers of children with congenital heart disease was recruited to participate and surveyed. Once the informed consent process had been completed, a set of paper-based scales was used to collect data, namely socioeconomic and demographic information, the Barriers to Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 286 participants completed the surveys, with an average age of 34.81 years and 73.4% being female. Mean score of overall barriers was 54.45 (minimum score 39, maximum score 195, higher scores show greater perception of barriers). In Mexico, the parents/guardians of children perceived fewer barriers to access (46.69), while Peru is the country where the most barriers were perceived (69.91). Nonpoor participants showed higher overall barrier perception scores (57.34) than poor participants (52.58). The regression analysis demonstrated the overall perception of barriers was positively associated with individual and social factors, such as educational level, contract status, household monthly income, and psychological well-being and with the country of the participants. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors are associated with the perception of barriers to accessing health care for children with congenital heart disease, including socioeconomic status, expectations, psychological well-being, and structural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Lopez-Barreda
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wilbaldo Salas
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Bianca Betanco
- Hospital Maria Especialidades Pediatricas, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Oscar Angulo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Huamán
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiovascular, INCOR, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Victor Pedrero
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milena Pavlova
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Groot
- Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan C Ibla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Llorente MR, Carton JA, Cárcaba V, Rodríguez-Pinto C, Maradona JA, Asensi V, Fernández-Urgellés M. [Antiphospholipid antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. Med Clin (Barc) 1994; 103:10-3. [PMID: 8051959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency, clinical significance and prognosis of the lupic anticoagulant and the anticardiolipin antibodies were analyzed in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. METHODS A group of 34 consecutive patients seropositive to HIV with lupic anticoagulant was studied in relation with 75 seropositive subjects without circulating anticoagulant and a control group of plasma of 23 seronegative individuals. The lengthening of thromboplastin time (relation > 1.3) was used as a screening test. The anticardiolipin antibodies IgG were studied by commercial enzymoimmunoassay. RESULTS Lupic anticoagulant was detected in 21% of the patients with AIDS and in 3% of the seropositive patients without AIDS. The anticoagulant was found in 13 of 53 cases with tuberculosis, in 8 of 57 with pneumonia by Pneumocystis carinii, in 4 of 32 with bacteremia and in 3 out of 8 with lymphoma. In another six patients other minor processes and/or HIV seropositivity were coexistent. Thrombosis was not seen in any case, and the rate of thrombocytopenia (18%) was that to be expected in this population. The patients with anticoagulant had a greater prevalence to developing AIDS, opportunistic infections and tuberculosis with respect to the seropositive group without anticoagulant, however, no differences were observed in the prevalence and levels of anticardiolipin antibodies and other nonspecific autoimmune phenomena. Periodic follow up of the patients with anticoagulant demonstrated persistence of the anticoagulant in 31% and reappearance of the same in 23% with new infections. CONCLUSIONS No correlation was found between the different antiphospholipid antibodies in the patient infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Low titers of anticardiolipin antibodies are indicative of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Llorente
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospitales de Cabueñes, Gijón
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