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Frascarelli C, Bonizzi G, Musico CR, Mane E, Cassi C, Guerini Rocco E, Farina A, Scarpa A, Lawlor R, Reggiani Bonetti L, Caramaschi S, Eccher A, Marletta S, Fusco N. Revolutionizing Cancer Research: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Biobanking. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1390. [PMID: 37763157 PMCID: PMC10532470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biobanks are vital research infrastructures aiming to collect, process, store, and distribute biological specimens along with associated data in an organized and governed manner. Exploiting diverse datasets produced by the biobanks and the downstream research from various sources and integrating bioinformatics and "omics" data has proven instrumental in advancing research such as cancer research. Biobanks offer different types of biological samples matched with rich datasets comprising clinicopathologic information. As digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI) have entered the precision medicine arena, biobanks are progressively transitioning from mere biorepositories to integrated computational databanks. Consequently, the application of AI and machine learning on these biobank datasets holds huge potential to profoundly impact cancer research. METHODS In this paper, we explore how AI and machine learning can respond to the digital evolution of biobanks with flexibility, solutions, and effective services. We look at the different data that ranges from specimen-related data, including digital images, patient health records and downstream genetic/genomic data and resulting "Big Data" and the analytic approaches used for analysis. RESULTS These cutting-edge technologies can address the challenges faced by translational and clinical research, enhancing their capabilities in data management, analysis, and interpretation. By leveraging AI, biobanks can unlock valuable insights from their vast repositories, enabling the identification of novel biomarkers, prediction of treatment responses, and ultimately facilitating the development of personalized cancer therapies. CONCLUSIONS The integration of biobanking with AI has the potential not only to expand the current understanding of cancer biology but also to pave the way for more precise, patient-centric healthcare strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Frascarelli
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (E.M.); (E.G.R.); (N.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bonizzi
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (C.R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Camilla Rosella Musico
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (C.R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Eltjona Mane
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (E.M.); (E.G.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Cristina Cassi
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (C.R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Guerini Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (E.M.); (E.G.R.); (N.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Annarosa Farina
- Central Information Systems and Technology Directorate, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Rita Lawlor
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Caramaschi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Albino Eccher
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.R.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.)
- Division of Pathology, Humanitas Cancer Center, 95045 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.F.); (E.M.); (E.G.R.); (N.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Bonizzi G, Capra M, Cassi C, Taliento G, Pala O, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Ivanova M, Monturano M, Renne G, Zattoni L, Guerini-Rocco E, Viale G, Orecchia R, Fusco N. Biobank for Translational Medicine: Standard Operating Procedures for Optimal Sample Management. J Vis Exp 2022. [PMID: 36533819 DOI: 10.3791/63950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Biobanks are key research infrastructures aimed at the collection, storage, processing, and sharing of high-quality human biological samples and associated data for research, diagnosis, and personalized medicine. The Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO) is a landmark in this field. Biobanks collaborate with clinical divisions, internal and external research groups, and industry, supporting patients' treatment and scientific progress, including innovative diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and clinical trial design. Given the central role of biobanks in modern research, biobanking standard operating procedures (SOPs) should be extremely precise. SOPs and controls by certified specialists ensure the highest quality of samples for the implementation of science-based, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic personalized strategies. However, despite numerous efforts to standardize and harmonize biobanks, these protocols, which follow a strict set of rules, quality controls, and guidelines based on ethical and legal principles, are not easily accessible. This paper presents the biobank standard operating procedures of a large cancer center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Bonizzi
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Maria Capra
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Cristina Cassi
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Giulio Taliento
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Oriana Pala
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Massimo Monturano
- Patient Safety & Risk Management Service, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Giuseppe Renne
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Lorenzo Zattoni
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Directorate, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan;
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Bonizzi G, Zattoni L, Capra M, Cassi C, Taliento G, Ivanova M, Guerini-Rocco E, Fumagalli M, Monturano M, Albini A, Viale G, Orecchia R, Fusco N. Standard operating procedures for biobank in oncology. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:967310. [PMID: 36090048 PMCID: PMC9459387 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.967310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobanks are biorepositories that collect, process, store, catalog, and distribute human biological samples, and record the associated data. The role and action field of these strategic infrastructures for implementing precision medicine in translational research is continuously evolving. To ensure the optimal quality at all stages of biobanking, specific protocols are required and should be elaborated according to updated guidelines, recommendations, laws, and rules. This article illustrates the standard operating procedures, including protocols, troubleshooting, and quality controls, of a fully certified biobank in a referral Cancer Center. This model involves all clinical departments and research groups to support the dual mission of academic cancer centers, i.e. to provide high-quality care and high-quality research. All biobanking activities based on the type of biological specimens are detailed and the most tricky methodological aspects are discussed, from patients’ informed consent to specimen management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Bonizzi
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zattoni
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Capra
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cassi
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Taliento
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Fumagalli
- Technology Transfer Office, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Monturano
- Patient Safety and Risk Management Service, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Scientific Directorate, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Directorate, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Fusco,
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Mancuso P, Calleri A, Cassi C, Gobbi A, Capillo M, Pruneri G, Martinelli G, Bertolini F. Circulating endothelial cells as a novel marker of angiogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 522:83-97. [PMID: 12674213 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0169-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of tumor angiogenesis to predict and/or to assess the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies is mainly based on the evaluation of microvessel density (MVD). We developed a novel flow cytometry procedure to measure circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial cells progenitors (CECPs) in either preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical studies were performed on an animal model of human lymphoma. A trend toward higher CECs values was observed on day 7 and 14 after transplant, and differences vs controls were highly significant on day 21 (p = 0.0061). A strong correlation was found between CECs and tumor volume (r = 0.942, p = 0.004) and between CECs and tumor-generated VEGF (r = 0.669, p = 0.02). In mice given cyclophosphamide, most of circulating apoptotic cells were hematopoietic and not endothelial. Conversely, in mice given endostatin, all of the increase in apoptotic cells was in the endothelial cell compartment. In a parallel study, we looked for CECs in the peripheral blood of 20 healthy controls and 76 newly diagnosed cancer patients by means of four-color flow cytometry. In breast cancer (n = 46) and lymphoma (n = 30) patients, both resting and activated CECs were increased by 5 fold (P < 0.0008 vs control). CECs significantly correlated with plasma levels of VCAM-1 and VEGF. Resting and activated CECs were similar to healthy controls in 7 lymphoma patients achieving complete remission after chemotherapy, and activated CECs were found to decrease in 13 breast cancer patients evaluated before and 24h after quadrantectomy. In conclusion, our findings indicate a close relation between CEC increase and tumor progression, and support CECs evaluation as a clinically relevant, non invasive angiogenesis marker. Furthermore, this assay offers insight into anti-angiogenic activity of different drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mancuso
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, and IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Cannone M, Vago L, Porini G, Bonetto S, Cassi C, Bramerio M, Rizzato G, Barberis MC. [Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA using nested polymerase chain reaction in lymph nodes with sarcoidosis, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin]. Pathologica 1997; 89:512-6. [PMID: 9489397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An involvement of mycobacteria in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis has often been hypothesized, but not confirmed reproducibly. In this study we applied a nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to the insertion sequence IS6110 for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) DNA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with sarcoidosis, with tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis confirmed by culture, and from negative control samples. MT-DNA could be detected in 2/30 samples of sarcoidosis, in 10/10 tuberculoses, in 0/5 atypical mycobacterioses and in 0/10 negative controls. Nested PCR confirmed its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting MT-DNA on archival histopathological specimens. From our results we conclude that in the granulomatous lesions of sarcoidosis MT-DNA is only sporadically demonstrable and probably it doesn't play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cannone
- Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Università di Milano, Ospedale Luigi Sacco
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