1
|
Dial AG, Grafham GK, Monaco CMF, Voth J, Brandt L, Tarnopolsky MA, Hawke TJ. Alterations in skeletal muscle repair in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C876-C883. [PMID: 34586898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Though preclinical models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit impaired muscle regeneration, this has yet to be investigated in humans with T1D. Here, we investigated the impact of damaging exercise (eccentric quadriceps contractions) in 18 physically active young adults with and without T1D. Pre- and postexercise (48 h and 96 h), the participants provided blood samples, vastus lateralis biopsies, and performed maximal voluntary quadriceps contractions (MVCs). Skeletal muscle sarcolemmal integrity, extracellular matrix (ECM) content, and satellite cell (SC) content/proliferation were assessed by immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy was used to quantify ultrastructural damage. MVC was comparable between T1D and controls before exercise. Postexercise, MVC was decreased in both groups, but subjects with T1D exhibited moderately lower strength recovery at both 48 h and 96 h. Serum creatine kinase, an indicator of muscle damage, was moderately higher in participants with T1D at rest and exhibited a small elevation 96 h postexercise. Participants with T1D showed lower SC content at all timepoints and demonstrated a moderate delay in SC proliferation after exercise. A greater number of myofibers exhibited sarcolemmal damage (disrupted dystrophin) and increased ECM (laminin) content in participants with T1D despite no differences between groups in ultrastructural damage as assessed by electron microscopy. Finally, transcriptomic analyses revealed dysregulated gene networks involving RNA translation and mitochondrial respiration, providing potential explanations for previous observations of mitochondrial dysfunction in similar cohorts with T1D. Our findings indicate that skeletal muscle in young adults with moderately controlled T1D is altered after damaging exercise, suggesting that longer recovery times following intense exercise may be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace K Grafham
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Voth
- Research and Evaluation Services Department, Hôtel-Dieu Grace Healthcare, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monaco CMF, Tarnopolsky MA, Dial AG, Nederveen JP, Rebalka IA, Nguyen M, Turner LV, Perry CGR, Ljubicic V, Hawke TJ. Normal to enhanced intrinsic mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of middle- to older-aged women and men with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2517-2533. [PMID: 34392397 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study interrogated mitochondrial respiratory function and content in skeletal muscle biopsies of healthy adults between 30 and 72 years old with and without uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. METHODS Participants (12 women/nine men) with type 1 diabetes (48 ± 11 years of age), without overt complications, were matched for age, sex, BMI and level of physical activity to participants without diabetes (control participants) (49 ± 12 years of age). Participants underwent a Bergström biopsy of the vastus lateralis to assess mitochondrial respiratory function using high-resolution respirometry and citrate synthase activity. Electron microscopy was used to quantify mitochondrial content and cristae (pixel) density. RESULTS Mean mitochondrial area density was 27% lower (p = 0.006) in participants with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants. This was largely due to smaller mitochondrial fragments in women with type 1 diabetes (-18%, p = 0.057), as opposed to a decrease in the total number of mitochondrial fragments in men with diabetes (-28%, p = 0.130). Mitochondrial respiratory measures, whether estimated per milligram of tissue (i.e. mass-specific) or normalised to area density (i.e. intrinsic mitochondrial function), differed between cohorts, and demonstrated sexual dimorphism. Mass-specific mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity with the substrates for complex I and complex II (CI + II) was significantly lower (-24%, p = 0.033) in women with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants, whereas mass-specific OXPHOS capacities with substrates for complex I only (pyruvate [CI pyr] or glutamate [CI glu]) or complex II only (succinate [CII succ]) were not different (p > 0.404). No statistical differences (p > 0.397) were found in mass-specific OXPHOS capacity in men with type 1 diabetes compared with control participants despite a 42% non-significant increase in CI glu OXPHOS capacity (p = 0.218). In contrast, intrinsic CI + II OXPHOS capacity was not different in women with type 1 diabetes (+5%, p = 0.378), whereas in men with type 1 diabetes it was 25% higher (p = 0.163) compared with control participants. Men with type 1 diabetes also demonstrated higher intrinsic OXPHOS capacity for CI pyr (+50%, p = 0.159), CI glu (+88%, p = 0.033) and CII succ (+28%, p = 0.123), as well as higher intrinsic respiratory rates with low (more physiological) concentrations of either ADP, pyruvate, glutamate or succinate (p < 0.012). Women with type 1 diabetes had higher (p < 0.003) intrinsic respiratory rates with low concentrations of succinate only. Calculated aerobic fitness (Physical Working Capacity Test [PWC130]) showed a strong relationship with mitochondrial respiratory function and content in the type 1 diabetes cohort. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In middle- to older-aged adults with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, we conclude that skeletal muscle mitochondria differentially adapt to type 1 diabetes and demonstrate sexual dimorphism. Importantly, these cellular alterations were significantly associated with our metric of aerobic fitness (PWC130) and preceded notable impairments in skeletal mass and strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Athan G Dial
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren V Turner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dial AG, Monaco CMF, Grafham GK, Patel TP, Tarnopolsky MA, Hawke TJ. Impaired Function and Altered Morphology in the Skeletal Muscles of Adult Men and Women With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2405-2422. [PMID: 33890059 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous investigations on skeletal muscle health in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have generally focused on later stages of disease progression where comorbidities are present and are posited as a primary mechanism of muscle dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To investigate skeletal muscle function and morphology across the adult lifespan in those with and without T1D. DESIGN Participants underwent maximal contraction (MVC) testing, resting muscle biopsy, and venous blood sampling. SETTING Procedures in this study were undertaken at the McMaster University Medical Centre. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-five healthy adult (18-78 years old) men/males and women/females (T1D = 34; control = 31) matched for age/biological sex/body mass index; self-reported physical activity levels were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Our primary measure in this study was MVC, with supporting histological/immunofluorescent measures. RESULTS After 35 years of age ("older adults"), MVC declined quicker in T1D subjects compared to controls. Loss of strength in T1D was accompanied by morphological changes associated with accelerated aging. Type 1 myofiber grouping was higher in T1D, and the groups were larger and more numerous than in controls. Older T1D females exhibited more myofibers expressing multiple myosin heavy chain isoforms (hybrid fibers) than controls, another feature of accelerated aging. Conversely, T1D males exhibited a shift toward type 2 fibers, with less evidence of myofiber grouping or hybrid fibers. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest impairments to skeletal muscle function and morphology exist in T1D. The decline in strength with T1D is accelerated after 35 years of age and may be responsible for the earlier onset of frailty, which characterizes those with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Grace K Grafham
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tirth P Patel
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Thomas J Hawke
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dial AG, Monaco CMF, Grafham GK, Romanova N, Simpson JA, Tarnopolsky MA, Perry CGR, Kalaitzoglou E, Hawke TJ. Muscle and serum myostatin expression in type 1 diabetes. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14500. [PMID: 32652899 PMCID: PMC7354085 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported to negatively affect the health of skeletal muscle, though the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Myostatin, a myokine whose increased expression is associated with muscle‐wasting diseases, has not been reported in humans with T1D but has been demonstrated to be elevated in preclinical diabetes models. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if there is an elevated expression of myostatin in the serum and skeletal muscle of persons with T1D compared to controls. Secondarily, we aimed to explore relationships between myostatin expression and clinically important metrics (e.g., HbA1c, strength, lean mass) in women and men with (N = 31)/without T1D (N = 24) between 18 and 72 years old. Body composition, baseline strength, blood sample and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy were evaluated. Serum, but not muscle, myostatin expression was significantly elevated in those with T1D versus controls, and to a greater degree in T1D women than T1D men. Serum myostatin levels were not significantly associated with HbA1c nor disease duration. A significant correlation between serum myostatin expression and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and body fat mass was demonstrated in control subjects, but these correlations did not reach significance in those with T1D (MVC: R = 0.64 controls vs. R = 0.37 T1D; Body fat: R = −0.52 controls/R = −0.02 T1D). Collectively, serum myostatin was correlated with lean mass (R = 0.45), and while this trend was noted in both groups separately, neither reached statistical significance (R = 0.47 controls/R = 0.33 T1D). Overall, while those with T1D exhibited elevated serum myostatin levels (particularly females) myostatin expression was not correlated with clinically relevant metrics despite some of these relationships existing in controls (e.g., lean/fat mass). Future studies will be needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying increased myostatin in T1D, with relationships to insulin dosing being particularly important to elucidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Grace K Grafham
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nadya Romanova
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kirsh AJ, Juracic ES, Petrick HL, Monaco CMF, Barbeau PA, Tupling AR, Holloway GP. Dietary nitrate does not alter cardiac function, calcium handling proteins, or SERCA activity in the left ventricle of healthy rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1049-1053. [PMID: 32379978 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate has been shown to increase cytosolic calcium concentrations within the heart, which would necessitate greater calcium sequestration for relaxation. In the present study we demonstrate that while nitrate supplementation reduced blood pressure, calcium-handling protein content, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase 2a (SERCA) enzymatic properties, and left ventricular function were not altered. In addition, nitrite did not alter in vitro SERCA activity. Combined, these data suggest that in healthy rats, dietary nitrate does not increase left ventricle SERCA-related calcium-handling properties. Novelty Dietary nitrate decreases blood pressure but does not alter left ventricular calcium-handling protein content or SERCA activity in healthy rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleah J Kirsh
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emma S Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Heather L Petrick
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre-Andre Barbeau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Monaco CMF, Hughes MC, Ramos SV, Varah NE, Lamberz C, Rahman FA, McGlory C, Tarnopolsky MA, Krause MP, Laham R, Hawke TJ, Perry CGR. Correction to: Altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure in the skeletal muscle of young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:887-888. [PMID: 31993715 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In Fig. 1e the rate of mitochondrial H2O2 emission was incorrectly shown as being per second rather than per minute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Meghan C Hughes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina E Varah
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | - Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matthew P Krause
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Laham
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu JQ, Monaco CMF, Hawke TJ, Yan C, Tarnopolsky MA. Increased intra-mitochondrial lipofuscin aggregates with spherical dense body formation in mitochondrial myopathy. J Neurol Sci 2020; 413:116816. [PMID: 32272361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipofuscin aggregation may result from incomplete degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy-lysosome pathway, and intra-mitochondrial lipofuscin aggregation may exacerbate mitochondrial abnormalities in mitochondrial myopathy (MM) and mitochondrial disease. We examined vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 24 patients with pathologically diagnosed MM and clinically diagnosed chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, in comparison to the biopsies from 3 other groups:10 patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM), 11 younger adults, and 10 older subjects with no to minimal myopathic changes. Lipofuscin aggregation in muscle fibres was assessed on autofluorescence microscopy, some histochemical stains, and electron microscopy (EM). EM analyses demonstrated intra-mitochondrial lipofuscin aggregates, spherical dense bodies (SDBs), and paracrystalline inclusions (PCIs) which were semi-quantitatively assessed. Intra-mitochondrial lipofuscin aggregates showed no significant differences between groups of MM patients and older subjects or IBM patients, but significant differences between groups of younger adults and others with associated age-related changes. Intra-mitochondrial SDBs were significantly more in MM patients than in older subjects, IBM patients, and younger adults. There was a significant positive correlation between intra-mitochondrial lipofuscin aggregates and SDBs. These findings suggest that intra-mitochondrial formation of lipofuscin SDBs is more in MM and contributing to the pathophysiology of mitochondrial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine/Neuropathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine/Anatomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine/Anatomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Neuromuscular Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Medicine/Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monaco CMF, Perry CGR, Hawke TJ. Alterations in mitochondrial functions and morphology in muscle and non-muscle tissues in type 1 diabetes: implications for metabolic health. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:565-570. [PMID: 31826331 DOI: 10.1113/ep088096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDING What is the topic of this review? Evidence of impaired mitochondrial functions and/or morphology in people with type 1 diabetes across various organ systems. What advances does it highlight? Impairments to mitochondrial functions and morphology may be a primary mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of various complications in people with type 1 diabetes. ABSTRACT We recently made the observation that there are significant alterations to the ultrastructure and functions of mitochondria in skeletal muscle of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). These alterations are proposed to lead to decreased energy production in skeletal muscle during exercise and thus may contribute to the impaired aerobic exercise capacity reported in some people with T1D. This Symposium Review summarizes the evidence that similar alterations also occur in the mitochondria present in organ systems outside skeletal muscle in people with T1D, and that this may contribute to the development and progression of the known complications of T1D, which eventually lead to the reported premature mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monaco CMF, Bellissimo CA, Hughes MC, Ramos SV, Laham R, Perry CGR, Hawke TJ. Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E44-E51. [PMID: 31794260 PMCID: PMC6985789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00411.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial respiratory function has been reported in young women and men without diabetes, which may have important implications for exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if sexual dimorphism exists in skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A resting muscle microbiopsy was obtained from women and men with T1D (n = 10/8, respectively) and without T1D (control; n = 8/7, respectively). High-resolution respirometry and spectrofluorometry were used to measure mitochondrial respiratory function, hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) emission and calcium retention capacity (mCRC) in permeabilized myofiber bundles. The impact of T1D on mitochondrial bioenergetics between sexes was interrogated by comparing the change between women and men with T1D relative to the average values of their respective sex-matched controls (i.e., delta). These aforementioned analyses revealed that men with T1D have increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial complex I sensitivity but reduced complex II sensitivity and capacity in comparison to women with T1D. mH2O2 emission was lower in women compared with men with T1D at the level of complex I (succinate driven), whereas mCRC and mitochondrial protein content remained similar between sexes. In conclusion, women and men with T1D exhibit differential responses in skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics. Although larger cohort studies are certainly required, these early findings nonetheless highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in the care and treatment of people with T1D (e.g., benefits of different exercise prescriptions).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine A Bellissimo
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan C Hughes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Laham
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Recent evidence reveals impairments to skeletal muscle health in adolescent/young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Interestingly, the observed changes in T1D are not unlike aged muscle, particularly, the alterations to mitochondria. Thus, we put forth the novel hypothesis that T1D may be considered a condition of accelerated muscle aging and that, similar to aging, mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary contributor to this complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rebalka IA, Monaco CMF, Varah NE, Berger T, D'souza DM, Zhou S, Mak TW, Hawke TJ. Loss of the adipokine lipocalin-2 impairs satellite cell activation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C714-C721. [PMID: 30257107 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an adipokine previously described for its contribution to numerous processes, including innate immunity and energy metabolism. LCN2 has also been demonstrated to be an extracellular matrix (ECM) regulator through its association with the ECM protease matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). With the global rise in obesity and the associated comorbidities related to increasing adiposity, it is imperative to gain an understanding of the cross talk between adipose tissue and other metabolic tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Given the function of LCN2 on the ECM in other tissues and the importance of matrix remodeling in skeletal muscle regeneration, we examined the localization and expression of LCN2 in uninjured and regenerating wild-type skeletal muscle and assessed the impact of LCN2 deletion (LCN2-/-) on skeletal muscle repair following cardiotoxin injury. Though LCN2 was minimally present in uninjured skeletal muscle, its expression was increased significantly at 1 and 2 days postinjury, with expression present in Pax7-positive satellite cells. Although satellite cell content was unchanged, the ability of quiescent satellite cells to become activated was significantly impaired in LCN2-/- skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscle regeneration was also significantly compromised as evidenced by decreased embryonic myosin heavy chain expression and smaller regenerating myofiber areas. Consistent with a role for LCN2 in MMP-9 regulation, regenerating muscle also displayed a significant increase in fibrosis and lower ( P = 0.07) MMP-9 activity in LCN2-/- mice at 2 days postinjury. These data highlight a novel role for LCN2 in muscle regeneration and suggest that changes in adipokine expression can significantly impact skeletal muscle repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Nina E Varah
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Donna M D'souza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Sarah Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Monaco CMF, Hughes MC, Ramos SV, Varah NE, Lamberz C, Rahman FA, McGlory C, Tarnopolsky MA, Krause MP, Laham R, Hawke TJ, Perry CGR. Altered mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure in the skeletal muscle of young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1411-1423. [PMID: 29666899 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A comprehensive assessment of skeletal muscle ultrastructure and mitochondrial bioenergetics has not been undertaken in individuals with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to systematically assess skeletal muscle mitochondrial phenotype in young adults with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Physically active, young adults (men and women) with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 63.0 ± 16.0 mmol/mol [7.9% ± 1.5%]) and without type 1 diabetes (control), matched for sex, age, BMI and level of physical activity, were recruited (n = 12/group) to undergo vastus lateralis muscle microbiopsies. Mitochondrial respiration (high-resolution respirometry), site-specific mitochondrial H2O2 emission and Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) (spectrofluorometry) were assessed using permeabilised myofibre bundles. Electron microscopy and tomography were used to quantify mitochondrial content and investigate muscle ultrastructure. Skeletal muscle microvasculature was assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was significantly lower in participants with type 1 diabetes vs the control group, specifically at Complex II of the electron transport chain, without differences in mitochondrial content between groups. Muscles of those with type 1 diabetes also exhibited increased mitochondrial H2O2 emission at Complex III and decreased CRC relative to control individuals. Electron tomography revealed an increase in the size and number of autophagic remnants in the muscles of participants with type 1 diabetes. Despite this, levels of the autophagic regulatory protein, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPKαThr172), and its downstream targets, phosphorylated Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (p-ULK1Ser555) and p62, was similar between groups. In addition, no differences in muscle capillary density or platelet aggregation were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and bioenergetics are evident within the skeletal muscle of active young adults with type 1 diabetes. It is yet to be elucidated whether more rigorous exercise may help to prevent skeletal muscle metabolic deficiencies in both active and inactive individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Meghan C Hughes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofhia V Ramos
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina E Varah
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | - Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matthew P Krause
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Laham
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 4N65 Health Sciences Centre, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Monaco CMF, Miotto PM, Huber JS, van Loon LJC, Simpson JA, Holloway GP. Sodium nitrate supplementation alters mitochondrial H 2O 2 emission but does not improve mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the heart of healthy rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29513565 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00275.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation with dietary inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) is increasingly recognized to confer cardioprotective effects in both healthy and clinical populations. While the mechanism(s) remains ambiguous, in skeletal muscle oral consumption of NaNO3 has been shown to improve mitochondrial efficiency. Whether NaNO3 has similar effects on mitochondria within the heart is unknown. Therefore, we comprehensively investigated the effect of NaNO3 supplementation on in vivo left ventricular (LV) function and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented with NaNO3 (1 g/l) in their drinking water for 7 days. Echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics were used to assess LV morphology and function. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by tail-cuff and invasive hemodynamics. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured in LV isolated mitochondria and permeabilized muscle fibers by high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry. Nitrate decreased ( P < 0.05) BP, LV end-diastolic pressure, and maximal LV pressure. Rates of LV relaxation (when normalized to mean arterial pressure) tended ( P = 0.13) to be higher with nitrate supplementation. However, nitrate did not alter LV mitochondrial respiration, coupling efficiency, or oxygen affinity in isolated mitochondria or permeabilized muscle fibers. In contrast, nitrate increased ( P < 0.05) the propensity for mitochondrial H2O2 emission in the absence of changes in cellular redox state and decreased the sensitivity of mitochondria to ADP (apparent Km). These results add to the therapeutic potential of nitrate supplementation in cardiovascular diseases and suggest that nitrate may confer these beneficial effects via mitochondrial redox signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jason S Huber
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Nutrition, and Toxicology, Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Monaco CMF, Proudfoot R, Miotto PM, Herbst EAF, MacPherson REK, Holloway GP. α-linolenic acid supplementation prevents exercise-induced improvements in white adipose tissue mitochondrial bioenergetics and whole-body glucose homeostasis in obese Zucker rats. Diabetologia 2018; 61:433-444. [PMID: 28965129 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS While the underlying mechanisms in the development of insulin resistance remain inconclusive, metabolic dysfunction in both white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle have been implicated in the process. Therefore, we investigated the independent and combined effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) supplementation and exercise training on whole-body glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics within the WAT and skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats. METHODS We randomly assigned obese Zucker rats to receive a control diet alone or supplemented with ALA and to remain sedentary or undergo exercise training for 4 weeks (CON-Sed, ALA-Sed, CON-Ex and ALA-Ex groups). Whole-body glucose tolerance was determined in response to a glucose load. Mitochondrial content and bioenergetics were examined in skeletal muscle and epididymal WAT (eWAT). Insulin sensitivity and cellular stress were assessed by western blot. RESULTS Exercise training independently improved whole-body glucose tolerance as well as insulin-induced signalling in muscle and WAT. However, the consumption of ALA during exercise training prevented exercise-mediated improvements in whole-body glucose tolerance. ALA consumption did not influence exercise-induced adaptations within skeletal muscle, insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In contrast, within eWAT, ALA supplementation attenuated insulin signalling, decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased the fraction of electron leak to reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that, in an obese rodent model, consumption of ALA attenuates the favourable adaptive changes of exercise training within eWAT, which consequently impacts whole-body glucose homeostasis. The direct translation to humans, however, remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ross Proudfoot
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Eric A F Herbst
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Snook LA, MacPherson REK, Monaco CMF, Frendo-Cumbo S, Castellani L, Peppler WT, Anderson ZG, Buzelle SL, LeBlanc PJ, Holloway GP, Wright DC. Prior exercise training blunts short-term high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R315-24. [PMID: 27101294 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diets rapidly cause weight gain and glucose intolerance. We sought to determine whether these changes could be mitigated with prior exercise training. Male C57BL/6J mice were exercise-trained by treadmill running (1 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 4 wk. Twenty-four hours after the final bout of exercise, mice were provided with a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from lard) for 4 days, with no further exercise. In mice fed the HFD prior to exercise training, the results were blunted weight gain, reduced fat mass, and a slight attenuation in glucose intolerance that was mirrored by greater insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle compared with sedentary mice fed the HFD. When ad libitum-fed sedentary mice were compared with sedentary high-fat fed mice that were calorie restricted (-30%) to match the weight gain of the previously trained high-fat fed mice, the same attenuated impairments in glucose tolerance were found. Blunted weight gain was associated with a greater capacity to increase energy expenditure in trained compared with sedentary mice when challenged with a HFD. Although mitochondrial enzymes in white adipose tissue and UCP-1 protein content in brown adipose tissue were increased in previously exercised compared with sedentary mice fed a HFD, ex vivo mitochondrial respiration was not increased in either tissue. Our data suggest that prior exercise training attenuates high-fat diet-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance and is associated with a greater ability to increase energy expenditure in response to a high-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laelie A Snook
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Laura Castellani
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Willem T Peppler
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Zachary G Anderson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Samyra L Buzelle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| |
Collapse
|