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Kim JY, Hyun DY, Nam D, Shin HJ, Jung J, Cho SY, Jung K, Hwang D, Lee SW, Kim JY. Proteogenomic Analysis of Human Uterine Cervical Cancer (UCC) Reveals Treatment-Resistant Subtypes of UCC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S22. [PMID: 37784455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is treated by radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy, but heterogenous treatment responses are frequently observed. To better optimize therapeutic options based on molecular signatures, we performed proteogenomic analysis of UCC. MATERIALS/METHODS UCC tissue and blood samples were collected from patients who underwent primary radiotherapy ± chemotherapy at the National Cancer Center (NCC) in Korea from July 2004 to March 2020. Most samples were obtained via biopsy. Genomic DNA for WES was isolated from frozen biopsy tumor tissues and peripheral blood buffy-coat of patients. Both global proteome and phosphoproteome were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, global proteomics and phosphoproteomics were performed using 253, 337, and 147 cervical cancer samples, respectively. Patient-derived xenograft were established using intratongue implantation using 2 primary cell lines from sub3 and sub5, and flow cytometric analysis was performed. RESULTS Fourteen significantly mutated genes (SMG) were found in our study cohort which include 5 newly identified SMGs. Mutation-phosphorylation analysis revealed association with apoptosis and actin cytoskeleton pathway. Proteogenomic analysis defined 6 molecular subtypes of UCC. Of those, 3 subtypes (i.e., Sub3, Sub5 and Sub6) were associated with treatment-resistant phenotypes. The cell-type deconvolution analysis suggested activated stroma with activation of cancer-associated fibroblast in Sub 3, while Sub5 showed low levels of activated stroma and high levels of myeloid immune cells. FACS analysis of UCC mouse models established from these 2 radio-resistant primary cell lines showed high component of PDGFRA+CAF infiltration in Sub 3, and high level of PVR+CD45+ immune cells mainly composed of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) in Sub5. For Sub6, genes and/or protein signatures represented mucin-related processes (e.g., mucin glycosylation/sugar metabolism), which are linked to metastasis-associated Tn antigen production. CONCLUSION The proteogenomic analysis thus suggests potential targets for radiotherapy-resistant subtypes of UCC; secretory factors from activated stroma and cancer-associated fibroblast (Sub3); RHOA signaling, PVR, and PMN-MDSCs (Sub5), and keratin/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and Tn antigen production (Sub6). Our study shows the importance of proteogenomic analysis in unveiling the subtype specific molecular pathways of UCC that are beyond reach by genomic data alone. The validity of our molecular pathway and cellular signatures linking these pathways should be further validated through detailed functional experiments and in larger UCC cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - D Y Hyun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - D Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - H J Shin
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Korea, Goyang, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Korea, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - D Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Korea, Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Nenning K, Gesperger J, Nemc A, Roetzer-Pejrimovsky T, Choi S, Preusser M, Nam D, Bock C, Langs G, Woehrer A. PL01.3.A Radiomic features and DNA methylation attributes in primary CNS lymphoma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clinical and laboratory markers have been exploited to model risk in patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), but the derived risk models do not fully explain the observed variation in outcome. Here we present an extended framework of phenotype-epigenotype correlations that reveal novel prognostic constellations and enable prioritizing epigenetic therapy.
Material and Methods
In this retrospective discovery and validation study, we leverage radiomic feature-driven analysis of medical images and supervised bioinformatic integration of DNA methylation profiles. We integrate both data modalities synergistically using machine learning-based prediction and cross-domain alignment. Ultimately, we validate the most relevant biological associations in tumor tissues and cell lines.
Results
We leverage a cohort of 191 patients across 9 sites in Austria and an external validation site in South Korea, and use T1-weighted contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to derive a radiomic risk score that consists of 20 mostly textural features. We determine the risk score as strong and independent predictive factor (multivariate HR=6.56), and confirm its prognostic value in an external validation cohort. Radiomic features align with DNA methylation sites in distinct, biologically meaningful ways, and radiomic risk is predictable from selected DNA methylation sites (AUC=0.78). Ultimately, gene-regulatory differences between radiomically-defined risk groups converge on bcl6 binding activity, which is posed as testable treatment strategy in a subset of patients.
Conclusion
The radiomic risk score is a robust and complementary predictor of survival and is reflected at the level of DNA methylation in PCNSL. Assessing risk and selecting epigenetic treatment based on imaging phenotypes represents a huge step forward, and the ability to define radiomic risk groups provides a concept on which to advance prognostic modeling and precision therapy for this aggressive brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nenning
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
- Nathan Kline Institute , New York, NY , United States
| | - J Gesperger
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - A Nemc
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | | | - S Choi
- Sunkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , Korea, Republic of
| | - M Preusser
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - D Nam
- Sunkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , Korea, Republic of
| | - C Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - G Langs
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - A Woehrer
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Shewarega A, Santana J, Nam D, Berz A, Kahl V, Wetter A, Madoff D, Chapiro J. Abstract No. 171 ▪ FEATURED ABSTRACT The effect of anti-MMP-9 as a potential modulator of the post-cryoablation anti-tumor immune response in HCC. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Uezono H, Nam D, Yu J, Chiang V. Outcomes Of Stereotactic Radiosurgery And Immunotherapy In Renal Cell Carcinoma With Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hwang H, Galtier E, Cynn H, Eom I, Chun SH, Bang Y, Hwang GC, Choi J, Kim T, Kong M, Kwon S, Kang K, Lee HJ, Park C, Lee JI, Lee Y, Yang W, Shim SH, Vogt T, Kim S, Park J, Kim S, Nam D, Lee JH, Hyun H, Kim M, Koo TY, Kao CC, Sekine T, Lee Y. Subnanosecond phase transition dynamics in laser-shocked iron. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz5132. [PMID: 32548258 PMCID: PMC7274792 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Iron is one of the most studied chemical elements due to its sociotechnological and planetary importance; hence, understanding its structural transition dynamics is of vital interest. By combining a short pulse optical laser and an ultrashort free electron laser pulse, we have observed the subnanosecond structural dynamics of iron from high-quality x-ray diffraction data measured at 50-ps intervals up to 2500 ps. We unequivocally identify a three-wave structure during the initial compression and a two-wave structure during the decaying shock, involving all of the known structural types of iron (α-, γ-, and ε-phase). In the final stage, negative lattice pressures are generated by the propagation of rarefaction waves, leading to the formation of expanded phases and the recovery of γ-phase. Our observations demonstrate the unique capability of measuring the atomistic evolution during the entire lattice compression and release processes at unprecedented time and strain rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Hwang
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - E. Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - H. Cynn
- High Pressure Physics Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - I. Eom
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S. H. Chun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. Bang
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - G. C. Hwang
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Choi
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - T. Kim
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - M. Kong
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - S. Kwon
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - K. Kang
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - H. J. Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - J. I. Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmoon Lee
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - W. Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - S.-H. Shim
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - T. Vogt
- NanoCenter and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunam Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - D. Nam
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - J. H. Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Hyun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - M. Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - T.-Y. Koo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - C.-C. Kao
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - T. Sekine
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
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Kim Y, Kim D, Lee K, Lim Y, Nam D. Preclinical in vivo screening to predict responder patients depend on EGFR status. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz268.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nam D, Nunley RM, Clohisy JC, Lombardi AV, Berend KR, Barrack RL. Does patient-reported perception of pain differ based on surgical approach in total hip arthroplasty? Bone Joint J 2019; 101-B:31-36. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b6.bjj-2018-1575.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims Whether patient-reported pain differs among surgical approaches in total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. This study’s purposes were to determine differences in pain based on surgical approach (direct anterior (DA) vs posterolateral (PL)) and PL approach incision length. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective investigation from two centres and seven surgeons (three DA, three PL, one both) of primary THAs. PL patients were categorized for incision length (6 cm to 8 cm, 8 cm to 12 cm, 12 cm to 15 cm). All patients had cementless femoral and acetabular fixation, at least one year’s follow-up, and well-fixed components. Patients completed a pain-drawing questionnaire identifying the location and intensity of pain on an anatomical diagram. Power analysis indicated 800 patients in each cohort for adequate power to detect a 4% difference in pain (alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.80). Results A total of 1848 patients (982 DA, 866 PL) were included. PL patients were younger (59.4 years, sd 12.9 vs 62.7 years, sd 9.7; p < 0.001) and had shorter follow-up (3.3 years, sd 1.3 vs 3.7 years, sd 1.3; p < 0.001). DA patients reported decreased moderate to severe trochanteric (14% vs 21%; p < 0.001) and groin pain (19% vs 24%; p = 0.004) than PL patients. There were no differences in anterior, lateral, or posterior thigh, back, or buttock pain between cohorts (p = 0.05 to 0.7). PL approach incision length did not impact the incidence or severity of pain (p = 0.3 to 0.7). Conclusion A significant proportion of patients perceive persistent pain following THA regardless of approach. DA patients reported less trochanteric and groin pain versus PL patients. PL incision length did not influence the incidence or severity of patient-reported pain. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(6 Supple B):31–36.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nam
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R. M. Nunley
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - J. C. Clohisy
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - A. V. Lombardi
- Joint Implant Surgeons Inc., Mount Carmel Health System, New Albany, Ohio, USA
| | - K. R. Berend
- Joint Implant Surgeons Inc., Mount Carmel Health System, New Albany, Ohio, USA
| | - R. L. Barrack
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
AIMS Modular dual mobility (DM) prostheses in which a cobalt-chromium liner is inserted into a titanium acetabular shell ( vs a monoblock acetabular component) have the advantage of allowing supplementary screw fixation, but the potential for corrosion between the liner and acetabulum has raised concerns. While DM prostheses have shown improved stability in patients deemed 'high-risk' for dislocation undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), their performance in young, active patients has not been reported. This study's purpose was to assess clinical outcomes, metal ion levels, and periprosthetic femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in young, active patients receiving a modular DM acetabulum and recently introduced titanium, proximally coated, tapered femoral stem design. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective study of patients between 18 and 65 years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2 and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score > 6, who received a modular cobalt-chromium acetabular liner, highly crosslinked polyethylene mobile bearing, and cementless titanium femoral stem for their primary THA. Patients with a history of renal disease and metal hardware elsewhere in the body were excluded. A total of 43 patients (30 male, 13 female; mean age 52.6 years (sd 6.5)) were enrolled. All patients had a minimum of two years' clinical follow-up. Patient-reported outcome measures, whole blood metal ion levels (ug/l), and periprosthetic femoral BMD were measured at baseline, as well as at one and two years postoperatively. Power analysis indicated 40 patients necessary to demonstrate a five-fold increase in cobalt levels from baseline (alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.80). A mixed model with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Mean Harris Hip Scores improved from 54.1 (sd 20.5) to 91.2 (sd 10.8) at two years postoperatively (p < 0.001). All patients had radiologically well-fixed components, no patients experienced any instability, and no patients required any further intervention. Mean cobalt levels increased from 0.065 ug/l (sd 0.03) preoperatively to 0.30 ug/l (sd 0.51) at one year postoperatively (p = 0.01) but decreased at two years postoperatively to 0.16 ug/l (sd 0.23; p = 0.2). Four patients (9.3%) had a cobalt level outside the reference range (0.03 ug/l to 0.29 ug/l) at two years postoperatively, with values from 0.32 ug/l to 0.94 ug/l. The mean femoral BMD ratio was maintained in Gruen zones 2 to 7 at both one and two years postoperatively using this stem design. At two years postoperatively, mean BMD in the medial calcar was 101.5% of the baseline value. CONCLUSION Use of a modular DM prosthesis and cementless, tapered femoral stem has shown encouraging results in young, active patients undergoing primary THA. Elevation in mean cobalt levels and the presence of four patients outside the reference range at two years postoperatively demonstrates the necessity of continued surveillance in this cohort. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:365-371.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nam
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois, USA
| | - R Salih
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - C R Nahhas
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois, USA
| | - R L Barrack
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R M Nunley
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Aitken J, Youlden D, O'Neill L, Ballantine K, Cross S, Nam D, Thursfield V, Baade P, Moore A, Valery P, Green A, Gupta S, Frazier A. Improving Population-Wide Collection of Stage at Diagnosis for Childhood Cancer: International Collaboration and Progress. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.28600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are huge international disparities in childhood cancer survival. The International Agency for Research on Cancer's Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development has improved cancer registry coverage of the world's population, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, for virtually all registries around the world, the challenge remains of collecting comparable and population-wide information on stage at diagnosis. This information is essential to understand and address disparities in outcomes. In response to this, a UICC-endorsed set of consensus guidelines for assigning stage for 16 of the most common types of childhood cancer was recently developed (the Toronto Guidelines), for use by population registries in both high and LMICs. Aim: To trial the Toronto Guidelines on a population-basis, and develop a structured protocol, suitable for global implementation, for collecting the required data elements and assigning cancer stage at diagnosis for childhood cancer. Methods: Using an innovative approach, data items as defined in the Toronto Guidelines were gathered from the medical record and entered electronically. Stage at diagnosis was assigned automatically using computer algorithms, thus reducing errors and maximizing consistency. Data collection and assignment of stage were incorporated into an online platform that was then trialed in the national childhood cancer registries of Australia and New Zealand for cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2014. Results: Stage at diagnosis was successfully assigned for 94% of all eligible patients (n=1662) across both countries. In contrast, stage as recorded by the treating clinician was located in the medical record for only 39% of cases in Australia. Conclusion: Practical implementation of the Toronto Guidelines has been highly successful to date and further testing is planned in LMICs. This approach has the potential to improve global epidemiologic monitoring of childhood cancer and lead to better understanding of the reasons underlying disparities in outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D.R. Youlden
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L.J. O'Neill
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K.R. Ballantine
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Cross
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D. Nam
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V.J. Thursfield
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P.D. Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A.S. Moore
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P.C. Valery
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A.C. Green
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Gupta
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A.L. Frazier
- Cancer Council Queensland, Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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Wang W, Ng K, Nam D, Trieu V, Hwang L. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of OT-101 (trabedersen) in patients with advanced tumors. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx367.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kim C, Nam D, Kong D, Kang S, Jang J, Kim J, Lim Y, Koh Y, Chung Y, Kim J. OS09.7 Phase III radomized trial of autologous cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma in Korea. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this article was to review the current literature pertaining to the use of mobile compression devices (MCDs) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and to discuss the results of data from our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS Previous studies have illustrated higher rates of post-operative wound complications, re-operation and re-admission with the use of more aggressive anticoagulation regimens, such as warfarin and factor Xa inhibitors. This highlights the importance of the safety, as well as efficacy, of the chemoprophylactic regimen. RESULTS Studies have shown a symptomatic VTE rate of 0.92% with use of MCDs for prophylaxis, which is comparable with rates seen with more aggressive anticoagulation protocols. A prior prospective study found that use of a pre-operative risk stratification protocol based on personal history of deep vein thrombosis, family history of VTE, active cancer, or a hypercoaguable state allowed for the avoidance of aggressive prophylactic anticoagulation in over 70% of patients while maintaining a low incidence of symptomatic VTE. CONCLUSION Further investigation is needed into the role of aspirin in VTE prophylaxis as well as the efficacy of MCDs as stand-alone prophylactic treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):8-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haynes
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - R L Barrack
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - D Nam
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Abstract
Aims The purpose of our study is to summarise the current scientific findings regarding the impact of obesity on total hip arthroplasty (THA); specifically the influence of obesity on the timing of THA, incidence of complications, and effect on clinical and functional outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic review that was compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify prospective studies from the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases that evaluated primary THA in obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients. Results There were 17 articles included in the review, which encompassed 13 722 THA patients. Analysis of the included studies showed that, when compared with non-obese patients, obesity was associated with younger age at time of primary THA, and an increased incidence of complications (up to four-fold). Results were mixed on the influence of obesity on the outcomes of primary THA, with three studies showing a detrimental effect on outcomes of a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, while eight studies showed no effect. Conclusion Obesity is associated with significantly younger age at time of primary THA and obese patients are likely to experience a higher rate of peri-operative complications. More investigation is needed into the effect of obesity on clinical outcomes, as the current literature is mixed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):31–6.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Haynes
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes
Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus
Box 8233, St. Louis, MO
63110, USA
| | - D. Nam
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes
Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus
Box 8233, St. Louis, MO
63110, USA
| | - R. L. Barrack
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes
Jewish Hospital, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus
Box 8233, St. Louis, MO
63110, USA
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Iordache SD, Nam D, Paylan J, Axelord T. Four-corner arthrodesis using two headless compression screws. Acta Orthop Belg 2016; 82:332-338. [PMID: 27682296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present the outcome of four-corner wrist arthrodesis using two headless compression screws for fixation. The study group consisted of 27 patients who underwent arthrodesis from 1998 through 2007. Data on demographic parameters, diagnosis, range of motion, pain and complications were collected from the medical files. A total of 77 series of anteroposterior, oblique, and lateral x-rays were reviewed by three independent interpreters ; consensus of at least two was required for the bones to be considered fused. Fusion was achieved in 24/27 wrists. Overall, inter-observer agreement in identifying radiographic bony fusion was fair (κ = 0.41). At the critical timing, 86 (SD 68) days postoperatively, when the decision regarding -fusion was made, inter-observer agreement was poor (κ = 0.07). Our rates of fusion are consistent with -reports in the literature. Radiographs performed at 3 months after four-corner arthrodesis are not -reliable for the diagnosis of fusion.
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Abstract
Aims This study investigated whether the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) decreased blood loss and transfusion related cost following surface replacement arthroplasty (SRA). Methods A retrospective review of patients treated with TXA during a SRA, who did not receive autologous blood (TXA group) was performed. Two comparison groups were established; the first group comprised of patients who donated their own blood pre-operatively (auto group) and the second of patients who did not donate blood pre-operatively (control). Outcomes included transfusions, post-operative haemoglobin (Hgb), complications, and length of post-operative stay. Results Between 2009 and 2013, 150 patients undergoing SRA were identified for inclusion: 51 in the auto, 49 in the control, and 50 in the TXA group. There were no differences in the pre-operative Hgb concentrations between groups. The mean post-operative Hgb was 11.3 g/dL (9.1 to 13.6) in the auto and TXA groups, and 10.6 g/dL (8.1 to 12.1)in the control group (p = 0.001). Accounting for cost of transfusions, administration of TXA, and length of stay, the cost per patient was $1731, $339, and $185 for the auto, control and TXA groups, respectively. Discussion TXA use demonstrated higher post-operative Hgb concentrations when compared with controls and decreased peri-operative costs. Take home message: Tranexamic acid safely limits allogeneic transfusion, maintains post-operative haemoglobin, and decreases direct and indirect transfusion related costs in surface replacement arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:173–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sassoon
- University of Washington, Meridian
Ave N, Ste 270. Seattle, WA
98133, USA
| | - D. Nam
- Washington University. School of Medicine, 660
S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St
Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - R. Jackups
- Washington University. School of Medicine, 660
S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St
Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - S. R. Johnson
- Washington University. School of Medicine, 660
S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St
Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - R. M. Nunley
- Washington University. School of Medicine, 660
S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St
Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - R. L. Barrack
- Washington University. School of Medicine, 660
S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St
Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Nam D, Guo B, Chatterjee S, Chen MH, Nelson D, Yechoor VK, Ma K. The adipocyte clock controls brown adipogenesis via TGF/ BMP signaling pathway. Development 2015. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
A national, multi-centre study was designed in which a questionnaire quantifying the degree of patient satisfaction and residual symptoms in patients following total knee replacement (TKR) was administered by an independent, blinded third party survey centre. A total of 90% of patients reported satisfaction with the overall functioning of their knee, but 66% felt their knee to be ‘normal’, with the reported incidence of residual symptoms and functional problems ranging from 33% to 54%. Female patients and patients from low-income households had increased odds of reporting dissatisfaction. Neither the use of contemporary implant designs (gender-specific, high-flex, rotating platform) or custom cutting guides (CCG) with a neutral mechanical axis target improved patient-perceived outcomes. However, use of a CCG to perform a so-called kinematically aligned TKR showed a trend towards more patients reporting their knee to feel ‘normal’ when compared with a so called mechanically aligned TKR This data shows a degree of dissatisfaction and residual symptoms following TKR, and that several recent modifications in implant design and surgical technique have not improved the current situation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):96–100.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nam
- Washington University School of Medicine/Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus
Box 8233, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R. M. Nunley
- Washington University School of Medicine/Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus
Box 8233, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R. L. Barrack
- Washington University School of Medicine/Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus
Box 8233, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Seol H, Nam D, Kong D, Lee J, Park K. Clinical Outcomes of Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas Focusing on Reversibility of Postoperative Visual Function. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Blood loss during total knee replacement (TKR) remains a significant concern. In this study, 114 patients underwent TKR, and were divided into two groups based on whether they received a new generation fibrin sealant intra-operatively, or a local infiltration containing adrenaline. Groups were then compared for mean calculated total blood volume (TBV) loss, transfusion rates, and knee range of movement. Mean TBV loss was similar between groups: fibrin sealant mean was 705 ml (281 to 1744), local adrenaline mean was 712 ml (261 to 2308) (p = 0.929). Overall, significantly fewer units of blood were transfused in the fibrin sealant group (seven units) compared with the local adrenaline group (15 units) (p = 0.0479). Per patient transfused, significantly fewer units of blood were transfused in the fibrin sealant group (1.0 units) compared with the local adrenaline group (1.67 units) (p = 0.027), suggesting that the fibrin sealant may reduce the need for multiple unit transfusions. Knee range of movement was similar between groups. From our results, it appears that application of this newer fibrin sealant results in blood loss and transfusion rates that are low and similar to previously applied fibrin sealants. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:135–9.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Reinhardt
- NSLIJ Orthopaedic Institute at Southside
Hospital, 301 East Main Street, Bayshore, New
York 11706, USA
| | - H. Osoria
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300
York Avenue New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - D. Nam
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
East 70th Street, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - M. A. Alexiades
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
East 70th Street, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - M. P. Figgie
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
East 70th Street, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - E. P. Su
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
East 70th Street, New York, New York, 10021, USA
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Abstract
An 81-year-old woman presented with a fracture in the left femur. She had well-fixed bilateral hip replacements and had received long-term bisphosphonate treatment. Prolonged bisphosphonate use has been recently linked with atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures. While the current definition of an atypical fracture of the femur excludes peri-prosthetic fractures, this case suggests that they do occur and should be considered in patients with severe osteopenia. Union of the fracture followed cessation of bisphosphonates and treatment with teriparatide. Thus, this case calls into question whether prophylactic intramedullary nailing is sufficient alone to treat early or completed atypical femoral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Cross
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
E 70th Street, New York, New
York 10021, USA
| | - D. Nam
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
E 70th Street, New York, New
York 10021, USA
| | | | - M. P. G. Bostrom
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535
E 70th Street, New York, New
York 10021, USA
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Song C, Park J, Kim S, Nam D, Kohmura Y, Ishikawa T. Three-dimensional imaging with coherent X-rays at nano-scale resolution and beyond. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nam D, Kepler CK, Neviaser AS, Jones KJ, Wright TM, Craig EV, Warren RF. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: current concepts, results, and component wear analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010; 92 Suppl 2:23-35. [PMID: 21189245 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.j.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Nam
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Mulford JS, Ceulemans LJ, Nam D, Axelrod TS. Proximal row carpectomy vs four corner fusion for scapholunate (Slac) or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (Snac) wrists: a systematic review of outcomes. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2009; 34:256-63. [PMID: 19369301 DOI: 10.1177/1753193408100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and scaphoid excision with four-corner fusion (4CF) are common motion-preserving, salvage procedures for the treatment of wrists with scaphoid nonunion (SNAC) or scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). A systematic review was undertaken to clarify controversies regarding which of these procedures has the better outcome. We collated 52 articles that examine outcomes for SNAC or SLAC patients undergoing PRC or 4CF. Although the lack of unbiased trials must be acknowledged, this systematic review confirms that both procedures give improvements in pain and subjective outcome measures for patients with symptomatic and appropriately staged SLAC or SNAC wrists. PRC may provide better postoperative range of movement and lacks the potential complications specific to 4CF (nonunion, hardware issues and dorsal impingement). However, the risk of subsequent osteoarthritis is significantly higher in PRC patients despite the majority being asymptomatic at the time of review. Grip strength, pain relief and subjective outcomes are similar in both treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mulford
- Orthopaedic Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Hoseok I, Lee J, Nam D, Ahn Y, Shim Y, Kim K, Choi Y, Kim J. P-880 Surgical treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma with isolatedsynchronous brain metastases. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)81373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Haemoglobin (Hb) types were studied in three breeds of Omani goats, Batinah (n = 22), Jebel Akhdar (n = 27) and Dhofari (n = 85). Type A was the only adult Hb observed in adult Batinah and Jebel Akhdar goats. In contrast, only 34% of the Dhofari goats were homozygous for Hb A, while 66% were heterozygous for Hb A and Hb B. Dhofari goats with type AB could further be differentiated into those with approximately 67% type A and 33% type B and those with approximately 33% type A and 67% type B. None of the goats was homozygous for type B. Seventeen kids observed from birth exhibited different levels of fetal Hb, dependent upon whether they developed the adult phenotype AA or AB. Kids that became homozygous for type A were born with approximately 90% Hb F and 10% Hb A. In contrast, goats that developed the heterozygous AB phenotype were born with only 30-60% Hb F, the remaining Hb being types A and B. These findings are not in accordance with previous reports that kids are born without any adult Hb. Hb F was no longer detectable in any of the three breeds of goats at 49 days of age. There was no evidence of Hb C, the pre-adult form of Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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Cha SW, Lee HJ, Cho MH, Lee MH, Koh WS, Han S, Kim J, Lee E, Nam D, Jeong TC. Role of corticosterone in ethyl carbamate-induced immunosuppression in female BALB/c mice. Toxicol Lett 2001; 119:173-81. [PMID: 11246170 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the antibody response to the T-cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), was suppressed by ethyl carbamate in female BALB/c mice. At the same doses, ethyl carbamate decreased in the numbers of splenic macrophages, B cells, total T cells, CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells. In addition, the serum level of corticosterone was increased dose-dependently. To investigate the possible role of corticosterone in ethyl carbamate-induced immunosuppression, the antibody response to SRBCs and the subpopulation changes of splenocytes and thymocytes were determined in naive, sham-operated and adrenalectomized (ADX) female BALB/c mice. When the mice were treated intraperitoneally with 400 mg/kg ethyl carbamate, the antibody response was significantly suppressed by ethyl carbamate in naive and sham-operated mice in accompanying the decrease in spleen and thymus weights and/or the increase in the level of serum corticosterone. Meanwhile, the antibody response was not suppressed by ethyl carbamate in the ADX mice. The splenic numbers of total cells, macrophages, B and T cells, and CD4(+) cells were decreased by ethyl carbamate in naive and sham-operated mice. Meanwhile, each cell number was comparable with control in the ADX mice. The flow cytometric analyses on thymocytes did not show obvious differences as seen in the spleen. Finally, when the ADX mice were treated intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg corticosterone, the antibody response was significantly suppressed. Taken together, our present results suggested that corticosterone might be, at least partially, responsible for ethyl carbamate-induced immunosuppression in female BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Cha
- Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yusung, 305-606, Taejon, South Korea
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Deleu D, Knox-Macaulay H, Okereke P, Gravell D, Nam D. Folate deficiencyy and neurologic complications in elderly Omani patients. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2000; 5:256-257. [PMID: 24276610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Deleu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Neurology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, Al Khod, Muscat 123, Oman
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Deleu D, Okereke P, Gravell D, Nam D, Knox-Macaulay H. Folate deficiency and neurologic complications in elderly Omani patients. Saudi Med J 2000; 21:985-6. [PMID: 11369972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
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Deleu D, Louon A, Sivagnanam S, Sundaram K, Okereke P, Gravell D, Al-Salmy HS, Al Bahrani I, Nam D, Knox-MacAulay H, Hanssens Y. Long-term effects of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on laboratory and clinical parameters in elderly Omani patients: a randomized double-blind study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2000; 25:271-7. [PMID: 10971777 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2000.00287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined the long-term effects of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on serum levels of cobalamin and folate, red cell folate levels and haematological parameters, and neurological status in elderly Omani patients. METHODS Sixty-nine consecutive patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery were randomly and double-blind assigned to nitrous oxide or propofol anaesthesia. They met the following entry criteria: age 55 years or above, no major organ failure, no clinical signs or symptoms of cobalamin or folate deficiency, mean cell volume (MCV) </= 96 fl, haematocrit (Hct) higher than 0.3 and no cobalamin and/or folate substitution therapy during the preceding months. Serum levels of cobalamin and folate, red cell folate levels, and haematological parameters were measured prior to anaesthesia and 3-5 weeks later. At that time, the patients also underwent thorough neurological examination. RESULTS Data of 51 patients were complete and considered for analysis. In both nitrous oxide and propofol group, the range of exposure time was comparable (+/-1 h). In the nitrous oxide group, a slight but significant decrease in haemoglobin, Hct, and red blood cell count (RBC) (P < 0.001) was observed, whereas there was a mild increase in mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant decrease in serum folate levels (P < 0.05). Hct and RBC decreased slightly in the propofol group (P < 0. 05), whereas there was a small increase in MCH. There was no difference between the two anaesthetics with regard to serum cobalamin and red cell folate levels, but there was a significant decrease in serum folate levels in the nitrous oxide group compared to those in the propofol group. Three patients with pre-existing low red cell folate levels, who were randomized to nitrous oxide anaesthesia, developed clinical symptoms of folate deficiency. CONCLUSION This study showed that short-term (40-80 min) nitrous oxide anaesthesia did not affect cobalamin levels but reduced serum folate levels in this elderly population. Although this reduction was clinically irrelevant, some patients with pre-existing asymptomatic folate deficiency developed nitrous oxide-induced folate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Deleu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, Al-Khod, Muscat-123, Sultanate of Oman.
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Seeman P, Nam D, Ulpian C, Liu IS, Tallerico T. New dopamine receptor, D2(Longer), with unique TG splice site, in human brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 76:132-41. [PMID: 10719223 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain dopamine receptor agonists alleviate the signs of Parkinson's disease, while dopamine receptor antagonists alleviate hallucinations and delusions in psychosis. The dopamine type 2 receptor (or D2) is blocked by antipsychotic drugs, including even the "atypical" drugs such as clozapine or remoxipride, in direct relation to their clinical potencies. Compared to the long form of the D2 receptor (D2(Long)), the short form (D2(Short)) may be three times more sensitive to benzamide antipsychotic drugs. Hence, it is essential to identify additional variants of dopamine receptors for which more selective antipsychotic drugs can be found. Although no family linkage has been found between the D2 receptor and schizophrenia, there can be brain region abnormalities in the RNA transcript expression of dopamine receptors. Therefore, in order to identify variant dopamine D2 receptors, we searched for mutations in the RNA transcripts for the dopamine D2 receptor in the striatum of post-mortem brains from individuals who died with psychosis, including schizophrenia. A new splice variant of the D2 receptor, D2(Longer), with a unique TG splice site, was found in one control brain and in two psychotic brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Seeman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Science Building, 8 Taddle Creek Road, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Nam D, Qian IH, Kusumi I, Ulpian C, Tallerico T, Liu IS, Seeman P. The human serotonin-7 receptor pseudogene: variation and chromosome location. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1998; 23:214-6. [PMID: 9785699 PMCID: PMC1188936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a variation of the pseudogene for the serotonin-7 receptor in human DNA. Human genomic DNA was amplified, using the polymerase chain reaction method and degenerate oligonucleotide primers for serotonin receptor-like genes. A novel gene DNA sequence of 1325 bp was found. Based on nucleotides, this gene is 88% identical to the serotonin-7 receptor coding sequence. Compared with the previously known serotonin-7 receptor pseudogene, this pseudogene has 1 nucleotide deletion and 4 nucleotide mutations. The gene is located on human chromosome 12 at 12p12.3-p13.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ont
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Abstract
Although the serotonin-7 receptor was cloned several years ago, its localization in brain tissues remains confusing because of the existence of a related expressed pseudogene, the sequence of which has not hitherto been reported. During the course of searching for related receptor genes, we also searched for this pseudogene to determine its sequence. Human genomic DNA was screened for dopamine and serotonin receptor-like genes, using the polymerase chain reaction method and degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the similar sequences in the transmembrane-6 and -7 regions of the serotonin-5A, the serotonin-7, and the dopamine D2, D3 and D4 receptors. This resulted in one of the clones having a 115 bp fragment, of which 89% of the bases were identical to the transmembrane-6 and -7 regions of the serotonin-7 receptor sequence. The fragment was radiolabelled and used to screen a human fetal brain cDNA library. A novel cDNA clone of 1326 bp was isolated. Based on the nucleotide sequence, 88% of the bases in this sequence of the pseudogene are identical to the human serotonin-7 receptor coding sequence. However, compared to the serotonin-7 receptor DNA sequence, the pseudogene sequence has nucleotide deletions and insertions, resulting in frame-shifts and stop codons. It was concluded that this sequence represented a pseudogene related to the serotonin-7 receptor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 8 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Seeman P, Corbett R, Nam D, Van Tol HH. Dopamine and serotonin receptors: amino acid sequences, and clinical role in neuroleptic parkinsonism. Jpn J Pharmacol 1996; 71:187-204. [PMID: 8854201 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.71.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the amino acid sequences of the human dopamine and serotonin receptors and their human variants. The review also examines the receptor basis of the atypical antipsychotic drugs that elicit less parkinsonism than the typical antipsychotics. Because the dissociation constant of a drug varies with the radioligand, the dissociation constants of many neuroleptics are here summarized for the dopamine D2-, D4- and serotonin S2A-receptors using different radioligands. Radioligands of low solubility in the membrane (having low tissue/buffer partition) result in lower values for the neuroleptic dissociation constants, compared to radioligands of high membrane solubility. Such studies yield the intrinsic K value for a neuroleptic in the absence of a competing ligand. Clozapine, for example, has an intrinsic K value of 1.6 nM at the D4-receptor, in agreement with the value of 1.6 nM when directly measured with [3H]clozapine at D4. However, because clozapine competes with endogenous dopamine, the in vivo clozapine concentration to occupy 75% of the dopamine D4-receptors is derived to be approximately 13 nM. This agrees with the value of 12 to 20 nM in the plasma water (or spinal fluid) observed in treated patients. Moreover, in L-DOPA psychosis (in Parkinson's disease), the clozapine concentration for 75% blockade of D4 is predicted to be approximately 3 nM. This agrees with the value of approximately 1.2 nM observed by Meltzer et al. in plasma water (Neuropsychopharmacology, 12, 39-45 (1995)). This analysis supports the concept and practical value of the intrinsic K values. Some atypical neuroleptics (remoxipride, clozapine, perlapine, seroquel and melperone) have high intrinsic K values (ranging from 30 to 88 nM) at the D2-receptor, making them displaceable by high levels of endogenous dopamine in the caudate/putamen. In contrast, however, typical neuroleptics (i.e., those that typically cause parkinsonism) have intrinsic K values of 0.3 to 6 nM, making them less displaceable by endogenous dopamine. A relationship exists between the neuroleptic doses for rat catalepsy and the D2/D4 ratio of the intrinsic K values. Thus, the atypical neuroleptics appear to fall into two groups, those that bind loosely to D2 and those that are selective at D4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Seeman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Previously, we have reported the cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human dopamine D5 receptor encoding gene (D5) and that the major transactivation domain was 119-182 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site [Beischlag, T.V. et al., Biochemistry, 34 (1995) 5960-5970]. Within this region existed a small dinucleotide repeat termed (TC)13. In this report, we describe the screening of genomic DNAs from 18 unrelated individuals by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. SSCP analysis revealed the existence of two additional alleles, termed (TC)12 and (TC)14. Neither form significantly altered D5 promoter-mediated luciferase activity when compared to that of the wild-type control, suggesting that small differences in the number of dinucleotide repeats are not likely of any functional consequence for D5 transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Beischlag
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Waarts R, Nam D, Sanders S, Harrison J, Dinerman BJ. Two-dimensional Er:YSGG microlaser array pumped with a monolithic two-dimensional laser diode array. Opt Lett 1994; 19:1738-1740. [PMID: 19855639 DOI: 10.1364/ol.19.001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated one- and two-dimensional Er:YSGG microlaser arrays at 2.8-microm output wavelength with power levels up to 900 mW cw. The one-dimensional microlaser arrays are based on conventional edge-emitting laser diodes, and the two-dimensional microlaser arrays are based on surface-emitting monolithic two-dimensional laser diode arrays with 45-deg deflectors.
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Ehlert JC, Cassarly B, Chakmakjian SH, Finlan JM, Flood KM, Waarts RG, Nam D, Welch DF. Automated phase sensing and control of an external Talbot cavity laser with phase-contrast imaging. Appl Opt 1994; 33:5550-5556. [PMID: 20935952 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.005550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel phase-sensing and control system, based on phase-contrast imaging, operating within a linear external cavity laser consisting of 18 GaAlAs edge-emitting gain stripes. The system is used to achieve single-spatial-mode operation and diffraction-limited output from the linear cavity, which uses diffractive coupling at a Talbot plane to achieve coherent operation.
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Abstract
The frequencies of four malaria associated erythrocyte genetic abnormalities have been established in 1000 Omani subjects. They are: homozygous alpha+ thalassaemia (-alpha/-alpha) 0.45; high Hb A2 beta thalassaemia trait 0.015; sickle trait (Hb A/S) 0.061; and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (Gd-): males 0.27, females 0.11. From our data the alpha+ (-alpha/) thal gene (confirmed by Southern blotting) is pandemic in this population. Moreover, in spite of the very high frequency of Gd-, oxidative haemolytic syndromes are very uncommon. Also preliminary data indicate that among the Omani population with sickle cell disease, homozygosity of the alpha+ gene markedly modifies the clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M White
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Cassarly WJ, Ehlert JC, Finlan JM, Flood KM, Waarts R, Mehuys D, Nam D, Welch D. Intracavity phase correction of an external Talbot cavity laser with the use of liquid crystals. Opt Lett 1992; 17:607-609. [PMID: 19794573 DOI: 10.1364/ol.17.000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of GaAlAs emitters have been diffractively coupled by using an external Talbot cavity to support a single spatial mode; however, element-to-element phase differences distort the desired spatial mode. To enable element-to-element phase correction, we incorporated a 20-element array of tunable liquid-crystal phase shifters into a 20-element GaAlAs external Talbot cavity laser. Using the tunable phase shifters, we corrected spatial mode distortions, which resulted in 663 mW of nearly diffraction-limited power.
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MacMahon RA, James BE, Nam D. Preliminary results of a clinical trial of intravenous feeding of premature infants of birth weight 1050g or less. Aust Paediatr J 1975; 11:154-9. [PMID: 813624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1975.tb02303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
A precise method for the determination of fibrinogen-fibrin related antigen (FR antigen) in an automated tanned red cell haemagglutination inhibition system is described. In a continuous flow system aliquots of serum are mixed with a dilution of rabbit anti-human fibrinogen serum. The FR antigen neutralizes the anti-fibrinogen serum and on addition of tanned human red cells sensitized with human fibrinogen, the cells agglutinate according to the remaining anti-fibrinogen activity. The agglutinates are removed and the remaining free cells are haemolysed with saponin and the colour measured at 550 nm. The density of the colour formed is in proportion to the amount of FR antigen present. The range in 102 normal males was 4.8 plus or minus 2.4 mug/ml. A significant increase in the levels of FR antigen throughout pregnancy was found, the highest levels being in the latter half of the third trimester. The levels of FR antigen in 31 normal urines was 0.46 plus or minus 0.44 mug/ml.
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