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Thümmler K, Wrzos C, Franz J, McElroy D, Cole JJ, Hayden L, Arseni D, Schwarz F, Junker A, Edgar JM, Kügler S, Neef A, Wolf F, Stadelmann C, Linington C. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9)-mediated neurodegeneration: Implications for progressive multiple sclerosis? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12935. [PMID: 37705188 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological and psychiatric conditions, but there is little or no consensus as to how individual FGF family members contribute to disease pathogenesis. Lesion development in MS is associated with increased expression of FGF1, FGF2 and FGF9, all of which modulate remyelination in a variety of experimental settings. However, FGF9 is also selectively upregulated in major depressive disorder (MDD), prompting us to speculate it may also have a direct effect on neuronal function and survival. METHODS Transcriptional profiling of myelinating cultures treated with FGF1, FGF2 or FGF9 was performed, and the effects of FGF9 on cortical neurons investigated using a combination of transcriptional, electrophysiological and immunofluorescence microscopic techniques. The in vivo effects of FGF9 were explored by stereotactic injection of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding either FGF9 or EGFP into the rat motor cortex. RESULTS Transcriptional profiling of myelinating cultures after FGF9 treatment revealed a distinct neuronal response with a pronounced downregulation of gene networks associated with axonal transport and synaptic function. In cortical neuronal cultures, FGF9 also rapidly downregulated expression of genes associated with synaptic function. This was associated with a complete block in the development of photo-inducible spiking activity, as demonstrated using multi-electrode recordings of channel rhodopsin-transfected rat cortical neurons in vitro and, ultimately, neuronal cell death. Overexpression of FGF9 in vivo resulted in rapid loss of neurons and subsequent development of chronic grey matter lesions with neuroaxonal reduction and ensuing myelin loss. CONCLUSIONS These observations identify overexpression of FGF9 as a mechanism by which neuroaxonal pathology could develop independently of immune-mediated demyelination in MS. We suggest targeting neuronal FGF9-dependent pathways may provide a novel strategy to slow if not halt neuroaxonal atrophy and loss in MS, MDD and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Thümmler
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Franz
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel McElroy
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J Cole
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorna Hayden
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diana Arseni
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Friedrich Schwarz
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Junker
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia M Edgar
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Institute for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Neef
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fred Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Network of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Network of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Enz LS, Winkler A, Wrzos C, Dasen B, Nessler S, Stadelmann C, Schaeren-Wiemers N. An Animal Model for Chronic Meningeal Inflammation and Inflammatory Demyelination of the Cerebral Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13893. [PMID: 37762198 PMCID: PMC10531364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling chronic cortical demyelination allows the study of long-lasting pathological changes observed in multiple sclerosis such as failure of remyelination, chronically disturbed functions of oligodendrocytes, neurons and astrocytes, brain atrophy and cognitive impairments. We aimed at generating an animal model for studying the consequences of chronic cortical demyelination and meningeal inflammation. To induce long-lasting cortical demyelination and chronic meningeal inflammation, we immunized female Lewis rats against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and injected lentiviruses for continuing overexpression of the cytokines TNFα and IFNγ in the cortical brain parenchyma. Immunization with MOG and overexpression of TNFα and IFNγ led to widespread subpial demyelination and meningeal inflammation that were stable for at least 10 weeks. We demonstrate here that immunization with MOG is necessary for acute as well as chronic cortical demyelination. In addition, long-lasting overexpression of TNFα and IFNγ in the brain parenchyma is sufficient to induce chronic meningeal inflammation. Our model simulates key features of chronic cortical demyelination and inflammation, reminiscent of human multiple sclerosis pathology. This will allow molecular, cellular and functional investigations for a better understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of the cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Simon Enz
- Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Anne Winkler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (S.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (S.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Boris Dasen
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Stefan Nessler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (S.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (S.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland;
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3
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Winkler A, Wrzos C, Haberl M, Weil MT, Gao M, Möbius W, Odoardi F, Thal DR, Chang M, Opdenakker G, Bennett JL, Nessler S, Stadelmann C. Blood-brain barrier resealing in neuromyelitis optica occurs independently of astrocyte regeneration. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141694. [PMID: 33645550 DOI: 10.1172/jci141694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 80% of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients harbor serum anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies targeting astrocytes in the CNS. Crucial for NMOSD lesion initiation is disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which allows the entrance of Abs and serum complement into the CNS and which is a target for new NMOSD therapies. Astrocytes have important functions in BBB maintenance; however, the influence of their loss and the role of immune cell infiltration on BBB permeability in NMOSD have not yet been investigated. Using an experimental model of targeted NMOSD lesions in rats, we demonstrate that astrocyte destruction coincides with a transient disruption of the BBB and a selective loss of occludin from tight junctions. It is noteworthy that BBB integrity is reestablished before astrocytes repopulate. Rather than persistent astrocyte loss, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the main mediators of BBB disruption, and their depletion preserves BBB integrity and prevents astrocyte loss. Inhibition of PMN chemoattraction, activation, and proteolytic function reduces lesion size. In summary, our data support a crucial role for PMNs in BBB disruption and NMOSD lesion development, rendering their recruitment and activation promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Haberl
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, and Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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4
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Bergner CG, van der Meer F, Winkler A, Wrzos C, Türkmen M, Valizada E, Fitzner D, Hametner S, Hartmann C, Pfeifenbring S, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Brück W, Nessler S, Stadelmann C. Microglia damage precedes major myelin breakdown in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and metachromatic leukodystrophy. Glia 2019; 67:1196-1209. [PMID: 30980503 PMCID: PMC6594046 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) are two relatively common examples of hereditary demyelinating diseases caused by a dysfunction of peroxisomal or lysosomal lipid degradation. In both conditions, accumulation of nondegraded lipids leads to the destruction of cerebral white matter. Because of their high lipid content, oligodendrocytes are considered key to the pathophysiology of these leukodystrophies. However, the response to allogeneic stem cell transplantation points to the relevance of cells related to the hematopoietic lineage. In the present study, we aimed to better characterize the pathogenetic role of microglia in the above-mentioned diseases. Applying recently established microglia markers to human autopsy cases of X-ALD and MLD we were able to delineate distinct lesion stages in evolving demyelinating lesions. The immune-phenotype of microglia was altered already early in lesion evolution, and microglia loss preceded full-blown myelin degeneration both in X-ALD and MLD. DNA fragmentation indicating phagocyte death was observed in areas showing microglia loss. The morphology and dynamics of phagocyte decay differed between the diseases and between lesion stages, hinting at distinct pathways of programmed cell death. In summary, the present study shows an early and severe damage to microglia in the pathogenesis of X-ALD and MLD. This hints at a central pathophysiologic role of these cells in the diseases and provides evidence for an ongoing transfer of toxic substrates primarily enriched in myelinating cells to microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Bergner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne Winkler
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mevlude Türkmen
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emil Valizada
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Fitzner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon Hametner
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Pfeifenbring
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Brück
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nessler
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Fard MK, van der Meer F, Sánchez P, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Mandad S, Jäkel S, Fornasiero EF, Schmitt S, Ehrlich M, Starost L, Kuhlmann T, Sergiou C, Schultz V, Wrzos C, Brück W, Urlaub H, Dimou L, Stadelmann C, Simons M. BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/419/eaam7816. [PMID: 29212715 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into brain function and disease depend on the precise classification of neural cell types. Cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage differ greatly in their morphology, but accurate identification has thus far only been possible for oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes in humans. We find that breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1) expression identifies an oligodendroglial subpopulation in the mouse and human brain. These cells are newly formed, myelinating oligodendrocytes that segregate from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes and mark regions of active myelin formation in development and in the adult. We find that BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but remain in the cortical gray matter until old age. BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed after experimental demyelination and found in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) even in a subset of patients with advanced disease. Our work identifies a means to map ongoing myelin formation in health and disease and presents a potential cellular target for remyelination therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam K Fard
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Franziska van der Meer
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paula Sánchez
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sunit Mandad
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Jäkel
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitt
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ehrlich
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Starost
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Sergiou
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Schultz
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leda Dimou
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80805 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 6250 Munich, Germany
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6
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Malviya M, Barman S, Golombeck KS, Planagumà J, Mannara F, Strutz-Seebohm N, Wrzos C, Demir F, Baksmeier C, Steckel J, Falk KK, Gross CC, Kovac S, Bönte K, Johnen A, Wandinger KP, Martín-García E, Becker AJ, Elger CE, Klöcker N, Wiendl H, Meuth SG, Hartung HP, Seebohm G, Leypoldt F, Maldonado R, Stadelmann C, Dalmau J, Melzer N, Goebels N. NMDAR encephalitis: passive transfer from man to mouse by a recombinant antibody. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:768-783. [PMID: 29159189 PMCID: PMC5682115 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autoimmune encephalitis is most frequently associated with anti‐NMDAR autoantibodies. Their pathogenic relevance has been suggested by passive transfer of patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in mice in vivo. We aimed to analyze the intrathecal plasma cell repertoire, identify autoantibody‐producing clones, and characterize their antibody signatures in recombinant form. Methods Patients with recent onset typical anti‐NMDAR encephalitis were subjected to flow cytometry analysis of the peripheral and intrathecal immune response before, during, and after immunotherapy. Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies (rhuMab) were cloned and expressed from matching immunoglobulin heavy‐ (IgH) and light‐chain (IgL) amplicons of clonally expanded intrathecal plasma cells (cePc) and tested for their pathogenic relevance. Results Intrathecal accumulation of B and plasma cells corresponded to the clinical course. The presence of cePc with hypermutated antigen receptors indicated an antigen‐driven intrathecal immune response. Consistently, a single recombinant human GluN1‐specific monoclonal antibody, rebuilt from intrathecal cePc, was sufficient to reproduce NMDAR epitope specificity in vitro. After intraventricular infusion in mice, it accumulated in the hippocampus, decreased synaptic NMDAR density, and caused severe reversible memory impairment, a key pathogenic feature of the human disease, in vivo. Interpretation A CNS‐specific humoral immune response is present in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis specifically targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. Using reverse genetics, we recovered the typical intrathecal antibody signature in recombinant form, and proved its pathogenic relevance by passive transfer of disease symptoms from man to mouse, providing the critical link between intrathecal immune response and the pathogenesis of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis as a humorally mediated autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Malviya
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany.,Present address: Centre Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan Université Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Sumanta Barman
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Jesús Planagumà
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Francesco Mannara
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia Universitat Pompeu Fabra Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Claudia Wrzos
- Institute of Neuropathology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany.,Present address: Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Christine Baksmeier
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Julia Steckel
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Kim Kristin Falk
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck/Kiel Schleswig-Holstein Germany
| | | | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Kathrin Bönte
- Department of Neurology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Andreas Johnen
- Department of Neurology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck/Kiel Schleswig-Holstein Germany
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia Universitat Pompeu Fabra Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert J Becker
- Department of Neuropathology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neurophysiology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH) University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck/Kiel Schleswig-Holstein Germany
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia Universitat Pompeu Fabra Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Josep Dalmau
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Barcelona Spain.,Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Nico Melzer
- Department of Neurology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Norbert Goebels
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
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7
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Lagumersindez-Denis N, Wrzos C, Mack M, Winkler A, van der Meer F, Reinert MC, Hollasch H, Flach A, Brühl H, Cullen E, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E, Linington C, Barrantes-Freer A, Metz I, Wegner C, Liebetanz D, Prinz M, Brück W, Stadelmann C, Nessler S. Differential contribution of immune effector mechanisms to cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:15-34. [PMID: 28386765 PMCID: PMC5486638 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cortical demyelination is a widely recognized hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and correlate of disease progression and cognitive decline. The pathomechanisms initiating and driving gray matter damage are only incompletely understood. Here, we determined the infiltrating leukocyte subpopulations in 26 cortical demyelinated lesions of biopsied MS patients and assessed their contribution to cortical lesion formation in a newly developed mouse model. We find that conformation-specific anti-myelin antibodies contribute to cortical demyelination even in the absence of the classical complement pathway. T cells and natural killer cells are relevant for intracortical type 2 but dispensable for subpial type 3 lesions, whereas CCR2+ monocytes are required for both. Depleting CCR2+ monocytes in marmoset monkeys with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a novel humanized CCR2 targeting antibody translates into significantly less cortical demyelination and disease severity. We conclude that biologics depleting CCR2+ monocytes might be attractive candidates for preventing cortical lesion formation and ameliorating disease progression in MS.
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8
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Schultz V, van der Meer F, Wrzos C, Scheidt U, Bahn E, Stadelmann C, Brück W, Junker A. Acutely damaged axons are remyelinated in multiple sclerosis and experimental models of demyelination. Glia 2017; 65:1350-1360. [PMID: 28560740 PMCID: PMC5518437 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination is in the center of new therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis to resolve and improve disease symptoms and protect axons from further damage. Although remyelination is considered beneficial in the long term, it is not known, whether this is also the case early in lesion formation. Additionally, the precise timing of acute axonal damage and remyelination has not been assessed so far. To shed light onto the interrelation between axons and the myelin sheath during de- and remyelination, we employed cuprizone- and focal lysolecithin-induced demyelination and performed time course experiments assessing the evolution of early and late stage remyelination and axonal damage. We observed damaged axons with signs of remyelination after cuprizone diet cessation and lysolecithin injection. Similar observations were made in early multiple sclerosis lesions. To assess the correlation of remyelination and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis lesions, we took advantage of a cohort of patients with early and late stage remyelinated lesions and assessed the number of APP- and SMI32- positive damaged axons and the density of SMI31-positive and silver impregnated preserved axons. Early de- and remyelinating lesions did not differ with respect to axonal density and axonal damage, but we observed a lower axonal density in late stage demyelinated multiple sclerosis lesions than in remyelinated multiple sclerosis lesions. Our findings suggest that remyelination may not only be protective over a long period of time, but may play an important role in the immediate axonal recuperation after a demyelinating insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schultz
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Franziska van der Meer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Uta Scheidt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Erik Bahn
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Andreas Junker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, D-45122, Germany
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Weil MT, Möbius W, Winkler A, Ruhwedel T, Wrzos C, Romanelli E, Bennett JL, Enz L, Goebels N, Nave KA, Kerschensteiner M, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Stadelmann C, Simons M. Loss of Myelin Basic Protein Function Triggers Myelin Breakdown in Models of Demyelinating Diseases. Cell Rep 2016. [PMID: 27346352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.008;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of myelin sheaths is a pathological hallmark of several autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. We employed autoantibody-mediated animal models of demyelinating diseases, including a rat model of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), to target myelin and found that myelin lamellae are broken down into vesicular structures at the innermost region of the myelin sheath. We demonstrated that myelin basic proteins (MBP), which form a polymer in between the myelin membrane layers, are targeted in these models. Elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels resulted in MBP network disassembly and myelin vesiculation. We propose that the aberrant phase transition of MBP molecules from their cohesive to soluble and non-adhesive state is a mechanism triggering myelin breakdown in NMO and possibly in other demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Weil
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Winkler
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Romanelli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximillians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Departments of Neurology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lukas Enz
- Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Goebels
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximillians University, 80539 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80805 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 6250 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Janova H, Böttcher C, Holtman IR, Regen T, van Rossum D, Götz A, Ernst AS, Fritsche C, Gertig U, Saiepour N, Gronke K, Wrzos C, Ribes S, Rolfes S, Weinstein J, Ehrenreich H, Pukrop T, Kopatz J, Stadelmann C, Salinas-Riester G, Weber MS, Prinz M, Brück W, Eggen BJ, Boddeke HW, Priller J, Hanisch UK. CD14 is a key organizer of microglial responses to CNS infection and injury. Glia 2015; 64:635-49. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Janova
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Inge R. Holtman
- Department of Neuroscience; Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen 9713AW The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz; Mainz 55131 Germany
| | - Denise van Rossum
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
- Sartorius-Stedim Biotech GmbH; Göttingen 37079 Germany
| | - Alexander Götz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Ernst
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Christin Fritsche
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Ulla Gertig
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Nasrin Saiepour
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Sandra Ribes
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Simone Rolfes
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin 10117 Germany
| | | | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen 37075
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Oncology and Hematology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Jens Kopatz
- Department of Neural Regeneration; Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn; Bonn 53127 Germany
| | | | | | - Martin S. Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology and BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling, University of Freiburg; Freiburg 79106 Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
| | - Bart J.L. Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience; Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen 9713AW The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus W.G.M. Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience; Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen 9713AW The Netherlands
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Uwe-Karsten Hanisch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen; Göttingen 37075 Germany
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig; Leipzig 04103 Germany
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12
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Winkler A, Wrzos C, Brück W, Bennett JL, Nessler S, Stadelmann C. Early breakdown of the blood–brain barrier in a model of neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boretius S, Escher A, Dallenga T, Wrzos C, Tammer R, Brück W, Nessler S, Frahm J, Stadelmann C. Assessment of lesion pathology in a new animal model of MS by multiparametric MRI and DTI. Neuroimage 2012; 59:2678-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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