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Bennett SA, Garrett K, Sharp DK, Freeman SJ, Smith AG, Wright TJ, Kay BP, Tang TL, Tolstukhin IA, Ayyad Y, Chen J, Davies PJ, Dolan A, Gaffney LP, Heinz A, Hoffman CR, Müller-Gatermann C, Page RD, Wilson GL. Direct Determination of Fission-Barrier Heights Using Light-Ion Transfer in Inverse Kinematics. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:202501. [PMID: 37267578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new technique for obtaining fission data for nuclei away from β stability. These types of data are pertinent to the astrophysical r process, crucial to a complete understanding of the origin of the heavy elements, and for developing a predictive model of fission. These data are also important considerations for terrestrial applications related to power generation and safeguarding. Experimentally, such data are scarce due to the difficulties in producing the actinide targets of interest. The solenoidal-spectrometer technique, commonly used to study nucleon-transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, has been applied to the case of transfer-induced fission as a means to deduce the fission-barrier height, among other variables. The fission-barrier height of ^{239}U has been determined via the ^{238}U(d,pf) reaction in inverse kinematics, the results of which are consistent with existing neutron-induced fission data indicating the validity of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bennett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Garrett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D K Sharp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S J Freeman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A G Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T J Wright
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T L Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - I A Tolstukhin
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y Ayyad
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Chen
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P J Davies
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Dolan
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L P Gaffney
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Heinz
- Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Müller-Gatermann
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R D Page
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - G L Wilson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Kay BP, Tang TL, Tolstukhin IA, Roderick GB, Mitchell AJ, Ayyad Y, Bennett SA, Chen J, Chipps KA, Crawford HL, Freeman SJ, Garrett K, Gott MD, Hall MR, Hoffman CR, Jayatissa H, Macchiavelli AO, MacGregor PT, Sharp DK, Wilson GL. Quenching of Single-Particle Strength in A=15 Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:152501. [PMID: 36269970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Absolute cross sections for the addition of s- and d-wave neutrons to ^{14}C and ^{14}N have been determined simultaneously via the (d,p) reaction at 10 MeV/u. The difference between the neutron and proton separation energies, ΔS, is around -20 MeV for the ^{14}C+n system and +8 MeV for ^{14}N+n. The population of the 1s_{1/2} and 0d_{5/2} orbitals for both systems is reduced by a factor of approximately 0.5 compared with the independent single-particle model, or about 0.6 when compared with the shell model. This finding strongly contrasts with results deduced from intermediate-energy knockout reactions between similar nuclei on targets of ^{9}Be and ^{12}C. The simultaneous technique used removes many systematic uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T L Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - I A Tolstukhin
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G B Roderick
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Applications, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A J Mitchell
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Applications, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Y Ayyad
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S A Bennett
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Chen
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K A Chipps
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - H L Crawford
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S J Freeman
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Garrett
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M D Gott
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M R Hall
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Jayatissa
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P T MacGregor
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D K Sharp
- Schuster Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G L Wilson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Tang TL, Kay BP, Hoffman CR, Schiffer JP, Sharp DK, Gaffney LP, Freeman SJ, Mumpower MR, Arokiaraj A, Baader EF, Butler PA, Catford WN, de Angelis G, Flavigny F, Gott MD, Gregor ET, Konki J, Labiche M, Lazarus IH, MacGregor PT, Martel I, Page RD, Podolyák Z, Poleshchuk O, Raabe R, Recchia F, Smith JF, Szwec SV, Yang J. First Exploration of Neutron Shell Structure below Lead and beyond N=126. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:062502. [PMID: 32109128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nuclei below lead but with more than 126 neutrons are crucial to an understanding of the astrophysical r process in producing nuclei heavier than A∼190. Despite their importance, the structure and properties of these nuclei remain experimentally untested as they are difficult to produce in nuclear reactions with stable beams. In a first exploration of the shell structure of this region, neutron excitations in ^{207}Hg have been probed using the neutron-adding (d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics. The radioactive beam of ^{206}Hg was delivered to the new ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer at an energy above the Coulomb barrier. The spectroscopy of ^{207}Hg marks a first step in improving our understanding of the relevant structural properties of nuclei involved in a key part of the path of the r process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Tang
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B P Kay
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C R Hoffman
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D K Sharp
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - S J Freeman
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M R Mumpower
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Arokiaraj
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - P A Butler
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - W N Catford
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - G de Angelis
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Flavigny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay, France
- LPC Caen, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M D Gott
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E T Gregor
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - J Konki
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Labiche
- Nuclear Physics Group, UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - I H Lazarus
- Nuclear Physics Group, UKRI-STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - P T MacGregor
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - I Martel
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R D Page
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - O Poleshchuk
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Raabe
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Recchia
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J F Smith
- SUPA, School of Computing, Engineering, and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - S V Szwec
- Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Yang
- KU Leuven, Intituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Schiffer JP, Hoffman CR, Kay BP, Clark JA, Deibel CM, Freeman SJ, Howard AM, Mitchell AJ, Parker PD, Sharp DK, Thomas JS. Test of sum rules in nucleon transfer reactions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:022501. [PMID: 22324674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative consistency of nucleon transfer reactions as a probe of the occupancy of valence orbits in nuclei is tested. Neutron-adding, neutron-removal, and proton-adding transfer reactions were measured on the four stable even Ni isotopes, with particular attention to the cross section determinations. The data were analyzed consistently in terms of the distorted wave Born approximation to yield spectroscopic factors. Valence-orbit occupancies were extracted, utilizing the Macfarlane-French sum rules. The deduced occupancies are consistent with the changing number of valence neutrons, as are the vacancies for protons, both at the level of <5%. While there has been some debate regarding the true "observability" of spectroscopic factors, the present results indicate that empirically they yield self-consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Schiffer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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