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Sánchez Y, Castillo C, Fuentealba J, Sáez-Orellana F, Burgos CF, López JJ, F de la Torre A, Jiménez CA. New Benzodihydrofuran Derivatives Alter the Amyloid β Peptide Aggregation: Strategies To Develop New Anti-Alzheimer Drugs. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2590-2602. [PMID: 37480555 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the leading cause of dementia in elderly patients. Amyloid-β peptide (1-42 oligomers) has been identified as a neurotoxic factor, triggering many neuropathologic events. In this study, 15 chalcones were synthesized employing the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction, starting from a compound derived from fomannoxine, a natural benzodihydrofuran whose neuroprotective activity has been proven and reported, and methyl aromatic ketones with diverse patterns of halogenated substitution. As a result, chalcones were obtained, with good to excellent reaction yields from 50 to 98%. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed, and their cytoprotective effect against the toxicity associated with Aβ was evaluated on PC-12 cells. Out of the 15 chalcones obtained, only the 4-bromo substituted was cytotoxic at most tested concentrations. Three synthesized chalcones showed a cytoprotective effect against Aβ toxicity (over 37%). The 2,4,5-trifluoro substituted chalcone was the most promising series since it showed a cytoprotective impact with more than 60 ± 5% of recovery of cellular viability; however, 3-fluoro substituted compound also exhibited important values of recovery (50 ± 6%). The fluorine substitution pattern was shown to be more effective for cytoprotective activity. Specifically, substitution with fluorine in the 3,5-positions turned out to be particularly effective for cytoprotection. Furthermore, fluorinated compounds inhibited the aggregation rate of Aβ, suggesting a dual effect that can be the starting point of new molecules with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
| | - Carolina Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
| | - Francisco Sáez-Orellana
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
| | - Carlos Felipe Burgos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
| | - Jhon J López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
| | - Alexander F de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
| | - Claudio A Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion 4130000, Chile
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Matamala-Cea E, Becerra-Pino L, Rabanal-León WA, Arancibia R, Hidalgo PI, Jiménez CA, Novoa N. Preparation of dipolar Y(III)-based monoporphyrinate complexes: conventional vs microwave-assisted reaction and theoretical IR study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Concepción O, Peñaloza FJ, López JJ, Cabrera-Barjas G, Jiménez CA, Paixão MW, de la Torre AF. Ugi and Passerini reactions enable the incorporation of ΔAA into N-alkylated peptides and depsipeptides. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions enable the incorporation of different dehydroamino acids under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Concepción
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco J. Peñaloza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jhon Jairo López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Claudio A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Márcio W. Paixão
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, 13565-905
| | - Alexander F. de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Leyton A, Rabanal‐León WA, Murillo‐López JA, Belmar J, Concepción O, Torre AF, Muñiz FM, Báez R, Jiménez CA. Novel 2‐Pyrazolin‐5‐one Derivative through Unforeseen Orthoamide Intermediate: Mechanistic Insights on Isocyanide Based [4+1] Cycloaddition. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Leyton
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
| | - Walter A. Rabanal‐León
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
| | - Juliana Andrea Murillo‐López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100 Talcahuano Chile
| | - Julio Belmar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
| | - Odette Concepción
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
| | - Alexander F. Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
| | - Francisco M. Muñiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
| | - Reynier Báez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
| | - Claudio A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de Concepción Edmundo Larenas 129 Concepción P.C. 4070371 Chile
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Concepción O, Belmar J, F. de la Torre A, M. Muñiz F, Pertino MW, Alarcón B, Ormazabal V, Nova-Lamperti E, Zúñiga FA, Jiménez CA. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Analysis of Novel Myrtenyl Grafted Pseudo-Peptides Revealed Potential Candidates for Anticancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081911. [PMID: 32326138 PMCID: PMC7221699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtenal is a natural monoterpene isolated from essential oils of several plants and their derivates have shown to have several biological properties including cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of these derivates are being investigated for their antitumor effect leading to the development of potential anticancer agents. In this study, novels Myrtenyl grafted pseudo-peptides were designed, synthesized and functionally characterized as possible therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Thirteen novel Myrtenyl grafted pseudo-peptides were prepared in high atom economy and efficiency by a classic Ugi-4CR and sequential post-modification. Their structures were confirmed by NMR, and ESI-MS, and its cytotoxic activity was evaluated in three cancer cell lines and primary CD4+ T cells at different proliferative cycles. Our results revealed that some of these compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against human gastric, breast and colon adenocarcinoma cells lines, but not against human dermal fibroblast cell line. Moreover, from the thirteen novel myrtenyl synthesized the compound (1R,5S)-N-{[1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2–oxoethyl]-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-carboxamide (3b) proved to be the best candidate in terms of acceptable EC50, and Emax values in cancer cell lines and at inducing cytotoxicity in CD4+ T cells undergoing active proliferation, without affecting non-proliferating T cells. Overall, the synthesis and characterization of our Myrtenyl derivates revealed novel potential anticancer candidates with selective cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Concepción
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (C.A.J.); Tel.: +56-41-22042658 (O.C. & C.A.J.)
| | - Julio Belmar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
| | - Alexander F. de la Torre
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
| | - Francisco M. Muñiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
| | - Mariano W. Pertino
- Institute of Natural Resources Chemistry, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Avenida Lircay, Talca P.C. 3462227, Chile;
| | - Barbara Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (B.A.); (E.N.-L.); (F.A.Z.)
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile;
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (B.A.); (E.N.-L.); (F.A.Z.)
| | - Felipe A. Zúñiga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (B.A.); (E.N.-L.); (F.A.Z.)
| | - Claudio A. Jiménez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción P.C. 4070371, Chile; (J.B.); (A.F.d.l.T.); (F.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (C.A.J.); Tel.: +56-41-22042658 (O.C. & C.A.J.)
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Parra-Muñoz N, Hidalgo PI, Ripoll G, Belmar J, Pasán J, Jiménez CA. Influence of counterions on the supramolecular frameworks of isoquinoline-based silver(i) complexes. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01411j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of seven new Ag(i) complexes with bis(1-isoquinolinecarboxamide)alkane derivatives were analyzed in terms of the coordinative ability and participation in non-covalent interactions of several counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Parra-Muñoz
- Universidad de Concepción
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Paulina I. Hidalgo
- Universidad de Concepción
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Gerardo Ripoll
- Universidad de Concepción
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Julio Belmar
- Universidad de Concepción
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Lab. de Rayos X y Materiales Moleculares (MATMOL)
- Dpto de Física
- Facultad de Ciencias (sección Fisica)
- Universidad de La Laguna
- Tenerife
| | - Claudio A. Jiménez
- Universidad de Concepción
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Concepción
- Chile
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de la Torre AF, Ali A, Concepcion O, Montero-Alejo AL, Muñiz FM, Jiménez CA, Belmar J, Velázquez-Libera JL, Hernández-Rodríguez EW, Caballero J. A study of the cis–trans isomerization preference of N-alkylated peptides containing phosphorus in the side chain and backbone. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current work provides a study on the cis–trans isomerization behaviour of N-alkylated peptides decorated with phosphonate ester groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F. de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sargodha
- Pakistan
| | - Odette Concepcion
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
| | | | - Francisco M. Muñiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Claudio A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Julio Belmar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
| | | | | | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)
- Universidad de Talca
- Talca
- Chile
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Suso JP, Posso-Osorio I, Jiménez CA, Naranjo-Escobar J, Ospina FE, Sánchez A, Cañas CA, Tobón GJ. Profile of BAFF and its receptors' expression in lupus nephritis is associated with pathological classes. Lupus 2017; 27:708-715. [PMID: 29087261 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317739132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the role of BAFF in lupus nephritis (LN) is not understood. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of BAFF and its three receptors in renal biopsy samples from patients with LN and investigate a relationship with pathological class. Methods We conducted a prospective descriptive study (2011-2014) on 52 kidney biopsy samples from patients with LN. Immunohistochemistry for BAFF, its receptors (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interaction (TACI), protein maturation of B cells (BCMA), and BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R)), and CD20 expression was performed. Samples were scored according to the percentage of cells with positive expression. Results In class II LN, BAFF-R and TACI were not expressed, whereas BCMA and BAFF were lowly expressed in the interstitial inflammatory infiltrates. Proliferative class III/IV had elevated BAFF expression in the glomeruli, and TACI was expressed in interstitial inflammatory infiltrates and the glomeruli. Interestingly, the class IV cases with vasculopathy ( n = 4) had endothelial BAFF expression, which was not visible in thrombotic microangiopathy ( n = 4). Class V was characterized by low BAFF expression in interstitial inflammatory infiltrates and by BAFF, TACI, and BCMA expression in the glomeruli. BAFF expression was associated with inflammatory scores and CD20 positive infiltrates, mainly in class IV. Conclusions Expression patterns of BAFF and its receptors differ according to LN class. Our study provides evidence that BAFF could be used as a routine marker in LN biopsies and to determine which patients will benefit from anti-BAFF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Suso
- 1 Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional (GIRAT), Rheumatology Unit, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , and Universidad ICESI, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia.,2 Clinical Investigation Institute, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali, Colombia
| | - I Posso-Osorio
- 1 Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional (GIRAT), Rheumatology Unit, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , and Universidad ICESI, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia.,2 Clinical Investigation Institute, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali, Colombia
| | - C A Jiménez
- 3 Pathology Unit, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali, Colombia
| | - J Naranjo-Escobar
- 1 Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional (GIRAT), Rheumatology Unit, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , and Universidad ICESI, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia.,2 Clinical Investigation Institute, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali, Colombia
| | - F E Ospina
- 2 Clinical Investigation Institute, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali, Colombia
| | - A Sánchez
- 3 Pathology Unit, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali, Colombia
| | - C A Cañas
- 1 Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional (GIRAT), Rheumatology Unit, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , and Universidad ICESI, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia
| | - G J Tobón
- 1 Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional (GIRAT), Rheumatology Unit, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , and Universidad ICESI, School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia.,4 Laboratory of Immunology, 67597 Fundación Valle del Lili , Cali, Colombia
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Parra N, Belmar JB, Jiménez CA, Pasán J, Ruiz-Pérez C. Crystal structure analysis of supramolecular arrangements in bis(1-isoquinolinecarboxamide)alkanes and their Ag(i) complexes. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hidalgo PI, Leal S, Jiménez CA, Vöhringer-Martinez E, Herrera B, Pasán J, Ruiz-Pérez C, Bruce DW. Extending the halogen-bonded supramolecular synthon concept to 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Belmar J, Quezada J, Jiménez CA, Díaz-Gallifa P, Pasán J, Ruiz-Pérez C. Synthesis, crystal structures and tautomerism in novel oximes based on hydroxyalkylpyrazolones. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Parra N, Guarda L, Belmar JB, Hidalgo PI, Jiménez CA, Pasán J, Ruiz-Pérez C. Conformational influence of quinoline moieties in the crystal packing of bis(quinolinecarboxamide)alkane derivatives. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40807h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jiménez CA, Belmar JB. Convenient and Efficient Method for the Obtainment of Ketones from Highly Hindered Aromatic N, N‐Dimethyl‐amides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701411077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jiménez CA, Belmar JB, Delgado FS, Julve M, Ruiz-Pérez C. Structural changes in the crystal packing of highly hindered symmetrical vicinal bis-amides. CrystEngComm 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b617605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jiménez CA, Belmar JB, Alderete J, Delgado FS, López-Rodríguez M, Peña O, Julve M, Ruiz-Perez C. New anionic cobalt complexes using highly hindered bis-amides with varying donor abilities as ligands. Dalton Trans 2007:2135-44. [PMID: 17514334 DOI: 10.1039/b617604f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four potential tetradentate ligands of formulae 1,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzamido)ethane (H(4)L(1), 1), 1,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzamido)propane (H(4)L(2), 2), 1,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzamido)benzene (H(4)L(3), 3) and 1,8-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzamido)naphthalene (H(4)L(4), 4) have been prepared and the crystal structures of three of them (1, 3 and 4) determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The investigation of their complexing ability toward Co(II) afforded the compounds of formulae [Co(III)(L(3))Na(I)(H(2)O)(2)] (5), [Co(III)(L(n))Li(I)(H(2)O)2] with n = 1 (6), 2 (7) and 3 (8) and [Co(II)(L(4))Li(I)(2)] (9). Complexes 5-8 are square planar Co(III) species, as corroborated by the crystal structure of 5. In this compound, two amide-nitrogen and two phenolate-oxygen atoms of a fully deprotonated (L(3))(4-) anion build a slightly distorted square planar surrounding around the cobalt atom, the Co-N distances [1.858(3) and 1.861(3) A] being somewhat longer than the Co-O ones [1.798(3) and 1.801(3) A]. Magnetic and 1H NMR data at room temperature for 6-8 support the occurrence of an intermediate S = 1 low-lying state for the Co(III) center which is stabilized by the strong donating ability of the fully deprotonated bis-amidate ligands. In the case of the compound with the naphthalene derivative (9), the analytical and spectroscopic data suggest the occurrence of a low spin Co(II) complex. The weakening of the ligand field strength of the tetradentate bis-amidate ligand in the naphthalene derivative (5-6-5 ring-membered fused chelate) when compared to the situation in complexes 5-8 (5-5-5 ring-membered fused chelate) would account for this feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A Jiménez
- Dpto. Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Hernández-Mezquita MA, Barrueco M, Jiménez CA, Vega MT, Garridod E. [Opinion of heads of schools about the impact of school setting factors on the attitude of children and youngsters regarding smoking]. An Esp Pediatr 2000; 52:132-7. [PMID: 11003879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Knowing the influence of school environment on children and teenagers' attitudes about tobacco consumption. METHODS A survey was carried on 3.050 Spanish school headmasters (16% of the total in Spain), who were asked about the main variables related to the school environment able to influence the attitude of children and teenagers towards tobacco, such as the fulfilment of the official anti-tobacco legislation at educational centres, the education for nicotine poisoning prevention, or the teachers attitudes about tobacco, among others. Multiple regressions were made so as to value the variables that most influence the pupils' tasting tobacco and becoming usual smokers. RESULTS In the opinion of the headmasters the variables that individually most influence the percentage of pupils that have tasted tobacco are the percentage of smoker teachers (beta 0.21) and the percentage of teachers who smoke in the presence of pupils (beta 0.091), as on the percentage of students usual smokers (beta 0.21 and 0.19 respectively). All the variables from school environment analysed jointly, explain some percentages of variance of the 9.65% and 10.7% of the estimated percentages of pupils who have tasted tobacco and pupils that are usual smokers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The efforts most be doubled, in order to reach the real fulfilment of the official anti-tobacco legislation in all educational centres and the pupils receive teachings for the prevention of tabaquisme in the context of Health Education, since these measures may make the schools play a more determinant role in the prevention of the nicotinism.
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Sobradillo V, Miravitlles M, Jiménez CA, Gabriel R, Viejo JL, Masa JF, Fernández-Fau L, Villasante C. [Epidemiological study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Spain (IBERPOC): prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation]. Arch Bronconeumol 1999; 35:159-66. [PMID: 10330536 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAFL) was determined in a multicentric epidemiological study carried out in seven different areas of Spain. Based on a target population of 236,412 persons, a random census sample of 4,035 individuals between 40 and 69 years of age was chosen. Subjects answered several questionnaires and performed spirometric tests followed by a bronchodilation test if bronchial obstruction was detected. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 48% of the population (95% CI: 46.4-49.5%) with greater frequency of symptoms among men than women (55.2% versus 41%, p < 0.001). The following levels of prevalence of chronic symptoms were found: cough, 13.5% (95% CI: 12.5-14.6%); expectoration, 10.7% (95% CI: 9.7-11.6%); dyspnea after one flight of stairs, 10.4% (95% CI: 9.5-11.4%); and wheezing, 40.2% (95% CI: 38.7-41.7%). The prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) was 4.8% (95% CI: 4.1-5.4%) and was more frequent among men than among women (8.3% and 1.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). Asthma had been diagnosed previously in 4.9% (95% CI: 4.2-5.5%), more often in women than in men (5.8% and 3.8%, respectively; p < 0.003). CAFL was found in 10.6% (95% CI: 9.6-11.5%), 15.8% in men and 5.5% in women (p < 0.001). All respiratory symptoms except asthma were more frequent among smokers than among ex-smokers, and in turn were more common among ex-smokers than non-smokers. The frequency of symptoms increased in accordance with accumulated smoking. The prevalence of CB and CAFL was vastly different from one region to another. Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated independently with the appearance of CB were smoking, age over 60 years, male sex and having worked in industry. In conclusion, respiratory symptoms, including CB and CAFL, are common in the Spanish population. Smoking and amount of smoking are directly related to the frequency of such symptoms. Substantial differences were found in the prevalence of CB and CAFL among the regions where the study was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sobradillo
- Unidad de Patología Respiratoria, Hospital de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya.
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Miravitlles M, Sobradillo V, Villasante C, Gabriel R, Masa JF, Jiménez CA, Fernández-Fau L, Viejo JL. [Epidemiological study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Spain (IBERPOC): recruitment and field work]. Arch Bronconeumol 1999; 35:152-8. [PMID: 10330535 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a large-scale social and health problem. Because prevalence studies have been performed only in certain areas of Spain, the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Chest Surgery initiated the IBERPOC study with the aim of determining the prevalence of COPD in several parts of the country. IBERPOC is a multicenter, population-based epidemiological study in which subjects have been selected randomly. Seven full-time pneumologists work full-time in seven different areas of Spain. A study of this nature involves a series of difficulties that should be taken into account at the time of planning studies of a similar nature. After 5,827 attempts to reach subjects, a total of 4,967 useful contacts were made, to provide 97.3% of the 5,104 contacts expected. Of those 4,967 useful contacts, 4,035 subjects completed interviews. Among the 932 refusals, 882 (94.6%) agreed to answer a short telephone questionnaire. The field work took 13 months to complete, 30% more time than had been anticipated. The rates at which subjects could not be traced differed from one zone to another, ranging between 5% and 30%; higher rates were attributable to the absence of telephone data in the corresponding census report. In one zone, the dispersion of the census population over a very large area supposed greater difficulty and delay in carrying out the study. In conclusion, the rate of participation and the time required for recruitment can be considered satisfactory. The performance of field work by trained, full-time pneumologists has been essential to the development and quality of the study. Similar epidemiological studies should consider problems derived from the lack of adequate census data, as well as to avoid defining areas of extreme population dispersion in order to facilitate field work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miravitlles
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona.
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