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Dobson LK, Zimin A, Bayles D, Fritz-Waters E, Alt D, Olsen S, Blanchong J, Reecy J, Smith TPL, Derr JN. De novo assembly and annotation of the North American bison (Bison bison) reference genome and subsequent variant identification. Anim Genet 2021; 52:263-274. [PMID: 33780561 DOI: 10.1111/age.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genomic tools have improved the ability to manage bison populations and enhanced efforts to conserve this iconic species. These tools have been particularly useful for detecting introgression of cattle genome within bison herds but are limited by the need to use the cattle genome as a surrogate for mapping reads. This complicates efforts to distinguish the species of origin of chromosomal segments in individual bison at the genomic level. An assembly (Bison_UMD1.0) based on 75X genome coverage by Illumina and 454 reads was generated using the MaSuRCA assembler, generating a 2.81 Gigbases de novo reference genome from American bison. Comparison of bison and domestic cattle references identified 28 443 364 single nucleotide variants and 2 627 645 insertions/deletions distinguishing the species. Sequence alignment of an additional 12 modern bison samples and two historic bison samples to domestic cattle and bison references provides a dataset of genomic variants defining the different species and within-species variation. This first annotated draft assembly represents a resource for the management and conservation of bison, as well as a means to study the effects on the genome of interspecies hybridization. The comparisons of historical bison sequences with the new bison reference identified genomic differences between modern and pre-population bottleneck bison. The results support the application of genomics to enhance future research on disease, the establishment of satellite conservation herds and insight into bison and cattle speciation. The first genome assembly for bison and dataset provides a foundation that can be built upon as genetic technologies improve over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - A Zimin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - D Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - E Fritz-Waters
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - D Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - S Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - J Blanchong
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - J Reecy
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - T P L Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - J N Derr
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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Albert US, Schulz KD, Alt D, Beck V, Doherty J, Holsteg K, Kalbheim E, Müller J, Nass-Griegoleit I, Nill J, Nioduschewski G, Schulte H, von Wietersheim A, Kopp I. [A guideline for guidelines--methodological report and use of the guideline women's information]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 125:484-93. [PMID: 14755359 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-44816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Information and education is needed to empower autonomy and self-determination of patients (informed consent). Furthermore reliable and accurate medical information is necessary for patients who want to take an active part in medical decision-making. The aim of this work is to define the requirements helping to assure the development of good qualified information material relevant for women and female patients as "a guideline on women information". An example of its use is given by embeding this guideline in the guideline for early detection of breast cancer in Germany by defining the specific elements required for developing qualified information on this issue for women. METHODS A systematic, stepwise methodological process according to a level two guideline of the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) and the Agency for Quality in Medicine (AZQ) was performed with the following elements: 1. Establishing an expert panel, 2. Generating the guideline statements by a formal, consensus based nominal group process, 3. External review process and finding supportive partners for the guideline on women information, 4. Using the guideline for guidelines: implementing the concept in the guideline of early detection of breast cancer in Germany. RESULTS The "guideline women information" comprises nine elements of quality assuring requirements for the development of gender-specific information material and eleven specific elements which directly relate to the guideline statements on early detection of breast cancer. After external review 30 organisations gave their written support for future implementation of the guideline. The "guideline women information" was integrated as a tool for quality assurance of lay information into the "guideline for early detection of breast cancer in Germany". CONCLUSION The "guideline women information" is a systematically developed, consensus-based recommendation to improve the development of qualified lay information at the point of its process by defining gender-specific aspects required for good lay information and its evaluation. As a guideline for guidelines its use is demonstrated by integrating this guideline into the "guideline for early detection of breast cancer in Germany" to ensure the development of qualified guideline compliant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-S Albert
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Onkologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg.
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Naiman BM, Alt D, Bolin CA, Zuerner R, Baldwin CL. Protective killed Leptospira borgpetersenii vaccine induces potent Th1 immunity comprising responses by CD4 and gammadelta T lymphocytes. Infect Immun 2001; 69:7550-8. [PMID: 11705932 PMCID: PMC98846 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.12.7550-7558.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo is the most common cause of bovine leptospirosis and also causes zoonotic infections of humans. A protective killed vaccine against serovar hardjo was shown to induce strong antigen-specific proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from vaccinated cattle by 2 months after the first dose of vaccine. This response was absent from nonvaccinated control cattle. The mean response peaked by 2 months after completion of the two-dose vaccination regimen, and substantial proliferation was measured in in vitro cultures throughout the 7 months of the study period. Variations in magnitude of the response occurred among the vaccinated animals, but by 7 months postvaccination there was a substantial antigen-specific response with PBMC from all vaccinated animals. Up to one-third of the PBMC from vaccinated animals produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) after 7 days in culture with antigen, as ascertained by flow cytometric analysis, and significant levels of IFN-gamma were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that one-third of the IFN-gamma-producing cells were gammadelta T cells, with the remaining cells being CD4(+) T cells. The significance of this study is the very potent Th1-type immune response induced and sustained following vaccination with a killed bacterial vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide and the involvement of gammadelta T cells in the response. Moreover, induction of this Th1-type cellular immune response is associated with the protection afforded by the bovine leptospiral vaccine against L. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Naiman
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Hobmayer B, Snyder P, Alt D, Happel CM, Holstein TW. Quantitative analysis of epithelial cell aggregation in the simple metazoan Hydra reveals a switch from homotypic to heterotypic cell interactions. Cell Tissue Res 2001; 304:147-57. [PMID: 11383881 DOI: 10.1007/s004410000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydra, a member of the diploblastic phylum Cnidaria, exhibits the most basic type of organized metazoan tissues. Two unicellular sheets of polarized epithelial cells - ectoderm and endoderm - form a double layer throughout the body column. The double layer can be reestablished from single-cell suspensions by tissue-specific cell-sorting processes. However, the underlying pattern of interactions between ectodermal and endodermal epithelial cells responsible for double-layer formation is unclear. By analyzing cell interactions in a quantitative adhesion assay using mechanically dissociated Hydra epithelial cells, we show that aggregation proceeds in two steps. First, homotypic interactions within ectodermal epithelial cells (ecto-ecto) and within endodermal epithelial cells (endo-endo) form homotypic cell clusters. Second, at an aggregate size of about ten epithelial cells/cluster, ectodermal and endodermal clusters start to form heterotypic aggregates. Homotypic ecto-ecto interactions are inhibited by a polyclonal anti-Hydra membrane antiserum, and under these conditions homotypic endo-endo interactions do not proceed beyond a size of about ten epithelial cells/cluster. These data suggest that homotypic cell clusters reduce their initial homotypic affinity and acquire a new heterotypic affinity. A link between cell adhesion and cell signaling in early Hydra aggregates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hobmayer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Wagenaar J, Zuerner RL, Alt D, Bolin CA. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assays with bacteriologic culture, immunofluorescence, and nucleic acid hybridization for detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo in urine of cattle. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61:316-20. [PMID: 10714525 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare sensitivity and specificity of various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo in bovine urine and to compare results of the optimal PCR assay with results of immunofluorescence, nucleic acid hybridization, and bacteriologic culture. ANIMALS 6 heifers. PROCEDURE Heifers were exposed to serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis by conjunctival instillation of 10(6) leptospires on 3 successive days. Urine samples were collected before and after infection. Sensitivity and specificity of 5 PCR assays were compared, to determine the optimal assay for use with bovine urine samples. The optimal PCR assay was then compared with results of bacteriologic culture, nucleic acid hybridization, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS A PCR assay with the best combination of specificity (100%) and sensitivity (91%) was selected for comparison with the other diagnostic tests. Sensitivity for nucleic acid hybridization was 55%, whereas sensitivity for bacteriologic culture and immunofluorescence was 89 to 93%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bacteriologic culture, PCR, and immunofluorescence were sensitive for detection of L borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis in urine specimens of cattle, but a single technique was not the most sensitive for each animal tested. Therefore, the use of 2 techniques in combination is warranted for maximal sensitivity for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wagenaar
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A PCR-based assay was developed for typing L. interrogans sensu lato serovars. The assay is designed to exploit the presence of many copies of the leptospiral insertion sequence IS1533 and IS1533-like sequences present in the genomes of most leptospiral serovars. The PCR primers were designed to amplify DNA of unknown sequence between closely placed IS1533 or IS1533-like sequences. Amplification reactions primed with IS1533-based primers generated products of different sizes. When few copies of IS1533 were present in the genome, amplification of a few products was still detected. These results suggest that IS1533 elements may be found close together. Analysis of DNA amplified from different serovars showed the presence of differently sized products, thus enabling the serovars to be identified. Genetic variation among isolates within the same serovar was also demonstrated with the IS1533-based primers. Amplification reactions using DNA extracted from the urine of infected animals generated specific products which were similar to the products generated from purified bacterial DNA. These results demonstrate that this assay is selective enough to be used for typing leptospiral serovars from clinical material and thus allows leptospiral typing without isolation of the bacteria in pure culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Zuerner
- Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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Ahlgren JD, Ellison NM, Gottlieb RJ, Laluna F, Lokich JJ, Sinclair PR, Ueno W, Wampler GL, Yeung KY, Alt D. Hormonal palliation of chemoresistant ovarian cancer: three consecutive phase II trials of the Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11:1957-68. [PMID: 7691999 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1993.11.10.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of three hormonal manipulations in the palliation of chemoresistant ovarian cancer, and to analyze the results in the light of other clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three sequential phase II trials were performed in patients with refractory epithelial ovarian carcinoma, using high-dose megestrol acetate (800 mg/d for 30 days, then 400 mg/d), high-dose tamoxifen (80 mg/d for 30 days, then 40 mg/d), and aminoglutethimide (1 g/d plus tapering doses of hydrocortisone). Results were compared with those described in the world literature from trials of the same or similar agents. RESULTS No responses were seen among 30 assessable patients treated with megestrol acetate, and most (but not all) similar trials have reported low response rates. Five responses (17%) were seen among 29 patients treated with tamoxifen. Two responses exceeded 5 years in duration. No responses were seen among 15 patients treated with aminoglutethimide. CONCLUSION Antiestrogen therapy may offer the possibility of useful and, occasionally, long-term palliation of refractory epithelial ovarian carcinoma, with little toxicity. There may be a trend toward a dose-response effect, which represents a suitable topic for a future prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Ahlgren
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037
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Heim W, Wampler GL, Lokich JJ, Brereton HD, Scialla SJ, LaLuna F, Ahlgren JD, Nevin J, Fryer JG, Alt D. A study of infusional cisplatin and infusional fluorouracil for locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program study. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9:2162-6. [PMID: 1660065 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1991.9.12.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of cisplatin administered as a 24-hour infusion and fluorouracil administered as a 5-day infusion was used to treat 97 patients with non-small-cell lung (NSCLC) cancer in a phase II trial. Thirty patients had stage IIIB disease; 67 patients, stage IV disease (new international classification). Patients with stage IIIB disease also received thoracic radiation after chemotherapy. The regimen was well tolerated, with 24% or less grade 3 or greater toxicities of all types. One toxic death was attributed to fluid overload. The response rate, partial and complete, was 43% (95% confidence interval, 27% to 63%), and median survival was 13.8 months for patients with stage IIIB disease. Response rates refer to the chemotherapy response. For patients with stage IV disease, the response rate was 34% (95% confidence interval, 24% to 47%), and median survival was 6.2 months. On this regimen, stable-disease patients with stage IV disease had survivals at least equal to responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Heim
- Hematology and Oncology Associates of Northeastern Pennsylvania Professional Corporation, Scranton, PA
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Alt D, Balduf R, Thompson E. When a vascular access site complicates care. RN 1986; 49:36-9. [PMID: 3642688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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