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Fernandez CM, Krockenberger MB, Ho SYW, Crowther MS, Mella VSA, Jelocnik M, Wilmott L, Higgins DP. Novel typing scheme reveals emergence and genetic diversity of Chlamydia pecorum at the local management scale across two koala populations. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110085. [PMID: 38581768 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
To overcome shortcomings in discriminating Chlamydia pecorum strains infecting the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) at the local level, we developed a novel genotyping scheme for this pathogen to inform koala management at a fine-scale subpopulation level. We applied this scheme to two geographically distinct koala populations in New South Wales, Australia: the Liverpool Plains and the Southern Highlands to South-west Sydney (SHSWS). Our method provides greater resolution than traditional multi-locus sequence typing, and can be used to monitor strain emergence, movement, and divergence across a range of fragmented habitats. Within the Liverpool Plains population, suspected recent introduction of a novel strain was confirmed by an absence of genetic diversity at the earliest sampling events and limited diversity at recent sampling events. Across the partially fragmented agricultural landscape of the Liverpool Plains, diversity within a widespread sequence type suggests that this degree of fragmentation may hinder but not prevent spread. In the SHSWS population, our results suggest movement of a strain from the south, where diverse strains exist, into a previously Chlamydia-free area in the north, indicating the risk of expansion towards an adjacent Chlamydia-negative koala population in South-west Sydney. In the south of the SHSWS where koala subpopulations appear segregated, we found evidence of divergent strain evolution. Our tool can be used to infer the risks of strain introduction across fragmented habitats in population management, particularly through practices such as wildlife corridor constructions and translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Fernandez
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mathew S Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Valentina S A Mella
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Martina Jelocnik
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Lachlan Wilmott
- NSW Department of Planning and Environment, Wollongong, NSW 2005, Australia
| | - Damien P Higgins
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Fernandez CM, Krockenberger MB, Crowther MS, Mella VSA, Wilmott L, Higgins DP. Genetic markers of Chlamydia pecorum virulence in ruminants support short term host-pathogen evolutionary relationships in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. Infect Genet Evol 2023; 116:105527. [PMID: 37977420 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In ruminants infected with Chlamydia pecorum, shorter lengths of coding tandem repeats (CTR) within two genes, the inclusion membrane protein (incA) and Type III secretor protein (ORF663), have been previously associated with pathogenic outcomes. In other chlamydial species, the presence of a chlamydial plasmid has been linked to heightened virulence, and the plasmid is not ubiquitous in C. pecorum across the koala's range. We therefore investigated these three markers: incA, ORF663 and C. pecorum plasmid, as potential indicators of virulence in two koala populations in New South Wales with differing expression of urogenital chlamydiosis; the Liverpool Plains and one across the Southern Highlands and South-west Sydney (SHSWS). We also investigated the diversity of these loci within strains characterised by the national multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Although CTR lengths of incA and ORF663 varied across the populations, they occurred only within previously described pathogenic ranges for ruminants. This suggests a relatively short-term host-pathogen co-evolution within koalas and limits the utility of CTR lengths for incA and ORF663 as virulence markers in the species. However, in contrast to reports of evolution of C. pecorum towards lower virulence, as indicated by longer CTR lengths in ruminants and swine, CTR lengths for ORF663 appeared to be diverging towards less common shorter CTR lengths within strains recently introduced to koalas in the Liverpool Plains. We detected the plasmid across 90% and 92% of samples in the Liverpool Plains and SHSWS respectively, limiting its utility as an indicator of virulence. It would be valuable to examine the CTR lengths of these loci across koala populations nationally. Investigation of other hypervariable loci may elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of virulence in C. pecorum induced disease in koalas. Profiling of virulent strains will be important in risk assessments for strain movement to naïve or susceptible populations through translocations and wildlife corridor construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Fernandez
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Sydney Infectious diseases, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathew S Crowther
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valentina S A Mella
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lachlan Wilmott
- NSW Department of Planning and Environment, Wollongong 2005, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Damien P Higgins
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
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Simpson SJ, Higgins DP, Timms P, Mella VSA, Crowther MS, Fernandez CM, McArthur C, Phillips S, Krockenberger MB. Efficacy of a synthetic peptide Chlamydia pecorum major outer membrane protein vaccine in a wild koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15087. [PMID: 37699951 PMCID: PMC10497537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiosis is a significant disease affecting Eastern Australian koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations, impacting individual animal welfare and fecundity and therefore influencing population dynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a synthetic peptide vaccine based on 4 components of the Chlamydia pecorum major outer membrane protein (MOMP), over an 18-month period in a koala population severely impacted by chlamydiosis. Wild koalas were recruited into a vaccination or a placebo treatment group on a random allocation, then followed through a period of 18 months, with recapture at 6 monthly intervals. Vaccination did not alter clinical disease expression or chlamydial shedding from the ocular or urogenital sites. Vaccination did not stimulate a significant plasma anti-MOMP IgG response, when compared to the placebo group. There was no significant effect of vaccination on IFN-γ and IL-17A mRNA expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes when stimulated with rMOMP. We have demonstrated that a synthetic peptide vaccination against chlamydiosis is not an effective management tool in a koala population with a high prevalence of C. pecorum infection and related disease. The lack of antigenic response found in this study suggests that further research utilising a larger, full-length antigen is an avenue worth investigation if we are to consider vaccination as a part of a management strategy in diseased koala populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Simpson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Damien P Higgins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Valentina S A Mella
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mathew S Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Cristina M Fernandez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Clare McArthur
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Samuel Phillips
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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White RT, Legione AR, Taylor-Brown A, Fernandez CM, Higgins DP, Timms P, Jelocnik M. Completing the Genome Sequence of Chlamydia pecorum Strains MC/MarsBar and DBDeUG: New Insights into This Enigmatic Koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus) Pathogen. Pathogens 2021; 10:1543. [PMID: 34959498 PMCID: PMC8703710 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pecorum, an obligate intracellular pathogen, causes significant morbidity and mortality in livestock and the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). A variety of C. pecorum gene-centric molecular studies have revealed important observations about infection dynamics and genetic diversity in both koala and livestock hosts. In contrast to a variety of C. pecorum molecular studies, to date, only four complete and 16 draft genomes have been published. Of those, only five draft genomes are from koalas. Here, using whole-genome sequencing and a comparative genomics approach, we describe the first two complete C. pecorum genomes collected from diseased koalas. A de novo assembly of DBDeUG_2018 and MC/MarsBar_2018 resolved the chromosomes and chlamydial plasmids each as single, circular contigs. Robust phylogenomic analyses indicate biogeographical separation between strains from northern and southern koala populations, and between strains infecting koala and livestock hosts. Comparative genomics between koala strains identified new, unique, and shared loci that accumulate single-nucleotide polymorphisms and separate between northern and southern, and within northern koala strains. Furthermore, we predicted novel type III secretion system effectors. This investigation constitutes a comprehensive genome-wide comparison between C. pecorum from koalas and provides improvements to annotations of a C. pecorum reference genome. These findings lay the foundations for identifying and understanding host specificity and adaptation behind chlamydial infections affecting koalas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys T. White
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4557, Australia; (R.T.W.); (A.T.-B.); (P.T.)
| | - Alistair R. Legione
- Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Alyce Taylor-Brown
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4557, Australia; (R.T.W.); (A.T.-B.); (P.T.)
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Cristina M. Fernandez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.M.F.); (D.P.H.)
| | - Damien P. Higgins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.M.F.); (D.P.H.)
| | - Peter Timms
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4557, Australia; (R.T.W.); (A.T.-B.); (P.T.)
| | - Martina Jelocnik
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4557, Australia; (R.T.W.); (A.T.-B.); (P.T.)
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Schmertmann LJ, Kan A, Mella VSA, Fernandez CM, Crowther MS, Madani G, Malik R, Meyer W, Krockenberger MB. Prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and nasal colonization in a free-ranging koala population. Med Mycol 2020; 57:848-857. [PMID: 30649397 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis, caused by environmental fungi in the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes, affects a variety of hosts, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Cryptococcal antigenemia and nasal colonization are well characterized in captive koalas, but free-ranging populations have not been studied systematically. Free-ranging koalas (181) from the Liverpool Plains region of New South Wales, Australia, were tested for cryptococcal antigenemia (lateral flow immunoassay) and nasal colonization (bird seed agar culture). Results were related to environmental and individual koala characteristics. Eucalypt trees (14) were also randomly tested for the presence of Cryptococcus spp. by bird seed agar culture. In sum, 5.5% (10/181) and 6.6% (12/181) of koalas were positive for antigenemia and nasal colonization, respectively, on at least one occasion. And 64.3% (9/14) of eucalypts were culture-positive for Cryptococcus spp. URA5 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified most isolates as C. gattii VGI, while C. neoformans VNI was only found in one koala and one tree. Colonized koalas were significantly more likely to test positive for antigenemia. No associations between antigenemia or colonization, and external environmental characteristics (the relative abundance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and season), or individual koala characteristics (body condition, sex, and age), could be established, suggesting that antigenemia and colonization are random outcomes of host-pathogen-environment interactions. The relationship between positive antigenemia status and a relatively high abundance of E. camaldulensis requires further investigation. This study characterizes cryptococcosis in a free-ranging koala population, expands the ecological niche of the C. gattii/C. neoformans species complexes and highlights free-ranging koalas as important sentinels for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Schmertmann
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex Kan
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valentina S A Mella
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristina M Fernandez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mathew S Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Madani
- PO Box 3113, Hilltop, New South Wales 2575, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, B14, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006
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Fernandez CM, Schmertmann LJ, Higgins DP, Casteriano A, Irinyi L, Mella VSA, Crowther MS, Meyer W, Krockenberger MB. Genetic differences in Chlamydia pecorum between neighbouring sub-populations of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:264-270. [PMID: 30853132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydiosis, caused by Chlamydia pecorum, is regarded as an important threat to koala populations. Across the koala's geographical range, disease severity associated with C. pecorum infection varies, with pathogen diversity and strain pathogenicity being likely important factors. To examine C. pecorum diversity on a sub-population level a Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) scheme, containing the housekeeping genes; gatA, oppA_3, hflX, gidA, enoA, hemN and fumC, was used to type strains from two sub-populations of koalas from the Liverpool Plains, NSW, Australia, with different disease expressions. Typing of samples from 2015 to 2017, revealed a significant association between sequence type ST 69 and clinical disease and a significant difference in sequence type frequencies between sub-populations. Sequence type ST 69 has previously been identified in both subclinical and clinically diseased koalas indicating that these markers alone are not illustrative of pathogenicity. However, recent emergence of this sequence type in a naïve population may explain the differing disease expressions. Sequence types ST 73 and ST 69 have been described in koalas across a broad geographic range, indicating multiple introduction events and/or a limited veracity of the MLST loci to explore fine scale epidemiological investigations, particularly those examining the interface between pathogenic strain and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Fernandez
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura J Schmertmann
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Damien P Higgins
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea Casteriano
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Laszlo Irinyi
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentina S A Mella
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathew S Crowther
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark B Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury road, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Piccart MJ, Green JA, Lacave AJ, Reed N, Vergote I, Benedetti-Panici P, Bonetti A, Kristeller-Tome V, Fernandez CM, Curran D, Van Glabbeke M, Lacombe D, Pinel MC, Pecorelli S. Oxaliplatin or paclitaxel in patients with platinum-pretreated advanced ovarian cancer: A randomized phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gynecology Group. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:1193-202. [PMID: 10715288 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.6.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This was a multicentric, open, randomized, phase II study of single-agent paclitaxel and oxaliplatin to evaluate the efficacy of oxaliplatin in a relapsing progressive ovarian cancer patient population and to analyze the safety profile and impact of both agents on quality of life, time to progression, and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-six patients with platinum-pretreated advanced ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to two arms: 41 received paclitaxel at 175 mg/m(2) over 3 hours every 3 weeks, and 45 received oxaliplatin at 130 mg/m(2) over 2 hours every 3 weeks. For inclusion, patients had to have a performance status of 0 to 2 and to have received at least one and no more than two prior cisplatin- and/or carboplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens within the last 12 months. RESULTS Seven confirmed responses were observed in each arm, for an overall response rate in the total treated population of 17% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7% to 32%) in the paclitaxel arm and 16% (95% CI, 7% to 29%) in the oxaliplatin arm. Median time to progression was 14 weeks and 12 weeks, and overall survival was 37 weeks and 42 weeks in the paclitaxel and oxaliplatin arms, respectively. Among 63 patients with a 0- to 6-month progression-free, platinum-free interval, there were five objective responses with paclitaxel in 31 patients and two objective responses with oxaliplatin in 32 patients. Nine patients (22%) in the paclitaxel arm had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (National Cancer Institute of Canada [NCIC] Common Toxicity Criteria). Two patients (4%) experienced grade 3 thrombocytopenia in the oxaliplatin arm. Maximum grade (grade 3) NCIC neurosensory toxicity was experienced by three patients (7%) in the paclitaxel arm and by four patients (9%) in the oxaliplatin arm. CONCLUSION Single-agent oxaliplatin at 130 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks is active with moderate toxicity in patients with cisplatin-/carboplatin-pretreated advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fernandez
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Hospital Xeral de Vigo, Spain
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Fernandez CM, Barbosa JJ. Primary ovarian pregnancy and the intrauterine device. Obstet Gynecol 1976; 47:9S-11S. [PMID: 1246402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new cases of ovarian pregnancy are reported in relation to use of the intrauterine device, bringing the total number of reported cases to 18. Theories concerning the failure of the IUD to reduce the number of ovarian pregnancies are discussed.
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Angyal SJ, Fernandez CM, Garnett JL. Catalytic deuterium exchange reactions with organics. XXXVI. The labelling of ( - )-inositol on self-activated platinum oxide with and without radiation. Aust J Chem 1967. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9672647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exchange of (-)-inositol
with curie levels of tritiated water on self- activated platinum oxide leads to
incorporation of tritium of which 92.5% is found at C l and C 6, 3.7% at C 2
and C 5, and 3.8% at C 3 and C 4. Isotope scavenging indicates that inversion
occurs only at C1 yielding labelled myoinositol. Exchange is accelerated in the
presence of u.v. light without extensive degradation. A comparison has been
made between the Wilzbach gas irradiation technique
and the catalytic method for labelling (-)-inositol. Possible mechanisms for
tritium incorporation in (-)-inositol are discussed for the various experimental
conditions used.
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Angyal SJ, Fernandez CM, Garnett JL. The stereochemistry of tritium substitution by the Wilzbach method. II. The distribution of tritium. Aust J Chem 1965. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9650039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
When (-)-inositol is submitted to the
Wilzbach labelling procedure, tritium- labelled myoinositol is formed as a
by-product. It is shown by degradation that the (-)-inositol is labelled nearly
at random, whereas all the tritium in the myoinositol is attached to the carbon
atom on which the configurational inversion has occurred.
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