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Tam A, Hughes M, McNagny KM, Obeidat M, Hackett TL, Leung JM, Shaipanich T, Dorscheid DR, Singhera GK, Yang CWT, Paré PD, Hogg JC, Nickle D, Sin DD. Hedgehog signaling in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3353. [PMID: 30833624 PMCID: PMC6399332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have linked gene variants of the receptor patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its biological role in the disease is unclear. Our objective was to determine the expression pattern and biological role of PTCH1 in the lungs of patients with COPD. Airway epithelial-specific PTCH1 protein expression and epithelial morphology were assessed in lung tissues of control and COPD patients. PTCH1 mRNA expression was measured in bronchial epithelial cells obtained from individuals with and without COPD. The effects of PTCH1 siRNA knockdown on epithelial repair and mucous expression were evaluated using human epithelial cell lines. Ptch1+/− mice were used to assess the effect of decreased PTCH1 on mucous expression and airway epithelial phenotypes. Airway epithelial-specific PTCH1 protein expression was significantly increased in subjects with COPD compared to controls, and its expression was associated with total airway epithelial cell count and thickness. PTCH1 knockdown attenuated wound closure and mucous expression in airway epithelial cell lines. Ptch1+/− mice had reduced mucous expression compared to wildtype mice following mucous induction. PTCH1 protein is up-regulated in COPD airway epithelium and may upregulate mucous expression. PTCH1 provides a novel target to reduce chronic bronchitis in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tam
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Hughes
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Obeidat
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T L Hackett
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J M Leung
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Shaipanich
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D R Dorscheid
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G K Singhera
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C W T Yang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P D Paré
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J C Hogg
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Nickle
- Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - D D Sin
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Ngumbela K, Day C, Mncube Z, Nair K, Ramduth D, Thobakgale C, Moodley E, Reddy S, de Pierres C, Mkhwanazi N, Bishop K, van der Stok M, Ismail N, Honeyborne I, Crawford H, Kavanagh D, Rousseau C, Nickle D, Mullins J, Heckerman D, Korber B, Coovadia H, Kiepiela P, Goulder P, Walker B. Targeting of a CD8 T cell env epitope presented by HLA-B*5802 is associated with markers of HIV disease progression and lack of selection pressure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24:72-82. [PMID: 18275350 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In HIV-infected persons, certain HLA class I alleles are associated with effective control of viremia, while others are associated with rapid disease progression. Among the most divergent clinical outcomes are the relatively good prognosis in HLA-B*5801 expressing persons and poor prognosis with HLA-B*5802. These two alleles differ by only three amino acids in regions involved in HLA-peptide recognition. This study evaluated a cohort of over 1000 persons with chronic HIV clade C virus infection to determine whether clinical outcome differences associated with B*5801 (n = 93) and B*5802 ( n = 259) expression are associated with differences in HIV-1-specific CD8 (+) T cell responses. The overall breadth and magnitude of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses were lower in persons expressing B*5802, and epitope presentation by B*5802 contributed significantly less to the overall response as compared to B*5801-restricted CD8 (+) T cells. Moreover, viral load in B*5802-positive persons was higher and CD4 cell counts lower when this allele contributed to the overall CD8 (+) T cell response, which was detected exclusively through a single epitope in Env. In addition, persons heterozygous for B*5802 compared to persons homozygous for other HLA-B alleles had significantly higher viral loads. Viral sequencing revealed strong selection pressure mediated through B*5801-restricted responses but not through B*5802. These data indicate that minor differences in HLA sequence can have a major impact on epitope recognition, and that selective targeting of Env through HLA-B*5802 is at least ineffectual if not actively adverse in the containment of viremia. These results provide experimental evidence that not all epitope-specific responses contribute to immune containment, a better understanding of which is essential to shed light on mechanisms involved in HIV disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.C. Ngumbela
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - C.L. Day
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Z. Mncube
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - K. Nair
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - D. Ramduth
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - C. Thobakgale
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - E. Moodley
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - S. Reddy
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - C. de Pierres
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - N. Mkhwanazi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - K. Bishop
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - M. van der Stok
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - N. Ismail
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - I. Honeyborne
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - H. Crawford
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - D.G. Kavanagh
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - C. Rousseau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - D. Nickle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - J. Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - D. Heckerman
- Machine Learning and Applied Statistics Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington 98052
| | - B. Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
| | - H. Coovadia
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - P. Kiepiela
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - P.J.R. Goulder
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - B.D. Walker
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20185
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